* src/Makefile.in: Use $(...) everywhere instead of ${...}

2 files changed, 170 insertions, 168 deletions

diff --git a/src/ChangeLog b/src/ChangeLog
index 78f28189ffe..b6cc2319406 100644
--- a/src/ChangeLog
+++ b/src/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 2010-10-10  Dan Nicolaescu  <dann@ics.uci.edu>
 
+        * Makefile.in: Use $(...) everywhere instead of ${...}
+
         * sysdep.c (LPASS8): Remove, unused.
         (emacs_ospeed): Change from being a global to a local in the only
         user: init_baud_rate.
diff --git a/src/Makefile.in b/src/Makefile.in
index 4295fe8f70c..d8728927182 100644
--- a/src/Makefile.in
+++ b/src/Makefile.in
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ version = @version@
 # LIBS = @LIBS@
 LIBOBJS = @LIBOBJS@
 
-lispsource = ${srcdir}/../lisp/
+lispsource = $(srcdir)/../lisp/
 libsrc = ../lib-src/
 etc = ../etc/
 oldXMenudir = ../oldXMenu/
@@ -54,18 +54,18 @@ lwlibdir = ../lwlib/
 lispdir = ../lisp/
 
 # Configuration files for .o files to depend on.
-M_FILE = ${srcdir}/@machfile@
-S_FILE = ${srcdir}/@opsysfile@
+M_FILE = $(srcdir)/@machfile@
+S_FILE = $(srcdir)/@opsysfile@
 config_h = config.h $(M_FILE) $(S_FILE)
 
-bootstrap_exe = ${abs_builddir}/bootstrap-emacs${EXEEXT}
+bootstrap_exe = $(abs_builddir)/bootstrap-emacs$(EXEEXT)
 
 ## ns-app if HAVE_NS, else empty.
 OTHER_FILES = @OTHER_FILES@
 
+## Flags to pass for profiling builds
 CRT_DIR=@CRT_DIR@
 
-## Flags to pass for profiling builds
 PROFILING_CFLAGS = @PROFILING_CFLAGS@
 PROFILING_LDFLAGS = @PROFILING_LDFLAGS@
 
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ LIBXT_OTHER=@LIBXT_OTHER@
 OLDXMENU_TARGET=@OLDXMENU_TARGET@
 
 ## If !HAVE_X11 || USE_GTK, empty.
-## Else if USE_X_TOOLKIT, ${lwlibdir}liblw.a.
-## Else ${oldXMenudir}libXMenu11.a.
+## Else if USE_X_TOOLKIT, $(lwlibdir)liblw.a.
+## Else $(oldxmenudir)libXMenu11.a.
 ## (Actually, rather than being empty, it is set to "nothing".
 ## It is never actually used for anything in this case.
 ## This is done because there is a rule with target $(OLDXMENU) below,
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ OLDXMENU_TARGET=@OLDXMENU_TARGET@
 ## The alternative would be to put that rule in a makefile fragment.)
 OLDXMENU=@OLDXMENU@
 
-## If HAVE_X11 && !USE_GTK, ${OLDXMENU} ../src/${OLDXMENU}; else empty.
+## If HAVE_X11 && !USE_GTK, $(OLDXMENU) ../src/$(OLDXMENU); else empty.
 ## We use stamp-xmenu with these two deps to both ensure that lwlib
 ## gets remade based on its dependencies in its own makefile,
 ## and remake temacs if lwlib gets changed by this. 
@@ -238,9 +238,9 @@ CYGWIN_OBJ=@CYGWIN_OBJ@
 MSDOS_OBJ =
 ## w16select.o termcap.o if MSDOS && HAVE_X_WINDOWS.
 MSDOS_X_OBJ =
-MSDOS_SUPPORT_REAL = ${lispsource}ls-lisp.elc ${lispsource}disp-table.elc \
- ${lispsource}dos-fns.elc ${lispsource}dos-w32.elc ${lispsource}dos-vars.elc \
- ${lispsource}term/internal.elc ${lispsource}term/pc-win.elc
+MSDOS_SUPPORT_REAL = $(lispsource)ls-lisp.elc $(lispsource)disp-table.elc \
+ $(lispsource)dos-fns.elc $(lispsource)dos-w32.elc $(lispsource)dos-vars.elc \
+ $(lispsource)term/internal.elc $(lispsource)term/pc-win.elc
 ## $MSDOS_SUPPORT_REAL if MSDOS.
 MSDOS_SUPPORT = 
 
@@ -259,23 +259,23 @@ GNU_OBJC_CFLAGS=@GNU_OBJC_CFLAGS@
 FONT_OBJ=@FONT_OBJ@
 
 ## Used if HAVE_MOUSE.
-REAL_MOUSE_SUPPORT=${lispsource}mouse.elc ${lispsource}select.elc \
-  ${lispsource}scroll-bar.elc
+REAL_MOUSE_SUPPORT=$(lispsource)mouse.elc $(lispsource)select.elc \
+  $(lispsource)scroll-bar.elc
 ## Used if HAVE_GPM && !HAVE_MOUSE
-GPM_MOUSE_SUPPORT=${lispsource}mouse.elc
+GPM_MOUSE_SUPPORT=$(lispsource)mouse.elc
 LIBGPM = @LIBGPM@
 ## Either of the two preceding options, or empty.
 MOUSE_SUPPORT=@MOUSE_SUPPORT@
 
-## ${lispsource}tooltip.elc if HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM, else empty.
+## $(lispsource)tooltip.elc if HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM, else empty.
 TOOLTIP_SUPPORT=@TOOLTIP_SUPPORT@
 
-BASE_WINDOW_SUPPORT=${lispsource}fringe.elc ${lispsource}image.elc \
-  ${lispsource}international/fontset.elc ${lispsource}dnd.elc \
-  ${lispsource}tool-bar.elc ${lispsource}mwheel.elc
+BASE_WINDOW_SUPPORT=$(lispsource)fringe.elc $(lispsource)image.elc \
+  $(lispsource)international/fontset.elc $(lispsource)dnd.elc \
+  $(lispsource)tool-bar.elc $(lispsource)mwheel.elc
 
-X_WINDOW_SUPPORT=${lispsource}x-dnd.elc ${lispsource}term/common-win.elc \
-  ${lispsource}term/x-win.elc ${lispsource}dynamic-setting.elc
+X_WINDOW_SUPPORT=$(lispsource)x-dnd.elc $(lispsource)term/common-win.elc \
+  $(lispsource)term/x-win.elc $(lispsource)dynamic-setting.elc
 
 ## If HAVE_X_WINDOWS, both the above
 ## else if HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM (ie, HAVE_NS) just the former; else empty.
@@ -302,9 +302,9 @@ UNEXEC_OBJ = @UNEXEC_OBJ@
 CANNOT_DUMP=@CANNOT_DUMP@
 
 DEPDIR=deps
-## -MMD -MF ${DEPDIR}/$*.d if AUTO_DEPEND; else empty.
+## -MMD -MF $(DEPDIR)/$*.d if AUTO_DEPEND; else empty.
 DEPFLAGS=@DEPFLAGS@
-## test -d ${DEPDIR} || mkdir ${DEPDIR} (if AUTO_DEPEND); else ':'.
+## test -d $(DEPDIR) || mkdir $(DEPDIR) (if AUTO_DEPEND); else ':'.
 MKDEPDIR=@MKDEPDIR@
 
 ## DO NOT use -R.  There is a special hack described in lastfile.c
@@ -322,14 +322,14 @@ MKDEPDIR=@MKDEPDIR@
 ## since it may have -I options that should override those.
 ##
 ## FIXME? MYCPPFLAGS only referenced in etc/DEBUG.
-ALL_CFLAGS=-Demacs -DHAVE_CONFIG_H $(MYCPPFLAGS) -I. -I${srcdir} \
-  ${C_SWITCH_MACHINE} ${C_SWITCH_SYSTEM} ${C_SWITCH_X_SITE} \
-  ${C_SWITCH_X_SYSTEM} ${CFLAGS_SOUND} ${RSVG_CFLAGS} ${IMAGEMAGICK_CFLAGS} \
-  ${LIBXML2_CFLAGS} ${DBUS_CFLAGS} \
-  ${GCONF_CFLAGS} ${FREETYPE_CFLAGS} ${FONTCONFIG_CFLAGS} \
-  ${LIBOTF_CFLAGS} ${M17N_FLT_CFLAGS} ${DEPFLAGS} ${PROFILING_CFLAGS} \
+ALL_CFLAGS=-Demacs -DHAVE_CONFIG_H $(MYCPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir) \
+  $(C_SWITCH_MACHINE) $(C_SWITCH_SYSTEM) $(C_SWITCH_X_SITE) \
+  $(C_SWITCH_X_SYSTEM) $(CFLAGS_SOUND) $(RSVG_CFLAGS) $(IMAGEMAGICK_CFLAGS) \
+  $(LIBXML2_CFLAGS) $(DBUS_CFLAGS) \
+  $(GCONF_CFLAGS) $(FREETYPE_CFLAGS) $(FONTCONFIG_CFLAGS) \
+  $(LIBOTF_CFLAGS) $(M17N_FLT_CFLAGS) $(DEPFLAGS) $(PROFILING_CFLAGS) \
   $(LIBGNUTLS_CFLAGS) \
-  ${C_WARNINGS_SWITCH} ${CFLAGS}
+  $(C_WARNINGS_SWITCH) $(CFLAGS)
 ALL_OBJC_CFLAGS=$(ALL_CFLAGS) $(GNU_OBJC_CFLAGS)
 
 .SUFFIXES: .m
@@ -400,93 +400,93 @@ otherobj= $(TERMCAP_OBJ) $(PRE_ALLOC_OBJ) $(GMALLOC_OBJ) $(RALLOC_OBJ) \
 ## Place loaddefs.el first, so it gets generated first, since it is on
 ## the critical path (relevant in parallel compilations).
 lisp= \
-        ${lispsource}loaddefs.el \
-        ${lispsource}abbrev.elc \
-        ${lispsource}buff-menu.elc \
-        ${lispsource}button.elc \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/byte-run.elc \
-        ${lispsource}composite.elc \
-        ${lispsource}cus-face.elc \
-        ${lispsource}cus-start.elc \
-        ${lispsource}custom.elc \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/backquote.elc \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/lisp-mode.elc \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/lisp.elc \
-        ${lispsource}env.elc \
-        ${lispsource}faces.elc \
-        ${lispsource}files.elc \
-        ${lispsource}format.elc \
-        ${lispsource}facemenu.elc \
-        ${MOUSE_SUPPORT} \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/float-sup.elc \
-        ${lispsource}frame.elc \
-        ${lispsource}help.elc \
-        ${lispsource}indent.elc \
-        ${lispsource}isearch.elc \
-        ${lispsource}rfn-eshadow.elc \
-        ${lispsource}loadup.el \
-        ${lispsource}bindings.elc \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/map-ynp.elc \
-        ${lispsource}menu-bar.elc \
-        ${lispsource}international/mule.elc \
-        ${lispsource}international/mule-conf.elc \
-        ${lispsource}international/mule-cmds.elc \
-        ${lispsource}international/characters.elc \
-        ${lispsource}international/charprop.el \
-        ${lispsource}case-table.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/chinese.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/cyrillic.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/indian.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/sinhala.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/english.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/ethiopic.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/european.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/czech.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/slovak.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/romanian.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/greek.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/hebrew.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/japanese.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/korean.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/lao.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/cham.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/tai-viet.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/thai.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/tibetan.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/vietnamese.elc \
-        ${lispsource}language/misc-lang.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/utf-8-lang.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/georgian.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/khmer.el \
-        ${lispsource}language/burmese.el \
-        ${lispsource}paths.el \
-        ${lispsource}register.elc \
-        ${lispsource}replace.elc \
-        ${lispsource}simple.elc \
-        ${lispsource}minibuffer.elc \
-        ${lispsource}startup.elc \
-        ${lispsource}subr.elc \
-        ${lispsource}term/tty-colors.elc \
-        ${lispsource}font-core.elc \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/syntax.elc \
-        ${lispsource}font-lock.elc \
-        ${lispsource}jit-lock.elc \
-        ${lispsource}textmodes/fill.elc \
-        ${lispsource}textmodes/page.elc \
-        ${lispsource}textmodes/paragraphs.elc \
-        ${lispsource}textmodes/text-mode.elc \
-        ${lispsource}emacs-lisp/timer.elc \
-        ${lispsource}jka-cmpr-hook.elc \
-        ${lispsource}vc/vc-hooks.elc \
-        ${lispsource}vc/ediff-hook.elc \
-        ${lispsource}epa-hook.elc \
-        ${TOOLTIP_SUPPORT} \
-        ${MSDOS_SUPPORT} \
-        ${WINDOW_SUPPORT} \
-        ${NS_SUPPORT} \
-        ${lispsource}widget.elc \
-        ${lispsource}window.elc \
-        ${lispsource}version.el
+        $(lispsource)loaddefs.el \
+        $(lispsource)abbrev.elc \
+        $(lispsource)buff-menu.elc \
+        $(lispsource)button.elc \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/byte-run.elc \
+        $(lispsource)composite.elc \
+        $(lispsource)cus-face.elc \
+        $(lispsource)cus-start.elc \
+        $(lispsource)custom.elc \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/backquote.elc \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/lisp-mode.elc \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/lisp.elc \
+        $(lispsource)env.elc \
+        $(lispsource)faces.elc \
+        $(lispsource)files.elc \
+        $(lispsource)format.elc \
+        $(lispsource)facemenu.elc \
+        $(MOUSE_SUPPORT) \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/float-sup.elc \
+        $(lispsource)frame.elc \
+        $(lispsource)help.elc \
+        $(lispsource)indent.elc \
+        $(lispsource)isearch.elc \
+        $(lispsource)rfn-eshadow.elc \
+        $(lispsource)loadup.el \
+        $(lispsource)bindings.elc \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/map-ynp.elc \
+        $(lispsource)menu-bar.elc \
+        $(lispsource)international/mule.elc \
+        $(lispsource)international/mule-conf.elc \
+        $(lispsource)international/mule-cmds.elc \
+        $(lispsource)international/characters.elc \
+        $(lispsource)international/charprop.el \
+        $(lispsource)case-table.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/chinese.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/cyrillic.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/indian.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/sinhala.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/english.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/ethiopic.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/european.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/czech.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/slovak.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/romanian.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/greek.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/hebrew.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/japanese.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/korean.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/lao.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/cham.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/tai-viet.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/thai.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/tibetan.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/vietnamese.elc \
+        $(lispsource)language/misc-lang.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/utf-8-lang.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/georgian.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/khmer.el \
+        $(lispsource)language/burmese.el \
+        $(lispsource)paths.el \
+        $(lispsource)register.elc \
+        $(lispsource)replace.elc \
+        $(lispsource)simple.elc \
+        $(lispsource)minibuffer.elc \
+        $(lispsource)startup.elc \
+        $(lispsource)subr.elc \
+        $(lispsource)term/tty-colors.elc \
+        $(lispsource)font-core.elc \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/syntax.elc \
+        $(lispsource)font-lock.elc \
+        $(lispsource)jit-lock.elc \
+        $(lispsource)textmodes/fill.elc \
+        $(lispsource)textmodes/page.elc \
+        $(lispsource)textmodes/paragraphs.elc \
+        $(lispsource)textmodes/text-mode.elc \
+        $(lispsource)emacs-lisp/timer.elc \
+        $(lispsource)jka-cmpr-hook.elc \
+        $(lispsource)vc/vc-hooks.elc \
+        $(lispsource)vc/ediff-hook.elc \
+        $(lispsource)epa-hook.elc \
+        $(TOOLTIP_SUPPORT) \
+        $(MSDOS_SUPPORT) \
+        $(WINDOW_SUPPORT) \
+        $(NS_SUPPORT) \
+        $(lispsource)widget.elc \
+        $(lispsource)window.elc \
+        $(lispsource)version.el
 
 ## List of relative names for those files from $lisp that are loaded
 ## unconditionally (i.e. on all platforms).  Files from $lisp that
@@ -601,80 +601,80 @@ SOME_MACHINE_LISP = ../lisp/mouse.elc \
 ## duplicated symbols.  If the standard libraries were compiled
 ## with GCC, we might need LIB_GCC again after them.
 LIBES = $(LIBS) $(LIBX_BASE) $(LIBX_OTHER) $(LIBSOUND) \
-   $(RSVG_LIBS) ${IMAGEMAGICK_LIBS} $(DBUS_LIBS) \
-   ${LIBXML2_LIBS} $(LIBGPM) $(LIBRESOLV) $(LIBS_SYSTEM) \
-   $(LIBS_TERMCAP) $(GETLOADAVG_LIBS) ${GCONF_LIBS} ${LIBSELINUX_LIBS} \
+   $(RSVG_LIBS) $(IMAGEMAGICK_LIBS) $(DBUS_LIBS) \
+   $(LIBXML2_LIBS) $(LIBGPM) $(LIBRESOLV) $(LIBS_SYSTEM) \
+   $(LIBS_TERMCAP) $(GETLOADAVG_LIBS) $(GCONF_LIBS) $(LIBSELINUX_LIBS) \
    $(FREETYPE_LIBS) $(FONTCONFIG_LIBS) $(LIBOTF_LIBS) $(M17N_FLT_LIBS) \
    $(LIBGNUTLS_LIBS) \
    $(LIB_GCC) $(LIB_MATH) $(LIB_STANDARD) $(LIB_GCC)
 
-all: emacs${EXEEXT} $(OTHER_FILES)
+all: emacs$(EXEEXT) $(OTHER_FILES)
 
 ## Does anyone ever pay attention to the load-path-shadows output here?
 ## The dumped Emacs is as functional and more efficient than
 ## bootstrap-emacs, so we replace the latter with the former.
-emacs${EXEEXT}: temacs${EXEEXT} ${etc}DOC ${lisp}
-        if test "${CANNOT_DUMP}" = "yes"; then \
-          ln -f temacs${EXEEXT} emacs${EXEEXT}; \
-          EMACSLOADPATH=${lispsource} ./emacs -q -batch \
+emacs$(EXEEXT): temacs$(EXEEXT) $(etc)DOC $(lisp)
+        if test "$(CANNOT_DUMP)" = "yes"; then \
+          ln -f temacs$(EXEEXT) emacs$(EXEEXT); \
+          EMACSLOADPATH=$(lispsource) ./emacs -q -batch \
             -f list-load-path-shadows || true; \
         else \
           LC_ALL=C $(RUN_TEMACS) -batch -l loadup dump || exit 1; \
-          ln -f emacs${EXEEXT} bootstrap-emacs${EXEEXT}; \
+          ln -f emacs$(EXEEXT) bootstrap-emacs$(EXEEXT); \
           ./emacs -q -batch -f list-load-path-shadows || true; \
         fi
 
 ## We run make-docfile twice because the command line may get too long
 ## on some systems.
-## ${SOME_MACHINE_OBJECTS} comes before ${obj} because some files may
-## or may not be included in ${obj}, but they are always included in
-## ${SOME_MACHINE_OBJECTS}.  Since a file is processed when it is mentioned
+## $(SOME_MACHINE_OBJECTS) comes before $(obj) because some files may
+## or may not be included in $(obj), but they are always included in
+## $(SOME_MACHINE_OBJECTS).  Since a file is processed when it is mentioned
 ## for the first time, this prevents any variation between configurations
 ## in the contents of the DOC file.
-## Likewise for ${SOME_MACHINE_LISP}.
-## Most of this Makefile refers to Lisp files via ${lispsource}, so
-## we also use ${lisp} rather than ${shortlisp} for the dependency since
+## Likewise for $(SOME_MACHINE_LISP).
+## Most of this Makefile refers to Lisp files via $(lispsource), so
+## we also use $(lisp) rather than $(shortlisp) for the dependency since
 ## the Makefile uses string equality to decide when we talk about identical
-## files.  Apparently we pass ${shortlisp} rather than ${lisp} to make-docfile
+## files.  Apparently we pass $(shortlisp) rather than $(lisp) to make-docfile
 ## only in order to reduce the command line length.  --Stef
-${etc}DOC: ${libsrc}make-docfile${EXEEXT} ${obj} ${lisp} ${SOME_MACHINE_LISP}
-        -rm -f ${etc}DOC
-        ${libsrc}make-docfile -d ${srcdir} ${SOME_MACHINE_OBJECTS} ${obj} > ${etc}DOC
-        ${libsrc}make-docfile -a ${etc}DOC -d ${srcdir} ${SOME_MACHINE_LISP} ${shortlisp}
+$(etc)DOC: $(libsrc)make-docfile$(EXEEXT) $(obj) $(lisp) $(SOME_MACHINE_LISP)
+        -rm -f $(etc)DOC
+        $(libsrc)make-docfile -d $(srcdir) $(SOME_MACHINE_OBJECTS) $(obj) > $(etc)DOC
+        $(libsrc)make-docfile -a $(etc)DOC -d $(srcdir) $(SOME_MACHINE_LISP) $(shortlisp)
 
-${libsrc}make-docfile${EXEEXT}:
-        cd ${libsrc}; ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} make-docfile${EXEEXT}
+$(libsrc)make-docfile$(EXEEXT):
+        cd $(libsrc); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) make-docfile$(EXEEXT)
 
 buildobj.h: Makefile
-        echo "#define BUILDOBJ \"${obj} ${otherobj} " "\"" > buildobj.h
+        echo "#define BUILDOBJ \"$(obj) $(otherobj) " "\"" > buildobj.h
 
 
-temacs${EXEEXT}: $(START_FILES) stamp-oldxmenu ${obj} ${otherobj}
-        $(CC) $(LD_FIRSTFLAG) ${TEMACS_LDFLAGS} ${TEMACS_LDFLAGS2} \
-          -o temacs ${START_FILES} ${obj} ${otherobj} ${LIBES}
+temacs$(EXEEXT): $(START_FILES) stamp-oldxmenu $(obj) $(otherobj)
+        $(CC) $(LD_FIRSTFLAG) $(TEMACS_LDFLAGS) $(TEMACS_LDFLAGS2) \
+          -o temacs $(START_FILES) $(obj) $(otherobj) $(LIBES)
 
 ## The following oldxmenu-related rules are only (possibly) used if
 ## HAVE_X11 && !USE_GTK, but there is no harm in always defining them
 ## (provided we take a little care that OLDXMENU is never empty).
 really-lwlib:
-        cd ${lwlibdir}; ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} \
-    CC='${CC}' CFLAGS='${CFLAGS}' MAKE='${MAKE}'
+        cd $(lwlibdir); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) \
+    CC='$(CC)' CFLAGS='$(CFLAGS)' MAKE='$(MAKE)'
         @true  # make -t should not create really-lwlib.
 .PHONY: really-lwlib
 
 really-oldXMenu:
-        cd ${oldXMenudir}; ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} \
-    CC='${CC}' CFLAGS='${CFLAGS}' MAKE='${MAKE}'
+        cd $(oldxmenudir); $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) \
+    CC='$(CC)' CFLAGS='$(CFLAGS)' MAKE='$(MAKE)'
         @true  # make -t should not create really-oldXMenu.
 .PHONY: really-oldXMenu
 
 ## We do not really need this when OLDXMENU_DEPS is empty, but as
 ## things stand we need something to satisfy the temacs dependency.
-stamp-oldxmenu: ${OLDXMENU_DEPS}
+stamp-oldxmenu: $(OLDXMENU_DEPS)
         touch stamp-oldxmenu
 
 ## Supply an ordering for parallel make.
-../src/$(OLDXMENU): ${OLDXMENU}
+../src/$(OLDXMENU): $(OLDXMENU)
 
 $(OLDXMENU): $(OLDXMENU_TARGET)
 
@@ -696,14 +696,14 @@ doc.o: buildobj.h
 
 
 mostlyclean:
-        rm -f temacs${EXEEXT} core *.core \#* *.o libXMenu11.a liblw.a
+        rm -f temacs$(EXEEXT) core *.core \#* *.o libXMenu11.a liblw.a
         rm -f ../etc/DOC
-        rm -f bootstrap-emacs${EXEEXT} emacs-${version}${EXEEXT}
+        rm -f bootstrap-emacs$(EXEEXT) emacs-$(version)$(EXEEXT)
         rm -f buildobj.h
 clean: mostlyclean
-        rm -f emacs-*.*.*${EXEEXT} emacs${EXEEXT}
-        -rm -rf ${DEPDIR}
-        test "X${ns_appdir}" = "X" || rm -rf ${ns_appdir}
+        rm -f emacs-*.*.*$(EXEEXT) emacs$(EXEEXT)
+        -rm -rf $(DEPDIR)
+        test "X$(ns_appdir)" = "X" || rm -rf $(ns_appdir)
 
 ## bootstrap-clean is used to clean up just before a bootstrap.
 ## It should remove all files generated during a compilation/bootstrap,
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ bootstrap-clean: clean
         rm -f epaths.h config.h config.stamp stamp-oldxmenu ../etc/DOC-*
         if test -f ./.gdbinit; then \
           mv ./.gdbinit ./.gdbinit.save; \
-          if test -f "${srcdir}/.gdbinit"; then rm -f ./.gdbinit.save; \
+          if test -f "$(srcdir)/.gdbinit"; then rm -f ./.gdbinit.save; \
           else mv ./.gdbinit.save ./.gdbinit; fi; \
         fi
 ## This is used in making a distribution.
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ maintainer-clean: distclean
         @echo "it deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild."
         rm -f TAGS
 versionclean:
-        -rm -f emacs${EXEEXT} emacs-*.*.*${EXEEXT} ../etc/DOC*
+        -rm -f emacs$(EXEEXT) emacs-*.*.*$(EXEEXT) ../etc/DOC*
 extraclean: distclean
         -rm -f *~ \#* m/?*~ s/?*~
 
@@ -735,12 +735,12 @@ ctagsfiles1 = [xyzXYZ]*.[hcm]
 ctagsfiles2 = [a-wA-W]*.[hcm]
 
 TAGS: $(srcdir)/$(ctagsfiles1) $(srcdir)/$(ctagsfiles2)
-        ../lib-src/etags --include=TAGS-LISP --include=${lwlibdir}/TAGS \
+        ../lib-src/etags --include=TAGS-LISP --include=$(lwlibdir)/TAGS \
           --regex='/[   ]*DEFVAR_[A-Z_  (]+"\([^"]+\)"/' \
           $(srcdir)/$(ctagsfiles1) $(srcdir)/$(ctagsfiles2)
 frc:
 TAGS-LISP: frc
-        $(MAKE) -f ${lispdir}Makefile TAGS-LISP ETAGS=../lib-src/etags
+        $(MAKE) -f $(lispdir)Makefile TAGS-LISP ETAGS=../lib-src/etags
 
 $(lwlibdir)TAGS:
         (cd $(lwlibdir); $(MAKE) -f $(lwlibdir)Makefile tags ETAGS=../lib-src/etags)
@@ -767,10 +767,10 @@ tags: TAGS TAGS-LISP $(lwlibdir)TAGS
 ## it), so it was compiled in parallel, leading typically to having 2
 ## processes dumping bootstrap-emacs at the same time).
 ## So instead, we replace the witness-emacs dependencies by conditional
-## bootstrap-dependencies (via ${BOOTSTRAPEMACS}).  Of course, since we do
+## bootstrap-dependencies (via $(BOOTSTRAPEMACS)).  Of course, since we do
 ## not want to rely on GNU Make features, we have to rely on an external
 ## script to do the conditional part of the dependency
-## (i.e. see the ${SUBDIR} rule ../Makefile.in).
+## (i.e. see the $(SUBDIR) rule ../Makefile.in).
 
 .SUFFIXES: .elc .el
 
@@ -780,28 +780,28 @@ tags: TAGS TAGS-LISP $(lwlibdir)TAGS
 ## With GNU Make, we would just say "%.el : %.elc $(BOOTSTRAPEMACS)"
 .el.elc:
         @cd ../lisp; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) compile-onefile \
-                             THEFILE=$< EMACS=${bootstrap_exe}
+                             THEFILE=$< EMACS=$(bootstrap_exe)
 
 ## Since the .el.elc rule cannot specify an extra dependency, we do it here.
-${lisp} ${SOME_MACHINE_LISP}: $(BOOTSTRAPEMACS)
+$(lisp) $(SOME_MACHINE_LISP): $(BOOTSTRAPEMACS)
 
 ## VCSWITNESS points to the file that holds info about the current checkout.
 ## We use it as a heuristic to decide when to rebuild loaddefs.el.
-${lispsource}loaddefs.el: $(BOOTSTRAPEMACS) $(VCSWITNESS)
-        cd ../lisp; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) autoloads EMACS=${bootstrap_exe}
+$(lispsource)loaddefs.el: $(BOOTSTRAPEMACS) $(VCSWITNESS)
+        cd ../lisp; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) autoloads EMACS=$(bootstrap_exe)
 
 ## Dump an Emacs executable named bootstrap-emacs containing the
 ## files from loadup.el in source form.
-bootstrap-emacs${EXEEXT}: temacs${EXEEXT}
+bootstrap-emacs$(EXEEXT): temacs$(EXEEXT)
         cd ../lisp; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) update-subdirs
-        if test "${CANNOT_DUMP}" = "yes"; then \
-          ln -f temacs${EXEEXT} bootstrap-emacs${EXEEXT}; \
+        if test "$(CANNOT_DUMP)" = "yes"; then \
+          ln -f temacs$(EXEEXT) bootstrap-emacs$(EXEEXT); \
         else \
           $(RUN_TEMACS) --batch --load loadup bootstrap || exit 1; \
-          mv -f emacs${EXEEXT} bootstrap-emacs${EXEEXT}; \
+          mv -f emacs$(EXEEXT) bootstrap-emacs$(EXEEXT); \
         fi
         @: Compile some files earlier to speed up further compilation.
-        cd ../lisp; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) compile-first EMACS=${bootstrap_exe}
+        cd ../lisp; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) compile-first EMACS=$(bootstrap_exe)
 
 ## Insert either autodeps.mk (if AUTO_DEPEND), else deps.mk.
 @deps_frag@