Add bignum support to expt

Problem and initial solution reported by Andy Moreton in:
https://lists.gnu.org/r/emacs-devel/2018-08/msg00503.html
* doc/lispref/numbers.texi (Math Functions): expt integer
overflow no longer causes truncation; it now signals an error
since bignum overflow is a big deal.
* src/floatfns.c (Fexpt): Support bignum arguments.
* test/src/floatfns-tests.el (bignum-expt): New test.

1 files changed, 27 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/src/floatfns.c b/src/floatfns.c
index 713d42694ff..54d068c29e5 100644
--- a/src/floatfns.c
+++ b/src/floatfns.c
@@ -204,29 +204,36 @@ DEFUN ("expt", Fexpt, Sexpt, 2, 2, 0,
        doc: /* Return the exponential ARG1 ** ARG2.  */)
   (Lisp_Object arg1, Lisp_Object arg2)
 {
-  CHECK_FIXNUM_OR_FLOAT (arg1);
-  CHECK_FIXNUM_OR_FLOAT (arg2);
-  if (FIXNUMP (arg1)     /* common lisp spec */
-      && FIXNUMP (arg2)   /* don't promote, if both are ints, and */
-      && XFIXNUM (arg2) >= 0) /* we are sure the result is not fractional */
-    {                           /* this can be improved by pre-calculating */
-      EMACS_INT y;              /* some binary powers of x then accumulating */
-      EMACS_UINT acc, x;  /* Unsigned so that overflow is well defined.  */
-      Lisp_Object val;
-
-      x = XFIXNUM (arg1);
-      y = XFIXNUM (arg2);
-      acc = (y & 1 ? x : 1);
-
-      while ((y >>= 1) != 0)
+  CHECK_NUMBER (arg1);
+  CHECK_NUMBER (arg2);
+
+  /* Common Lisp spec: don't promote if both are integers, and if the
+     result is not fractional.  */
+  if (INTEGERP (arg1) && NATNUMP (arg2))
+    {
+      unsigned long exp;
+      if (RANGED_FIXNUMP (0, arg2, ULONG_MAX))
+        exp = XFIXNUM (arg2);
+      else if (MOST_POSITIVE_FIXNUM < ULONG_MAX && BIGNUMP (arg2)
+               && mpz_fits_ulong_p (XBIGNUM (arg2)->value))
+        exp = mpz_get_ui (XBIGNUM (arg2)->value);
+      else
+        xsignal3 (Qrange_error, build_string ("expt"), arg1, arg2);
+
+      mpz_t val;
+      mpz_init (val);
+      if (FIXNUMP (arg1))
         {
-          x *= x;
-          if (y & 1)
-            acc *= x;
+          mpz_set_intmax (val, XFIXNUM (arg1));
+          mpz_pow_ui (val, val, exp);
         }
-      XSETINT (val, acc);
-      return val;
+      else
+        mpz_pow_ui (val, XBIGNUM (arg1)->value, exp);
+      Lisp_Object res = make_number (val);
+      mpz_clear (val);
+      return res;
     }
+
   return make_float (pow (XFLOATINT (arg1), XFLOATINT (arg2)));
 }