Update Android port

* doc/emacs/android.texi (Android Startup, Android Environment):
Document that restrictions on starting Emacs have been lifted.

* java/README: Document Java for Emacs developers and how the
Android port works.

* java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsApplication.java (EmacsApplication)
(findDumpFile): New function.
(onCreate): Factor out dump file finding functions to there.

* java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNative.java (EmacsNative): Update
function declarations.
* java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNoninteractive.java
(EmacsNoninteractive): New class.

* java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsService.java (EmacsService, getApkFile)
(onCreate): Pass classpath to setEmacsParams.
* java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsThread.java (EmacsThread): Make run an
override.
* lisp/loadup.el: Don't dump on Android when noninteractive.
* lisp/shell.el (shell--command-completion-data): Handle
inaccessible directories.
* src/Makefile.in (android-emacs): Link with gnulib.
* src/android-emacs.c (main): Implement to launch app-process
and then EmacsNoninteractive.
* src/android.c (setEmacsParams): New argument `class_path'.
Don't set stuff up when running noninteractive.
* src/android.h (initEmacs): Likewise.
* src/androidfont.c (init_androidfont):
* src/androidselect.c (init_androidselect): Don't initialize
when running noninteractive.
* src/emacs.c (load_pdump): New argument `dump_file'.
(android_emacs_init): Give new argument `dump_file' to
`load_pdump'.
* src/sfntfont-android.c (init_sfntfont_android): Don't
initialize when running noninteractive.

6 files changed, 1067 insertions, 46 deletions

diff --git a/java/README b/java/README
index 05edf7744de..44f5a415162 100644
--- a/java/README
+++ b/java/README
@@ -10,3 +10,827 @@ to install different builds of Emacs on top of each other.
 Please keep the Java code indented with tabs and formatted according
 to the rules for C code in the GNU coding standards.  Always use
 C-style comments.
+
+======================================================================
+
+OVERVIEW OF JAVA
+
+Emacs developers do not know Java, and there is no reason they should
+have to.  Thus, the code in this directory is confined to what is
+strictly necessary to support Emacs, and only uses a subset of Java
+written in a way that is easily understandable to C programmers.
+
+Java is required because the entire Android runtime is based around
+Java, and there is no way to write an Android program which runs
+without Java.
+
+This text exists to prime other Emacs developers, already familar with
+C, on the basic architecture of the Android port, and to teach them
+how to read and write the Java code found in this directory.
+
+Java is an object oriented language with automatic memory management
+compiled down to bytecode, which is then subject to interpretation by
+a Java virtual machine.
+
+What that means, is that:
+
+struct emacs_window
+{
+  int some_fields;
+  int of_emacs_window;
+};
+
+static void
+do_something_with_emacs_window (struct emacs_window *a, int n)
+{
+  a->some_fields = a->of_emacs_window + n;
+}
+
+would be written:
+
+public class EmacsWindow
+{
+  public int someFields;
+  public int ofEmacsWindow;
+
+  public void
+  doSomething (int n)
+  {
+    someFields = ofEmacsWindow + n;
+  }
+}
+
+and instead of doing:
+
+do_something_with_emacs_window (my_window, 1);
+
+you say:
+
+myWindow.doSomething (1);
+
+In addition to functions associated with an object of a given class
+(such as EmacsWindow), Java also has two other kinds of functions.
+
+The first are so-called ``static'' functions (the static means
+something entirely different from what it does in C.)
+
+A static function, while still having to be defined within a class,
+can be called without any object.  Instead of the object, you write
+the name of the Java class within which it is defined.  For example,
+the following C code:
+
+int
+multiply_a_with_b_and_then_add_c (int a, int b, int c)
+{
+  return a * b + c;
+}
+
+would be:
+
+public class EmacsSomething
+{
+  public static int
+  multiplyAWithBAndThenAddC (int a, int b, int c)
+  {
+    return a * b + c;
+  }
+};
+
+Then, instead of calling:
+
+int foo;
+
+foo = multiply_a_with_b_then_add_c (1, 2, 3);
+
+you say:
+
+int foo;
+
+foo = EmacsSomething.multiplyAWithBAndThenAddC (1, 2, 3);
+
+In Java, ``static'' does not mean that the function is only used
+within its compilation unit!  Instead, the ``private'' qualifier is
+used to mean more or less the same thing:
+
+static void
+this_procedure_is_only_used_within_this_file (void)
+{
+  do_something ();
+}
+
+becomes
+
+public class EmacsSomething
+{
+  private static void
+  thisProcedureIsOnlyUsedWithinThisClass ()
+  {
+
+  }
+}
+
+the other kind are called ``constructors''.  They are functions that
+must be called to allocate memory to hold a class:
+
+public class EmacsFoo
+{
+  int bar;
+
+  public
+  EmacsFoo (int tokenA, int tokenB)
+  {
+    bar = tokenA + tokenB;
+  }
+}
+
+now, the following statement:
+
+EmacsFoo foo;
+
+foo = new EmacsFoo (1, 2);
+
+becomes more or less equivalent to the following C code:
+
+struct emacs_foo
+{
+  int bar;
+};
+
+struct emacs_foo *
+make_emacs_foo (int token_a, int token_b)
+{
+  struct emacs_foo *foo;
+
+  foo = xmalloc (sizeof *foo);
+  foo->bar = token_a + token_b;
+
+  return foo;
+}
+
+/* ... */
+
+struct emacs_foo *foo;
+
+foo = make_emacs_foo (1, 2);
+
+A class may have any number of constructors, or no constructors at
+all, in which case the compiler inserts an empty constructor.
+
+
+
+Sometimes, you will see Java code that looks like this:
+
+    allFiles = filesDirectory.listFiles (new FileFilter () {
+        @Override
+        public boolean
+        accept (File file)
+        {
+          return (!file.isDirectory ()
+                  && file.getName ().endsWith (".pdmp"));
+        }
+      });
+
+This is Java's version of GCC's nested function extension.  The major
+difference is that the nested function may still be called even after
+it goes out of scope, and always retains a reference to the class and
+local variables around where it was called.
+
+Being an object-oriented language, Java also allows defining that a
+class ``extends'' another class.  The following C code:
+
+struct a
+{
+  long thirty_two;
+};
+
+struct b
+{
+  struct a a;
+  long long sixty_four;
+};
+
+extern void do_something (struct a *);
+
+void
+my_function (struct b *b)
+{
+  do_something (&b->a);
+}
+
+is roughly equivalent to the following Java code, split into two
+files:
+
+  A.java
+
+public class A
+{
+  int thirtyTwo;
+
+  public void
+  doSomething ()
+  {
+    etcEtcEtc ();
+  }
+};
+
+  B.java
+
+public class B extends A
+{
+  long sixty_four;
+
+  public static void
+  myFunction (B b)
+  {
+    b.doSomething ();
+  }
+}
+
+the Java runtime has transformed the call to ``b.doSomething'' to
+``((A) b).doSomething''.
+
+However, Java also allows overriding this behavior, by specifying the
+@Override keyword:
+
+public class B extends A
+{
+  long sixty_four;
+
+  @Override
+  public void
+  doSomething ()
+  {
+    Something.doSomethingTwo ();
+    super.doSomething ();
+  }
+}
+
+now, any call to ``doSomething'' on a ``B'' created using ``new B ()''
+will end up calling ``Something.doSomethingTwo'', before calling back
+to ``A.doSomething''.  This override also applies in reverse; that is
+to say, even if you write:
+
+  ((A) b).doSomething ();
+
+B's version of doSomething will still be called, if ``b'' was created
+using ``new B ()''.
+
+This mechanism is used extensively throughout the Java language and
+Android windowing APIs.
+
+Elsewhere, you will encounter Java code that defines arrays:
+
+public class EmacsFrobinicator
+{
+  public static void
+  emacsFrobinicate (int something)
+  {
+    int[] primesFromSomething;
+
+    primesFromSomething = new int[numberOfPrimes];
+    /* ... */
+  }
+}
+
+Java arrays are similar to C arrays in that they can not grow.  But
+they are very much unlike C arrays in that they are always references
+(as opposed to decaying into pointers in various situations), and
+contain information about their length.
+
+If another function named ``frobinicate1'' takes an array as an
+argument, then it need not take the length of the array.
+
+Instead, it simply iterates over the array like so:
+
+int i, k;
+
+for (i = 0; i < array.length; ++i)
+  {
+    k = array[i];
+
+    Whatever.doSomethingWithK (k);
+  }
+
+The syntax used to define arrays is also slightly different.  As
+arrays are always references, there is no way for you to tell the
+runtime to allocate an array of size N in a structure (class.)
+
+Instead, if you need an array of that size, you must declare a field
+with the type of the array, and allocate the array inside the class's
+constructor, like so:
+
+public class EmacsArrayContainer
+{
+  public int[] myArray;
+
+  public
+  EmacsArrayContainer ()
+  {
+    myArray = new array[10];
+  }
+}
+
+while in C, you could just have written:
+
+struct emacs_array_container
+{
+  int my_array[10];
+};
+
+or, possibly even better,
+
+typedef int my_array[10];
+
+Alas, Java has no equivalent of `typedef'.
+
+JAVA NATIVE INTERFACE
+
+Java also provides an interface for C code to interface with Java.
+
+C functions exported from a shared library become static Java
+functions within a class, like so:
+
+public class EmacsNative
+{
+  /* Obtain the fingerprint of this build of Emacs.  The fingerprint
+     can be used to determine the dump file name.  */
+  public static native String getFingerprint ();
+
+  /* Set certain parameters before initializing Emacs.
+
+     assetManager must be the asset manager associated with the
+     context that is loading Emacs.  It is saved and remains for the
+     remainder the lifetime of the Emacs process.
+
+     filesDir must be the package's data storage location for the
+     current Android user.
+
+     libDir must be the package's data storage location for native
+     libraries.  It is used as PATH.
+
+     cacheDir must be the package's cache directory.  It is used as
+     the `temporary-file-directory'.
+
+     pixelDensityX and pixelDensityY are the DPI values that will be
+     used by Emacs.
+
+     classPath must be the classpath of this app_process process, or
+     NULL.
+
+     emacsService must be the EmacsService singleton, or NULL.  */
+  public static native void setEmacsParams (AssetManager assetManager,
+                                            String filesDir,
+                                            String libDir,
+                                            String cacheDir,
+                                            float pixelDensityX,
+                                            float pixelDensityY,
+                                            String classPath,
+                                            EmacsService emacsService);
+}
+
+Where the corresponding C functions are located in android.c, and
+loaded by the special invocation:
+
+  static
+  {
+    System.loadLibrary ("emacs");
+  };
+
+
+See http://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/19/docs/specs/jni/intro.html
+for more details.
+
+
+
+OVERVIEW OF ANDROID
+
+When the Android system starts an application, it does not actually
+call the application's ``main'' function.  It may not even start the
+application's process if one is already running.
+
+Instead, Android is organized around components.  When the user opens
+the ``Emacs'' icon, the Android system looks up and starts the
+component associated with the ``Emacs'' icon.  In this case, the
+component is called an activity, and is declared in
+the AndroidManifest.xml in this directory:
+
+    <activity android:name="org.gnu.emacs.EmacsActivity"
+              android:launchMode="singleTop"
+              android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize"
+              android:exported="true"
+              android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|screenLayout|keyboardHidden">
+      <intent-filter>
+        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
+        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+      </intent-filter>
+    </activity>
+
+This tells Android to start the activity defined in ``EmacsActivity''
+(defined in org/gnu/emacs/EmacsActivity.java), a class extending the
+Android class ``Activity''.
+
+To do so, the Android system creates an instance of ``EmacsActivity''
+and the window system window associated with it, and eventually calls:
+
+  Activity activity;
+
+  activity.onCreate (...);
+
+But which ``onCreate'' is really called?
+It is actually the ``onCreate'' defined in EmacsActivity.java, as
+it overrides the ``onCreate'' defined in Android's own Activity class:
+
+  @Override
+  public void
+  onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState)
+  {
+    FrameLayout.LayoutParams params;
+    Intent intent;
+
+Then, this is what happens step-by-step within the ``onCreate''
+function:
+
+    /* See if Emacs should be started with -Q.  */
+    intent = getIntent ();
+    EmacsService.needDashQ
+      = intent.getBooleanExtra ("org.gnu.emacs.START_DASH_Q",
+                                false);
+
+Here, Emacs obtains the intent (a request to start a component) which
+was used to start Emacs, and sets a special flag if it contains a
+request for Emacs to start with the ``-Q'' command-line argument.
+
+    /* Set the theme to one without a title bar.  */
+
+    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
+      setTheme (android.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault_NoActionBar);
+    else
+      setTheme (android.R.style.Theme_NoTitleBar);
+
+Next, Emacs sets an appropriate theme for the activity's associated
+window decorations.
+
+    params = new FrameLayout.LayoutParams (LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
+                                           LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
+
+    /* Make the frame layout.  */
+    layout = new FrameLayout (this);
+    layout.setLayoutParams (params);
+
+    /* Set it as the content view.  */
+    setContentView (layout);
+
+Then, Emacs creates a ``FrameLayout'', a widget that holds a single
+other widget, and makes it the activity's ``content view''.
+
+The activity itself is a ``FrameLayout'', so the ``layout parameters''
+here apply to the FrameLayout itself, and not its children.
+
+    /* Maybe start the Emacs service if necessary.  */
+    EmacsService.startEmacsService (this);
+
+And after that, Emacs calls the static function ``startEmacsService'',
+defined in the class ``EmacsService''.  This starts the Emacs service
+component if necessary.
+
+    /* Add this activity to the list of available activities.  */
+    EmacsWindowAttachmentManager.MANAGER.registerWindowConsumer (this);
+
+    super.onCreate (savedInstanceState);
+
+Finally, Emacs registers that this activity is now ready to receive
+top-level frames (windows) created from Lisp.
+
+Activities come and go, but Emacs has to stay running in the mean
+time.  Thus, Emacs also defines a ``service'', which is a long-running
+component that the Android system allows to run in the background.
+
+Let us go back and review the definition of ``startEmacsService'':
+
+  public static void
+  startEmacsService (Context context)
+  {
+    if (EmacsService.SERVICE == null)
+      {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
+          /* Start the Emacs service now.  */
+          context.startService (new Intent (context,
+                                            EmacsService.class));
+        else
+          /* Display the permanant notification and start Emacs as a
+             foreground service.  */
+          context.startForegroundService (new Intent (context,
+                                                      EmacsService.class));
+      }
+  }
+
+If ``EmacsService.SERVICE'' does not yet exist, what this does is to
+tell the ``context'' (the equivalent of an Xlib Display *) to start a
+service defined by the class ``EmacsService''.  Eventually, this
+results in ``EmacsService.onCreate'' being called:
+
+  @Override
+  public void
+  onCreate ()
+  {
+    AssetManager manager;
+    Context app_context;
+    String filesDir, libDir, cacheDir, classPath;
+    double pixelDensityX;
+    double pixelDensityY;
+
+Here is what this function does, step-by-step:
+
+    SERVICE = this;
+
+First, it sets the special static variable ``SERVICE'' to ``this'',
+which is a pointer to the ``EmacsService' object that was created.
+
+    handler = new Handler (Looper.getMainLooper ());
+
+Next, it creates a ``Handler'' object for the ``main looper''.
+This is a helper structure which allows executing code on the Android
+user interface thread.
+
+    manager = getAssets ();
+    app_context = getApplicationContext ();
+    metrics = getResources ().getDisplayMetrics ();
+    pixelDensityX = metrics.xdpi;
+    pixelDensityY = metrics.ydpi;
+
+Finally, it obtains:
+
+  - the asset manager, which is used to retrieve assets packaged
+    into the Emacs application package.
+
+  - the application context, used to obtain application specific
+    information.
+
+  - the display metrics, and from them, the X and Y densities in dots
+    per inch.
+
+Then, inside a ``try'' block:
+
+    try
+      {
+        /* Configure Emacs with the asset manager and other necessary
+           parameters.  */
+        filesDir = app_context.getFilesDir ().getCanonicalPath ();
+        libDir = getLibraryDirectory ();
+        cacheDir = app_context.getCacheDir ().getCanonicalPath ();
+
+It obtains the names of the Emacs home, shared library, and temporary
+file directories.
+
+        /* Now provide this application's apk file, so a recursive
+           invocation of app_process (through android-emacs) can
+           find EmacsNoninteractive.  */
+        classPath = getApkFile ();
+
+The name of the Emacs application package.
+
+        Log.d (TAG, "Initializing Emacs, where filesDir = " + filesDir
+               + ", libDir = " + libDir + ", and classPath = " + classPath);
+
+Prints a debug message to the Android system log with this
+information.
+
+        EmacsNative.setEmacsParams (manager, filesDir, libDir,
+                                    cacheDir, (float) pixelDensityX,
+                                    (float) pixelDensityY,
+                                    classPath, this);
+
+And calls the native function ``setEmacsParams'' (defined in
+android.c) to configure Emacs with this information.
+
+        /* Start the thread that runs Emacs.  */
+        thread = new EmacsThread (this, needDashQ);
+        thread.start ();
+
+Then, it allocates an ``EmacsThread'' object, and starts that thread.
+Inside that thread is where Emacs's C code runs.
+
+      }
+    catch (IOException exception)
+      {
+        EmacsNative.emacsAbort ();
+        return;
+
+And here is the purpose of the ``try'' block.  Functions related to
+file names in Java will signal errors of various types upon failure.
+
+This ``catch'' block means that the Java virtual machine will abort
+execution of the contents of the ``try'' block as soon as an error of
+type ``IOException'' is encountered, and begin executing the contents
+of the ``catch'' block.
+
+Any failure of that type here is a crash, and
+``EmacsNative.emacsAbort'' is called to quickly abort the process to
+get a useful backtrace.
+      }
+  }
+
+Now, let us look at the definition of the class ``EmacsThread'', found
+in org/gnu/emacs/EmacsThread.java:
+
+public class EmacsThread extends Thread
+{
+  /* Whether or not Emacs should be started -Q.  */
+  private boolean startDashQ;
+
+  public
+  EmacsThread (EmacsService service, boolean startDashQ)
+  {
+    super ("Emacs main thread");
+    this.startDashQ = startDashQ;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void
+  run ()
+  {
+    String args[];
+
+    if (!startDashQ)
+      args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", };
+    else
+      args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", "-Q", };
+
+    /* Run the native code now.  */
+    EmacsNative.initEmacs (args, EmacsApplication.dumpFileName);
+  }
+};
+
+The class itself defines a single field, ``startDashQ'', a constructor
+with an unused argument of the type ``EmacsService'' (which is useful
+while debugging) and a flag ``startDashQ'', and a single function
+``run'', overriding the same function in the class ``Thread''.
+
+When ``thread.start'' is called, the Java virtual machine creates a
+new thread, and then calls the function ``run'' within that thread.
+
+This function then computes a suitable argument vector, and calls
+``EmacsNative.initEmacs'' (defined in android.c), which then calls a
+modified version of the regular Emacs ``main'' function.
+
+At that point, Emacs initialization proceeds as usual:
+Vinitial_window_system is set, loadup.el calls `normal-top-level',
+which calls `command-line', and finally
+`window-system-initialization', which initializes the `android'
+terminal interface as usual.
+
+What happens here is the same as on other platforms.  Now, here is
+what happens when the initial frame is created: Fx_create_frame calls
+`android_create_frame_window' to create a top level window:
+
+static void
+android_create_frame_window (struct frame *f)
+{
+  struct android_set_window_attributes attributes;
+  enum android_window_value_mask attribute_mask;
+
+  attributes.background_pixel = FRAME_BACKGROUND_PIXEL (f);
+  attribute_mask = ANDROID_CW_BACK_PIXEL;
+
+  block_input ();
+  FRAME_ANDROID_WINDOW (f)
+    = android_create_window (FRAME_DISPLAY_INFO (f)->root_window,
+                             f->left_pos,
+                             f->top_pos,
+                             FRAME_PIXEL_WIDTH (f),
+                             FRAME_PIXEL_HEIGHT (f),
+                             attribute_mask, &attributes);
+  unblock_input ();
+}
+
+This calls the function `android_create_window' with some arguments
+whose meanings are identical to the arguments to `XCreateWindow'.
+
+Here is the definition of `android_create_window', in android.c:
+
+android_window
+android_create_window (android_window parent, int x, int y,
+                       int width, int height,
+                       enum android_window_value_mask value_mask,
+                       struct android_set_window_attributes *attrs)
+{
+  static jclass class;
+  static jmethodID constructor;
+  jobject object, parent_object, old;
+  android_window window;
+  android_handle prev_max_handle;
+  bool override_redirect;
+
+What does it do? First, some context:
+
+At any time, there can be at most 65535 Java objects referred to by
+the rest of Emacs through the Java native interface.  Each such object
+is assigned a ``handle'' (similar to an XID on X) and given a unique
+type.  The function `android_resolve_handle' returns the JNI `jobject'
+associated with a given handle.
+
+  parent_object = android_resolve_handle (parent, ANDROID_HANDLE_WINDOW);
+
+Here, it is being used to look up the `jobject' associated with the
+`parent' handle.
+
+  prev_max_handle = max_handle;
+  window = android_alloc_id ();
+
+Next, `max_handle' is saved, and a new handle is allocated for
+`window'.
+
+  if (!window)
+    error ("Out of window handles!");
+
+An error is signalled if Emacs runs out of available handles.
+
+  if (!class)
+    {
+      class = (*android_java_env)->FindClass (android_java_env,
+                                              "org/gnu/emacs/EmacsWindow");
+      assert (class != NULL);
+
+Then, if this initialization has not yet been completed, Emacs
+proceeds to find the Java class named ``EmacsWindow''.
+
+      constructor
+        = (*android_java_env)->GetMethodID (android_java_env, class, "<init>",
+                                            "(SLorg/gnu/emacs/EmacsWindow;"
+                                            "IIIIZ)V");
+      assert (constructor != NULL);
+
+And it tries to look up the constructor, which should take seven
+arguments:
+
+  S                                     - a short.  (the handle ID)
+  Lorg/gnu/Emacs/EmacsWindow;           - an instance of the EmacsWindow
+                                          class.  (the parent)
+  IIII                                  - four ints.  (the window geometry.)
+  Z                                     - a boolean.  (whether or not the
+                                          window is override-redirect; see
+                                          XChangeWindowAttributes.)
+
+      old = class;
+      class = (*android_java_env)->NewGlobalRef (android_java_env, class);
+      (*android_java_env)->ExceptionClear (android_java_env);
+      ANDROID_DELETE_LOCAL_REF (old);
+
+Next, it saves a global reference to the class and deletes the local
+reference.  Global references will never be deallocated by the Java
+virtual machine as long as they still exist.
+
+      if (!class)
+        memory_full (0);
+    }
+
+  /* N.B. that ANDROID_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT can only be set at window
+     creation time.  */
+  override_redirect = ((value_mask
+                        & ANDROID_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT)
+                       && attrs->override_redirect);
+
+  object = (*android_java_env)->NewObject (android_java_env, class,
+                                           constructor, (jshort) window,
+                                           parent_object, (jint) x, (jint) y,
+                                           (jint) width, (jint) height,
+                                           (jboolean) override_redirect);
+
+Then, it creates an instance of the ``EmacsWindow'' class with the
+appropriate arguments and previously determined constructor.
+
+  if (!object)
+    {
+      (*android_java_env)->ExceptionClear (android_java_env);
+
+      max_handle = prev_max_handle;
+      memory_full (0);
+
+If creating the object fails, Emacs clears the ``pending exception''
+and signals that it is out of memory.
+    }
+
+  android_handles[window].type = ANDROID_HANDLE_WINDOW;
+  android_handles[window].handle
+    = (*android_java_env)->NewGlobalRef (android_java_env,
+                                         object);
+  (*android_java_env)->ExceptionClear (android_java_env);
+  ANDROID_DELETE_LOCAL_REF (object);
+
+Otherwise, it associates a new global reference to the object with the
+handle, and deletes the local reference returned from the JNI
+NewObject function.
+
+  if (!android_handles[window].handle)
+    memory_full (0);
+
+If allocating the global reference fails, Emacs signals that it is out
+of memory.
+
+  android_change_window_attributes (window, value_mask, attrs);
+  return window;
+
+Otherwise, it applies the specified window attributes and returns the
+handle of the new window.
+}
diff --git a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsApplication.java b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsApplication.java
index 87085c32d62..96328b99d1c 100644
--- a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsApplication.java
+++ b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsApplication.java
@@ -22,27 +22,20 @@ package org.gnu.emacs;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileFilter;
 
+import android.content.Context;
+
 import android.app.Application;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-public class EmacsApplication extends Application implements FileFilter
+public class EmacsApplication extends Application
 {
   private static final String TAG = "EmacsApplication";
 
   /* The name of the dump file to use.  */
   public static String dumpFileName;
 
-  @Override
-  public boolean
-  accept (File file)
-  {
-    return (!file.isDirectory ()
-            && file.getName ().endsWith (".pdmp"));
-  }
-
-  @Override
-  public void
-  onCreate ()
+  public static void
+  findDumpFile (Context context)
   {
     File filesDirectory;
     File[] allFiles;
@@ -52,13 +45,19 @@ public class EmacsApplication extends Application implements FileFilter
     wantedDumpFile = ("emacs-" + EmacsNative.getFingerprint ()
                       + ".pdmp");
 
-    Log.d (TAG, "onCreate: looking for " + wantedDumpFile);
-
     /* Obtain a list of all files ending with ``.pdmp''.  Then, look
        for a file named ``emacs-<fingerprint>.pdmp'' and delete the
        rest.  */
-    filesDirectory = getFilesDir ();
-    allFiles = filesDirectory.listFiles (this);
+    filesDirectory = context.getFilesDir ();
+    allFiles = filesDirectory.listFiles (new FileFilter () {
+        @Override
+        public boolean
+        accept (File file)
+        {
+          return (!file.isDirectory ()
+                  && file.getName ().endsWith (".pdmp"));
+        }
+      });
 
     /* Now try to find the right dump file.  */
     for (i = 0; i < allFiles.length; ++i)
@@ -69,9 +68,13 @@ public class EmacsApplication extends Application implements FileFilter
           /* Delete this outdated dump file.  */
           allFiles[i].delete ();
       }
+  }
 
-    Log.d (TAG, "onCreate: found " + dumpFileName);
-
+  @Override
+  public void
+  onCreate ()
+  {
+    findDumpFile (this);
     super.onCreate ();
   }
 };
diff --git a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNative.java b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNative.java
index 9636561a524..a772b965301 100644
--- a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNative.java
+++ b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNative.java
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ public class EmacsNative
      can be used to determine the dump file name.  */
   public static native String getFingerprint ();
 
-  /* Set certain parameters before initializing Emacs.  This proves
-     that libemacs.so is being loaded from Java code.
+  /* Set certain parameters before initializing Emacs.
 
      assetManager must be the asset manager associated with the
      context that is loading Emacs.  It is saved and remains for the
@@ -48,19 +47,26 @@ public class EmacsNative
      pixelDensityX and pixelDensityY are the DPI values that will be
      used by Emacs.
 
-     emacsService must be the emacsService singleton.  */
+     classPath must be the classpath of this app_process process, or
+     NULL.
+
+     emacsService must be the EmacsService singleton, or NULL.  */
   public static native void setEmacsParams (AssetManager assetManager,
                                             String filesDir,
                                             String libDir,
                                             String cacheDir,
                                             float pixelDensityX,
                                             float pixelDensityY,
+                                            String classPath,
                                             EmacsService emacsService);
 
   /* Initialize Emacs with the argument array ARGV.  Each argument
      must contain a NULL terminated string, or else the behavior is
-     undefined.  */
-  public static native void initEmacs (String argv[]);
+     undefined.
+
+     DUMPFILE is the dump file to use, or NULL if Emacs is to load
+     loadup.el itself.  */
+  public static native void initEmacs (String argv[], String dumpFile);
 
   /* Abort and generate a native core dump.  */
   public static native void emacsAbort ();
diff --git a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNoninteractive.java b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNoninteractive.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3aefee5e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsNoninteractive.java
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/* Communication module for Android terminals.  -*- c-file-style: "GNU" -*-
+
+Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+your option) any later version.
+
+GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+package org.gnu.emacs;
+
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Build;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.res.AssetManager;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+/* Noninteractive Emacs.
+
+   This is the class that libandroid-emacs.so starts.
+   libandroid-emacs.so figures out the system classpath, then starts
+   dalvikvm with the framework jars.
+
+   At that point, dalvikvm calls main, which sets up the main looper,
+   creates an ActivityThread and attaches it to the main thread.
+
+   Then, it obtains an application context for the LoadedApk in the
+   application thread.
+
+   Finally, it obtains the necessary context specific objects and
+   initializes Emacs.  */
+
+@SuppressWarnings ("unchecked")
+public class EmacsNoninteractive
+{
+  private static String
+  getLibraryDirectory (Context context)
+  {
+    int apiLevel;
+
+    apiLevel = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
+
+    if (apiLevel >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD)
+      return context.getApplicationInfo().nativeLibraryDir;
+    else if (apiLevel >= Build.VERSION_CODES.DONUT)
+      return context.getApplicationInfo().dataDir + "/lib";
+
+    return "/data/data/" + context.getPackageName() + "/lib";
+  }
+
+  public static void
+  main (String[] args)
+  {
+    Object activityThread, loadedApk;
+    Class activityThreadClass, loadedApkClass, contextImplClass;
+    Class compatibilityInfoClass;
+    Method method;
+    Context context;
+    AssetManager assets;
+    String filesDir, libDir, cacheDir;
+
+    Looper.prepare ();
+    context = null;
+    assets = null;
+    filesDir = libDir = cacheDir = null;
+
+    try
+      {
+        /* Get the activity thread.  */
+        activityThreadClass = Class.forName ("android.app.ActivityThread");
+
+        /* Get the systemMain method.  */
+        method = activityThreadClass.getMethod ("systemMain");
+
+        /* Create and attach the activity thread.  */
+        activityThread = method.invoke (null);
+
+        /* Now get an LoadedApk.  */
+        loadedApkClass = Class.forName ("android.app.LoadedApk");
+
+        /* Get a LoadedApk.  How to do this varies by Android version.
+           On Android 2.3.3 and earlier, there is no
+           ``compatibilityInfo'' argument to getPackageInfo.  */
+
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD)
+          {
+            method
+              = activityThreadClass.getMethod ("getPackageInfo",
+                                               String.class,
+                                               int.class);
+            loadedApk = method.invoke (activityThread, "org.gnu.emacs",
+                                       0);
+          }
+        else
+          {
+            compatibilityInfoClass
+              = Class.forName ("android.content.res.CompatibilityInfo");
+
+            method
+              = activityThreadClass.getMethod ("getPackageInfo",
+                                               String.class,
+                                               compatibilityInfoClass,
+                                               int.class);
+            loadedApk = method.invoke (activityThread, "org.gnu.emacs", null,
+                                       0);
+          }
+
+        if (loadedApk == null)
+          throw new RuntimeException ("getPackageInfo returned NULL");
+
+        /* Now, get a context.  */
+        contextImplClass = Class.forName ("android.app.ContextImpl");
+        method = contextImplClass.getDeclaredMethod ("createAppContext",
+                                                     activityThreadClass,
+                                                     loadedApkClass);
+        method.setAccessible (true);
+        context = (Context) method.invoke (null, activityThread, loadedApk);
+
+        /* Don't actually start the looper or anything.  Instead, obtain
+           an AssetManager.  */
+        assets = context.getAssets ();
+
+        /* Now configure Emacs.  The class path should already be set.  */
+
+        filesDir = context.getFilesDir ().getCanonicalPath ();
+        libDir = getLibraryDirectory (context);
+        cacheDir = context.getCacheDir ().getCanonicalPath ();
+      }
+    catch (Exception e)
+      {
+        System.err.println ("Internal error: " + e);
+        System.err.println ("This means that the Android platform changed,");
+        System.err.println ("and that Emacs needs adjustments in order to");
+        System.err.println ("obtain required system internal resources.");
+        System.err.println ("Please report this bug to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.");
+
+        System.exit (1);
+      }
+
+    EmacsNative.setEmacsParams (assets, filesDir,
+                                libDir, cacheDir, 0.0f,
+                                0.0f, null, null);
+
+    /* Now find the dump file that Emacs should use, if it has already
+       been dumped.  */
+    EmacsApplication.findDumpFile (context);
+
+    /* Start Emacs.  */
+    EmacsNative.initEmacs (args, EmacsApplication.dumpFileName);
+  }
+};
diff --git a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsService.java b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsService.java
index 4db1ea5359f..91db76b08e3 100644
--- a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsService.java
+++ b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsService.java
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ import android.app.Service;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager.ApplicationInfoFlags;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.content.res.AssetManager;
 
 import android.net.Uri;
@@ -118,8 +121,38 @@ public class EmacsService extends Service
     return null;
   }
 
+  @SuppressWarnings ("deprecation")
+  private String
+  getApkFile ()
+  {
+    PackageManager manager;
+    ApplicationInfo info;
+
+    manager = getPackageManager ();
+
+    try
+      {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+          info = manager.getApplicationInfo ("org.gnu.emacs", 0);
+        else
+          info = manager.getApplicationInfo ("org.gnu.emacs",
+                                             ApplicationInfoFlags.of (0));
+
+        /* Return an empty string upon failure.  */
+
+        if (info.sourceDir != null)
+          return info.sourceDir;
+
+        return "";
+      }
+    catch (Exception e)
+      {
+        return "";
+      }
+  }
+
   @TargetApi (Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD)
-  String
+  private String
   getLibraryDirectory ()
   {
     int apiLevel;
@@ -142,7 +175,7 @@ public class EmacsService extends Service
   {
     AssetManager manager;
     Context app_context;
-    String filesDir, libDir, cacheDir;
+    String filesDir, libDir, cacheDir, classPath;
     double pixelDensityX;
     double pixelDensityY;
 
@@ -162,13 +195,18 @@ public class EmacsService extends Service
         libDir = getLibraryDirectory ();
         cacheDir = app_context.getCacheDir ().getCanonicalPath ();
 
+        /* Now provide this application's apk file, so a recursive
+           invocation of app_process (through android-emacs) can
+           find EmacsNoninteractive.  */
+        classPath = getApkFile ();
+
         Log.d (TAG, "Initializing Emacs, where filesDir = " + filesDir
-               + " and libDir = " + libDir);
+               + ", libDir = " + libDir + ", and classPath = " + classPath);
 
         EmacsNative.setEmacsParams (manager, filesDir, libDir,
                                     cacheDir, (float) pixelDensityX,
                                     (float) pixelDensityY,
-                                    this);
+                                    classPath, this);
 
         /* Start the thread that runs Emacs.  */
         thread = new EmacsThread (this, needDashQ);
@@ -491,8 +529,6 @@ public class EmacsService extends Service
   public static void
   startEmacsService (Context context)
   {
-    PendingIntent intent;
-
     if (EmacsService.SERVICE == null)
       {
         if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
diff --git a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsThread.java b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsThread.java
index 5b76d11db4b..f5e9d54044a 100644
--- a/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsThread.java
+++ b/java/org/gnu/emacs/EmacsThread.java
@@ -33,30 +33,18 @@ public class EmacsThread extends Thread
     this.startDashQ = startDashQ;
   }
 
+  @Override
   public void
   run ()
   {
     String args[];
 
-    if (EmacsApplication.dumpFileName == null)
-      {
-        if (!startDashQ)
-          args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", };
-        else
-          args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", "-Q", };
-      }
+    if (!startDashQ)
+      args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", };
     else
-      {
-        if (!startDashQ)
-          args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", "--dump-file",
-                                EmacsApplication.dumpFileName, };
-        else
-          args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", "-Q",
-                                "--dump-file",
-                                EmacsApplication.dumpFileName, };
-      }
+      args = new String[] { "libandroid-emacs.so", "-Q", };
 
     /* Run the native code now.  */
-    EmacsNative.initEmacs (args);
+    EmacsNative.initEmacs (args, EmacsApplication.dumpFileName);
   }
 };