Merge branch 'master' into scratch/correct-warning-posscratch/correct-warning-pos

87 files changed, 2336 insertions, 1263 deletions

diff --git a/lisp/Makefile.in b/lisp/Makefile.in
index 3a72034463c..308407a8bf1 100644
--- a/lisp/Makefile.in
+++ b/lisp/Makefile.in
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ AUTOGENEL = ${loaddefs} ${srcdir}/cus-load.el ${srcdir}/finder-inf.el \
 # Set load-prefer-newer for the benefit of the non-bootstrappers.
 BYTE_COMPILE_FLAGS = \
   --eval '(setq load-prefer-newer t)' $(BYTE_COMPILE_EXTRA_FLAGS)
+# ... but we must prefer .elc files for those in the early bootstrap.
+compile-first: BYTE_COMPILE_FLAGS = $(BYTE_COMPILE_EXTRA_FLAGS)
 
 # Files to compile before others during a bootstrap.  This is done to
 # speed up the bootstrap process.  They're ordered by size, so we use
@@ -303,9 +305,23 @@ endif
 # An old-fashioned suffix rule, which, according to the GNU Make manual,
 # cannot have prerequisites.
 ifeq ($(HAVE_NATIVE_COMP),yes)
+ifeq ($(ANCIENT),yes)
+# The first compilation of compile-first, using an interpreted compiler:
+# The resulting .elc files get given a date of 1971-01-01 so that their
+# date stamp is earlier than the source files, causing these to be compiled
+# into native code at the second recursive invocation of this $(MAKE),
+# using these .elc's.  This is faster than just compiling the native code
+# directly using the interpreted compile-first files.  (Note: 1970-01-01
+# fails on some systems.)
+.el.elc:
+        $(AM_V_ELC)$(emacs) $(BYTE_COMPILE_FLAGS) \
+        -l comp -f batch-byte-compile $<
+        touch -t 197101010000 $@
+else
 .el.elc:
         $(AM_V_ELC)$(emacs) $(BYTE_COMPILE_FLAGS) \
         -l comp -f batch-byte+native-compile $<
+endif
 else
 .el.elc:
         $(AM_V_ELC)$(emacs) $(BYTE_COMPILE_FLAGS) -f batch-byte-compile $<
diff --git a/lisp/cus-face.el b/lisp/cus-face.el
index e905a455570..12ad3910fcb 100644
--- a/lisp/cus-face.el
+++ b/lisp/cus-face.el
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 ;;; Face attributes.
 
 (defconst custom-face-attributes
-  '((:family
+  `((:family
      (string :tag "Font Family"
              :help-echo "Font family or fontset alias name."))
 
@@ -148,29 +148,29 @@
                            (const :tag "At Bottom Of Text" t)
                            (integer :tag "Pixels Above Bottom Of Text"))))
      ;; filter to make value suitable for customize
-     (lambda (real-value)
-       (and real-value
-            (let ((color
-                   (or (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :color))
-                       (and (stringp real-value) real-value)
-                       'foreground-color))
-                  (style
-                   (or (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :style))
-                       'line))
-                  (position (and (consp real-value)
-                                 (plist-get real-value :style))))
-              (list :color color :style style :position position))))
+     ,(lambda (real-value)
+        (and real-value
+             (let ((color
+                    (or (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :color))
+                        (and (stringp real-value) real-value)
+                        'foreground-color))
+                   (style
+                    (or (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :style))
+                        'line))
+                   (position (and (consp real-value)
+                                  (plist-get real-value :style))))
+               (list :color color :style style :position position))))
      ;; filter to make customized-value suitable for storing
-     (lambda (cus-value)
-       (and cus-value
-            (let ((color (plist-get cus-value :color))
-                  (style (plist-get cus-value :style))
-                  (position (plist-get cus-value :position)))
-              (cond ((and (eq style 'line) (not position))
-                     ;; Use simple value for default style
-                     (if (eq color 'foreground-color) t color))
-                    (t
-                     `(:color ,color :style ,style :position ,position)))))))
+     ,(lambda (cus-value)
+        (and cus-value
+             (let ((color (plist-get cus-value :color))
+                   (style (plist-get cus-value :style))
+                   (position (plist-get cus-value :position)))
+               (cond ((and (eq style 'line) (not position))
+                      ;; Use simple value for default style
+                      (if (eq color 'foreground-color) t color))
+                     (t
+                      `(:color ,color :style ,style :position ,position)))))))
 
     (:overline
      (choice :tag "Overline"
@@ -206,40 +206,40 @@
                            (const :tag "Flat"   flat-button)
                            (const :tag "None" nil))))
      ;; filter to make value suitable for customize
-     (lambda (real-value)
-       (and real-value
-            (let ((lwidth
-                   (or (and (consp real-value)
-                            (if (listp (cdr real-value))
-                                (plist-get real-value :line-width)
-                              real-value))
-                       (and (integerp real-value) real-value)
-                       '(1 . 1)))
-                  (color
-                   (or (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :color))
-                       (and (stringp real-value) real-value)
-                       nil))
-                  (style
-                   (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :style))))
-              (if (integerp lwidth)
-                  (setq lwidth (cons (abs lwidth) lwidth)))
-              (list :line-width lwidth :color color :style style))))
+     ,(lambda (real-value)
+        (and real-value
+             (let ((lwidth
+                    (or (and (consp real-value)
+                             (if (listp (cdr real-value))
+                                 (plist-get real-value :line-width)
+                               real-value))
+                        (and (integerp real-value) real-value)
+                        '(1 . 1)))
+                   (color
+                    (or (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :color))
+                        (and (stringp real-value) real-value)
+                        nil))
+                   (style
+                    (and (consp real-value) (plist-get real-value :style))))
+               (if (integerp lwidth)
+                   (setq lwidth (cons (abs lwidth) lwidth)))
+               (list :line-width lwidth :color color :style style))))
      ;; filter to make customized-value suitable for storing
-     (lambda (cus-value)
-       (and cus-value
-            (let ((lwidth (plist-get cus-value :line-width))
-                  (color (plist-get cus-value :color))
-                  (style (plist-get cus-value :style)))
-              (cond ((and (null color) (null style))
-                     lwidth)
-                    ((and (null lwidth) (null style))
-                     ;; actually can't happen, because LWIDTH is always an int
-                     color)
-                    (t
-                     ;; Keep as a plist, but remove null entries
-                     (nconc (and lwidth `(:line-width ,lwidth))
-                            (and color  `(:color ,color))
-                            (and style  `(:style ,style)))))))))
+     ,(lambda (cus-value)
+        (and cus-value
+             (let ((lwidth (plist-get cus-value :line-width))
+                   (color (plist-get cus-value :color))
+                   (style (plist-get cus-value :style)))
+               (cond ((and (null color) (null style))
+                      lwidth)
+                     ((and (null lwidth) (null style))
+                      ;; actually can't happen, because LWIDTH is always an int
+                      color)
+                     (t
+                      ;; Keep as a plist, but remove null entries
+                      (nconc (and lwidth `(:line-width ,lwidth))
+                             (and color  `(:color ,color))
+                             (and style  `(:style ,style)))))))))
 
     (:inverse-video
      (choice :tag "Inverse-video"
@@ -276,18 +276,18 @@
              :help-echo "List of faces to inherit attributes from."
              (face :Tag "Face" default))
      ;; filter to make value suitable for customize
-     (lambda (real-value)
-       (cond ((or (null real-value) (eq real-value 'unspecified))
-              nil)
-             ((symbolp real-value)
-              (list real-value))
-             (t
-              real-value)))
+     ,(lambda (real-value)
+        (cond ((or (null real-value) (eq real-value 'unspecified))
+               nil)
+              ((symbolp real-value)
+               (list real-value))
+              (t
+               real-value)))
      ;; filter to make customized-value suitable for storing
-     (lambda (cus-value)
-       (if (and (consp cus-value) (null (cdr cus-value)))
-           (car cus-value)
-         cus-value))))
+     ,(lambda (cus-value)
+        (if (and (consp cus-value) (null (cdr cus-value)))
+            (car cus-value)
+          cus-value))))
 
   "Alist of face attributes.
 
@@ -329,12 +329,12 @@ If FRAME is nil, use the global defaults for FACE."
   "Apply a list of face specs for user customizations.
 This works by calling `custom-theme-set-faces' for the `user'
 theme, a special theme referring to settings made via Customize.
-The arguments should be a list where each entry has the form:
+The arguments ARGS should be a list where each entry has the form:
 
   (FACE SPEC [NOW [COMMENT]])
 
 See the documentation of `custom-theme-set-faces' for details."
-  (apply 'custom-theme-set-faces 'user args))
+  (apply #'custom-theme-set-faces 'user args))
 
 (defun custom-theme-set-faces (theme &rest args)
   "Apply a list of face specs associated with theme THEME.
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ Each of the arguments ARGS has this form:
     (FACE FROM-THEME)
 
 This means reset FACE to its value in FROM-THEME."
-  (apply 'custom-theme-reset-faces 'user args))
+  (apply #'custom-theme-reset-faces 'user args))
 
 (define-obsolete-function-alias 'custom-facep #'facep "28.1")
 
diff --git a/lisp/cus-start.el b/lisp/cus-start.el
index cdadf08a894..afdbd82457b 100644
--- a/lisp/cus-start.el
+++ b/lisp/cus-start.el
@@ -356,6 +356,7 @@ Leaving \"Default\" unchecked is equivalent with specifying a default of
                                    (const :tag "Iconify" t))
                                   "26.1")
              (tooltip-reuse-hidden-frame tooltip boolean "26.1")
+             (use-system-tooltips tooltip boolean "29.1")
              ;; fringe.c
              (overflow-newline-into-fringe fringe boolean)
              ;; image.c
@@ -369,7 +370,7 @@ Leaving \"Default\" unchecked is equivalent with specifying a default of
              (auto-save-timeout auto-save (choice (const :tag "off" nil)
                                                   (integer :format "%v")))
              (echo-keystrokes minibuffer number)
-             (polling-period keyboard integer)
+             (polling-period keyboard float)
              (double-click-time mouse (restricted-sexp
                                        :match-alternatives (integerp 'nil 't)))
              (double-click-fuzz mouse integer "22.1")
diff --git a/lisp/doc-view.el b/lisp/doc-view.el
index 5b462b24f5a..5e160f5dff1 100644
--- a/lisp/doc-view.el
+++ b/lisp/doc-view.el
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ is named like ODF with the extension turned to pdf."
   "Convert PDF-PS to PNG asynchronously."
   (funcall
    (pcase doc-view-doc-type
-     ('pdf doc-view-pdf->png-converter-function)
+     ((or 'pdf 'odf) doc-view-pdf->png-converter-function)
      ('djvu #'doc-view-djvu->tiff-converter-ddjvu)
      (_ #'doc-view-ps->png-converter-ghostscript))
    pdf-ps png nil
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/autoload.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/autoload.el
index a51fd8ca255..d0bf342b842 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/autoload.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/autoload.el
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ put the output in."
    (t
     (let ((doc-string-elt (function-get (car-safe form) 'doc-string-elt))
           (outbuf autoload-print-form-outbuf))
-      (if (and doc-string-elt (stringp (nth doc-string-elt form)))
+      (if (and (numberp doc-string-elt) (stringp (nth doc-string-elt form)))
           ;; We need to hack the printing because the
           ;; doc-string must be printed specially for
           ;; make-docfile (sigh).
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ FILE's name."
             ";; version-control: never\n"
             ";; no-byte-compile: t\n" ;; #$ is byte-compiled into nil.
             ";; no-update-autoloads: t\n"
-            ";; coding: utf-8\n"
+            ";; coding: utf-8-emacs-unix\n"
             ";; End:\n"
             ";;; " basename
             " ends here\n")))
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el
index 587819f36ed..d6054aef5e1 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el
@@ -617,8 +617,8 @@ Each element is (INDEX . VALUE)")
   "Hash byte-code -> byte-to-native-lambda.")
 (defvar byte-to-native-top-level-forms nil
   "List of top level forms.")
-(defvar byte-to-native-output-file nil
-  "Temporary file containing the byte-compilation output.")
+(defvar byte-to-native-output-buffer-file nil
+  "Pair holding byte-compilation output buffer, elc filename.")
 (defvar byte-to-native-plist-environment nil
   "To spill `overriding-plist-environment'.")
 
@@ -1986,6 +1986,42 @@ If compilation is needed, this functions returns the result of
 (defvar byte-compile-level 0            ; bug#13787
   "Depth of a recursive byte compilation.")
 
+(defun byte-write-target-file (buffer target-file)
+  "Write BUFFER into TARGET-FILE."
+  (with-current-buffer buffer
+    ;; We must disable any code conversion here.
+    (let* ((coding-system-for-write 'no-conversion)
+           ;; Write to a tempfile so that if another Emacs
+           ;; process is trying to load target-file (eg in a
+           ;; parallel bootstrap), it does not risk getting a
+           ;; half-finished file.  (Bug#4196)
+           (tempfile
+            (make-temp-file (when (file-writable-p target-file)
+                              (expand-file-name target-file))))
+           (default-modes (default-file-modes))
+           (temp-modes (logand default-modes #o600))
+           (desired-modes (logand default-modes #o666))
+           (kill-emacs-hook
+            (cons (lambda () (ignore-errors
+                          (delete-file tempfile)))
+                  kill-emacs-hook)))
+      (unless (= temp-modes desired-modes)
+        (set-file-modes tempfile desired-modes 'nofollow))
+      (write-region (point-min) (point-max) tempfile nil 1)
+      ;; This has the intentional side effect that any
+      ;; hard-links to target-file continue to
+      ;; point to the old file (this makes it possible
+      ;; for installed files to share disk space with
+      ;; the build tree, without causing problems when
+      ;; emacs-lisp files in the build tree are
+      ;; recompiled).  Previously this was accomplished by
+      ;; deleting target-file before writing it.
+      (if byte-native-compiling
+          ;; Defer elc final renaming.
+          (setf byte-to-native-output-buffer-file
+                (cons tempfile target-file))
+        (rename-file tempfile target-file t)))))
+
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun byte-compile-file (filename &optional load)
   "Compile a file of Lisp code named FILENAME into a file of byte code.
@@ -2020,176 +2056,148 @@ See also `emacs-lisp-byte-compile-and-load'."
 
   ;; Force logging of the file name for each file compiled.
   (setq byte-compile-last-logged-file nil)
-  (prog1
-      (let ((byte-compile-current-file filename)
-            (byte-compile-current-group nil)
-            (set-auto-coding-for-load t)
-            (byte-compile--seen-defvars nil)
-            (byte-compile--known-dynamic-vars
-             (byte-compile--load-dynvars (getenv "EMACS_DYNVARS_FILE")))
-            target-file input-buffer output-buffer
-            byte-compile-dest-file byte-compiler-error-flag)
-        (setq target-file (byte-compile-dest-file filename))
-        (setq byte-compile-dest-file target-file)
-        (with-current-buffer
-            ;; It would be cleaner to use a temp buffer, but if there was
-            ;; an error, we leave this buffer around for diagnostics.
-            ;; Its name is documented in the lispref.
-            (setq input-buffer (get-buffer-create
-                                (concat " *Compiler Input*"
-                                        (if (zerop byte-compile-level) ""
-                                          (format "-%s" byte-compile-level)))))
-          (erase-buffer)
-          (setq buffer-file-coding-system nil)
-          ;; Always compile an Emacs Lisp file as multibyte
-          ;; unless the file itself forces unibyte with -*-coding: raw-text;-*-
-          (set-buffer-multibyte t)
-          (insert-file-contents filename)
-          ;; Mimic the way after-insert-file-set-coding can make the
-          ;; buffer unibyte when visiting this file.
-          (when (or (eq last-coding-system-used 'no-conversion)
-                    (eq (coding-system-type last-coding-system-used) 5))
-            ;; For coding systems no-conversion and raw-text...,
-            ;; edit the buffer as unibyte.
-            (set-buffer-multibyte nil))
-          ;; Run hooks including the uncompression hook.
-          ;; If they change the file name, then change it for the output also.
-          (let ((buffer-file-name filename)
-                (dmm (default-value 'major-mode))
-                ;; Ignore unsafe local variables.
-                ;; We only care about a few of them for our purposes.
-                (enable-local-variables :safe)
-                (enable-local-eval nil))
-            (unwind-protect
-                (progn
-                  (setq-default major-mode 'emacs-lisp-mode)
-                  ;; Arg of t means don't alter enable-local-variables.
-                  (delay-mode-hooks (normal-mode t)))
-              (setq-default major-mode dmm))
-            ;; There may be a file local variable setting (bug#10419).
-            (setq buffer-read-only nil
-                  filename buffer-file-name))
-          ;; Don't inherit lexical-binding from caller (bug#12938).
-          (unless (local-variable-p 'lexical-binding)
-            (setq-local lexical-binding nil))
-          ;; Set the default directory, in case an eval-when-compile uses it.
-          (setq default-directory (file-name-directory filename)))
-        ;; Check if the file's local variables explicitly specify not to
-        ;; compile this file.
-        (if (with-current-buffer input-buffer no-byte-compile)
-            (progn
-              ;; (message "%s not compiled because of `no-byte-compile: %s'"
-              ;;           (byte-compile-abbreviate-file filename)
-              ;;           (with-current-buffer input-buffer no-byte-compile))
-              (when (and target-file (file-exists-p target-file))
-                (message "%s deleted because of `no-byte-compile: %s'"
-                         (byte-compile-abbreviate-file target-file)
-                         (buffer-local-value 'no-byte-compile input-buffer))
-                (condition-case nil (delete-file target-file) (error nil)))
-              ;; We successfully didn't compile this file.
-              'no-byte-compile)
-          (when byte-compile-verbose
-            (message "Compiling %s..." filename))
-          ;; It is important that input-buffer not be current at this call,
-          ;; so that the value of point set in input-buffer
-          ;; within byte-compile-from-buffer lingers in that buffer.
-          (setq output-buffer
-                (save-current-buffer
-                  (let ((symbols-with-pos-enabled t)
-                        (byte-compile-level (1+ byte-compile-level)))
-                    (byte-compile-from-buffer input-buffer))))
-          (if byte-compiler-error-flag
-              nil
-            (when byte-compile-verbose
-              (message "Compiling %s...done" filename))
-            (kill-buffer input-buffer)
-            (with-current-buffer output-buffer
-              (when (and target-file
-                         (or (not byte-native-compiling)
-                             (and byte-native-compiling byte+native-compile)))
-                (goto-char (point-max))
-                (insert "\n")           ; aaah, unix.
-                (cond
-                 ((and (file-writable-p target-file)
-                       ;; We attempt to create a temporary file in the
-                       ;; target directory, so the target directory must be
-                       ;; writable.
-                       (file-writable-p
-                        (file-name-directory
-                         ;; Need to expand in case TARGET-FILE doesn't
-                         ;; include a directory (Bug#45287).
-                         (expand-file-name target-file))))
-                  ;; We must disable any code conversion here.
-                  (let* ((coding-system-for-write 'no-conversion)
-                         ;; Write to a tempfile so that if another Emacs
-                         ;; process is trying to load target-file (eg in a
-                         ;; parallel bootstrap), it does not risk getting a
-                         ;; half-finished file.  (Bug#4196)
-                         (tempfile
-                          (make-temp-file (when (file-writable-p target-file)
-                                            (expand-file-name target-file))))
-                         (default-modes (default-file-modes))
-                         (temp-modes (logand default-modes #o600))
-                         (desired-modes (logand default-modes #o666))
-                         (kill-emacs-hook
-                          (cons (lambda () (ignore-errors
-                                             (delete-file tempfile)))
-                                kill-emacs-hook)))
-                    (unless (= temp-modes desired-modes)
-                      (set-file-modes tempfile desired-modes 'nofollow))
-                    (write-region (point-min) (point-max) tempfile nil 1)
-                    ;; This has the intentional side effect that any
-                    ;; hard-links to target-file continue to
-                    ;; point to the old file (this makes it possible
-                    ;; for installed files to share disk space with
-                    ;; the build tree, without causing problems when
-                    ;; emacs-lisp files in the build tree are
-                    ;; recompiled).  Previously this was accomplished by
-                    ;; deleting target-file before writing it.
-                    (if byte-native-compiling
-                        ;; Defer elc final renaming.
-                        (setf byte-to-native-output-file
-                              (cons tempfile target-file))
-                      (rename-file tempfile target-file t)))
-                  (or noninteractive
-                      byte-native-compiling
-                      (message "Wrote %s" target-file)))
-                 ((file-writable-p target-file)
-                  ;; In case the target directory isn't writable (see e.g. Bug#44631),
-                  ;; try writing to the output file directly.  We must disable any
-                  ;; code conversion here.
-                  (let ((coding-system-for-write 'no-conversion))
-                    (with-file-modes (logand (default-file-modes) #o666)
-                      (write-region (point-min) (point-max) target-file nil 1)))
-                  (or noninteractive (message "Wrote %s" target-file)))
-                 (t
-                  ;; This is just to give a better error message than write-region
-                  (let ((exists (file-exists-p target-file)))
-                    (signal (if exists 'file-error 'file-missing)
-                            (list "Opening output file"
-                                  (if exists
-                                      "Cannot overwrite file"
-                                    "Directory not writable or nonexistent")
-                                  target-file))))))
-              (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
-            (if (and byte-compile-generate-call-tree
-                     (or (eq t byte-compile-generate-call-tree)
-                         (y-or-n-p (format "Report call tree for %s? "
-                                           filename))))
-                (save-excursion
-                  (display-call-tree filename)))
-            (let ((gen-dynvars (getenv "EMACS_GENERATE_DYNVARS")))
-              (when (and gen-dynvars (not (equal gen-dynvars ""))
-                         byte-compile--seen-defvars)
-                (let ((dynvar-file (concat target-file ".dynvars")))
-                  (message "Generating %s" dynvar-file)
-                  (with-temp-buffer
-                    (dolist (var (delete-dups byte-compile--seen-defvars))
-                      (insert (format "%S\n" (cons var filename))))
-                    (write-region (point-min) (point-max) dynvar-file)))))
-            (if load
-                (load target-file))
-            t)))))
+  (let ((byte-compile-current-file filename)
+        (byte-compile-current-group nil)
+        (set-auto-coding-for-load t)
+        (byte-compile--seen-defvars nil)
+        (byte-compile--known-dynamic-vars
+         (byte-compile--load-dynvars (getenv "EMACS_DYNVARS_FILE")))
+        target-file input-buffer output-buffer
+        byte-compile-dest-file byte-compiler-error-flag)
+    (setq target-file (byte-compile-dest-file filename))
+    (setq byte-compile-dest-file target-file)
+    (with-current-buffer
+        ;; It would be cleaner to use a temp buffer, but if there was
+        ;; an error, we leave this buffer around for diagnostics.
+        ;; Its name is documented in the lispref.
+        (setq input-buffer (get-buffer-create
+                            (concat " *Compiler Input*"
+                                    (if (zerop byte-compile-level) ""
+                                      (format "-%s" byte-compile-level)))))
+      (erase-buffer)
+      (setq buffer-file-coding-system nil)
+      ;; Always compile an Emacs Lisp file as multibyte
+      ;; unless the file itself forces unibyte with -*-coding: raw-text;-*-
+      (set-buffer-multibyte t)
+      (insert-file-contents filename)
+      ;; Mimic the way after-insert-file-set-coding can make the
+      ;; buffer unibyte when visiting this file.
+      (when (or (eq last-coding-system-used 'no-conversion)
+                (eq (coding-system-type last-coding-system-used) 5))
+        ;; For coding systems no-conversion and raw-text...,
+        ;; edit the buffer as unibyte.
+        (set-buffer-multibyte nil))
+      ;; Run hooks including the uncompression hook.
+      ;; If they change the file name, then change it for the output also.
+      (let ((buffer-file-name filename)
+            (dmm (default-value 'major-mode))
+            ;; Ignore unsafe local variables.
+            ;; We only care about a few of them for our purposes.
+            (enable-local-variables :safe)
+            (enable-local-eval nil))
+        (unwind-protect
+            (progn
+              (setq-default major-mode 'emacs-lisp-mode)
+              ;; Arg of t means don't alter enable-local-variables.
+              (delay-mode-hooks (normal-mode t)))
+          (setq-default major-mode dmm))
+        ;; There may be a file local variable setting (bug#10419).
+        (setq buffer-read-only nil
+              filename buffer-file-name))
+      ;; Don't inherit lexical-binding from caller (bug#12938).
+      (unless (local-variable-p 'lexical-binding)
+        (setq-local lexical-binding nil))
+      ;; Set the default directory, in case an eval-when-compile uses it.
+      (setq default-directory (file-name-directory filename)))
+    ;; Check if the file's local variables explicitly specify not to
+    ;; compile this file.
+    (if (with-current-buffer input-buffer no-byte-compile)
+        (progn
+          ;; (message "%s not compiled because of `no-byte-compile: %s'"
+          ;;       (byte-compile-abbreviate-file filename)
+          ;;       (with-current-buffer input-buffer no-byte-compile))
+          (when (and target-file (file-exists-p target-file))
+            (message "%s deleted because of `no-byte-compile: %s'"
+                     (byte-compile-abbreviate-file target-file)
+                     (buffer-local-value 'no-byte-compile input-buffer))
+            (condition-case nil (delete-file target-file) (error nil)))
+          ;; We successfully didn't compile this file.
+          'no-byte-compile)
+      (when byte-compile-verbose
+        (message "Compiling %s..." filename))
+      ;; It is important that input-buffer not be current at this call,
+      ;; so that the value of point set in input-buffer
+      ;; within byte-compile-from-buffer lingers in that buffer.
+      (setq output-buffer
+            (save-current-buffer
+              (let ((byte-compile-level (1+ byte-compile-level)))
+                (byte-compile-from-buffer input-buffer))))
+      (if byte-compiler-error-flag
+          nil
+        (when byte-compile-verbose
+          (message "Compiling %s...done" filename))
+        (kill-buffer input-buffer)
+        (with-current-buffer output-buffer
+          (when (and target-file
+                     (or (not byte-native-compiling)
+                         (and byte-native-compiling byte+native-compile)))
+            (goto-char (point-max))
+            (insert "\n")                       ; aaah, unix.
+            (cond
+             ((and (file-writable-p target-file)
+                   ;; We attempt to create a temporary file in the
+                   ;; target directory, so the target directory must be
+                   ;; writable.
+                   (file-writable-p
+                    (file-name-directory
+                     ;; Need to expand in case TARGET-FILE doesn't
+                     ;; include a directory (Bug#45287).
+                     (expand-file-name target-file))))
+              (if byte-native-compiling
+                  ;; Defer elc production.
+                  (setf byte-to-native-output-buffer-file
+                        (cons (current-buffer) target-file))
+                (byte-write-target-file (current-buffer) target-file))
+              (or noninteractive
+                  byte-native-compiling
+                  (message "Wrote %s" target-file)))
+             ((file-writable-p target-file)
+              ;; In case the target directory isn't writable (see e.g. Bug#44631),
+              ;; try writing to the output file directly.  We must disable any
+              ;; code conversion here.
+              (let ((coding-system-for-write 'no-conversion))
+                (with-file-modes (logand (default-file-modes) #o666)
+                  (write-region (point-min) (point-max) target-file nil 1)))
+              (or noninteractive (message "Wrote %s" target-file)))
+             (t
+              ;; This is just to give a better error message than write-region
+              (let ((exists (file-exists-p target-file)))
+                (signal (if exists 'file-error 'file-missing)
+                        (list "Opening output file"
+                              (if exists
+                                  "Cannot overwrite file"
+                                "Directory not writable or nonexistent")
+                              target-file))))))
+          (unless byte-native-compiling
+            (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))
+        (if (and byte-compile-generate-call-tree
+                 (or (eq t byte-compile-generate-call-tree)
+                     (y-or-n-p (format "Report call tree for %s? "
+                                       filename))))
+            (save-excursion
+              (display-call-tree filename)))
+        (let ((gen-dynvars (getenv "EMACS_GENERATE_DYNVARS")))
+          (when (and gen-dynvars (not (equal gen-dynvars ""))
+                     byte-compile--seen-defvars)
+            (let ((dynvar-file (concat target-file ".dynvars")))
+              (message "Generating %s" dynvar-file)
+              (with-temp-buffer
+                (dolist (var (delete-dups byte-compile--seen-defvars))
+                  (insert (format "%S\n" (cons var filename))))
+                (write-region (point-min) (point-max) dynvar-file)))))
+        (if load
+            (load target-file))
+        t))))
 
 ;;; compiling a single function
 ;;;###autoload
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el
index dd5ad5a440b..74b0b1197be 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/comp.el
@@ -4213,11 +4213,13 @@ variable 'NATIVE_DISABLED' is set, only byte compile."
       (batch-byte-compile)
     (cl-assert (length= command-line-args-left 1))
     (let ((byte+native-compile t)
-          (byte-to-native-output-file nil))
+          (byte-to-native-output-buffer-file nil))
       (batch-native-compile)
-      (pcase byte-to-native-output-file
-        (`(,tempfile . ,target-file)
-         (rename-file tempfile target-file t)))
+      (pcase byte-to-native-output-buffer-file
+        (`(,temp-buffer . ,target-file)
+         (unwind-protect
+             (byte-write-target-file temp-buffer target-file))
+         (kill-buffer temp-buffer)))
       (setq command-line-args-left (cdr command-line-args-left)))))
 
 ;;;###autoload
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el
index fe97804ec4a..1720393b3e5 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el
@@ -98,7 +98,11 @@ This applies to `eval-defun', `eval-region', `eval-buffer', and
 You can use the command `edebug-all-defs' to toggle the value of this
 variable.  You may wish to make it local to each buffer with
 \(make-local-variable \\='edebug-all-defs) in your
-`emacs-lisp-mode-hook'."
+`emacs-lisp-mode-hook'.
+
+Note that this user option has no effect unless the edebug
+package has been loaded."
+  :require 'edebug
   :type 'boolean)
 
 ;;;###autoload
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/ert.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/ert.el
index 9c6b0e15bbe..b6c5b7d6b91 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/ert.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/ert.el
@@ -1423,7 +1423,8 @@ Returns the stats object."
                          (message "%9s  %S%s"
                                   (ert-string-for-test-result result nil)
                                   (ert-test-name test)
-                                  (if (getenv "EMACS_TEST_VERBOSE")
+                                  (if (cl-plusp
+                                       (length (getenv "EMACS_TEST_VERBOSE")))
                                       (ert-reason-for-test-result result)
                                     ""))))
               (message "%s" ""))
@@ -1435,7 +1436,8 @@ Returns the stats object."
                          (message "%9s  %S%s"
                                   (ert-string-for-test-result result nil)
                                   (ert-test-name test)
-                                  (if (getenv "EMACS_TEST_VERBOSE")
+                                  (if (cl-plusp
+                                       (length (getenv "EMACS_TEST_VERBOSE")))
                                       (ert-reason-for-test-result result)
                                     ""))))
               (message "%s" ""))
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el
index e6a2424c518..4a293796a83 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el
@@ -434,10 +434,16 @@ storage method to list."
                multisession-edit-mode)
   (unless id
     (error "No value on the current line"))
-  (let* ((object (make-multisession
-                  :package (car id)
-                  :key (cdr id)
-                  :storage multisession-storage))
+  (let* ((object (or
+                  ;; If the multisession variable already exists, use
+                  ;; it (so that we update it).
+                  (and (boundp (intern-soft (cdr id)))
+                       (symbol-value (intern (cdr id))))
+                  ;; Create a new object.
+                  (make-multisession
+                   :package (car id)
+                   :key (cdr id)
+                   :storage multisession-storage)))
          (value (multisession-value object)))
     (setf (multisession-value object)
           (car (read-from-string
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/pp.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/pp.el
index d199716b2c5..e782cdb1dab 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/pp.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/pp.el
@@ -273,7 +273,10 @@ Use the `pp-max-width' variable to control the desired line length."
     (insert "(")
     (pp--insert start (pop sexp))
     (while sexp
-      (pp--insert " " (pop sexp)))
+      (if (consp sexp)
+          (pp--insert " " (pop sexp))
+        (pp--insert " . " sexp)
+        (setq sexp nil)))
     (insert ")")))
 
 (defun pp--format-function (sexp)
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/range.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/range.el
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38c2866cd4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/range.el
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+;;; ranges.el --- range functions  -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; Copyright (C) 1996-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; Author: Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen <larsi@gnus.org>
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+;; (at your option) any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; A "range" is a list that represents a list of integers.  A range is
+;; a list containing cons cells of start/end pairs, as well as integers.
+;;
+;; ((2 . 5) 9 (11 . 13))
+;;
+;; represents the list (2 3 4 5 9 11 12 13).
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(defun range-normalize (range)
+  "Normalize RANGE.
+If RANGE is a single range, return (RANGE).  Otherwise, return RANGE."
+  (if (listp (cdr-safe range))
+      range
+    (list range)))
+
+(defun range-denormalize (range)
+  "If RANGE contains a single range, then return that.
+If not, return RANGE as is."
+  (if (and (consp (car range))
+           (length= range 1))
+      (car range)
+    range))
+
+(defun range-difference (range1 range2)
+  "Return the range of elements in RANGE1 that do not appear in RANGE2.
+Both ranges must be in ascending order."
+  (setq range1 (range-normalize range1))
+  (setq range2 (range-normalize range2))
+  (let* ((new-range (cons nil (copy-sequence range1)))
+         (r new-range))
+    (while (cdr r)
+      (let* ((r1 (cadr r))
+             (r2 (car range2))
+             (min1 (if (numberp r1) r1 (car r1)))
+             (max1 (if (numberp r1) r1 (cdr r1)))
+             (min2 (if (numberp r2) r2 (car r2)))
+             (max2 (if (numberp r2) r2 (cdr r2))))
+
+        (cond ((> min1 max1)
+               ;; Invalid range: may result from overlap condition (below)
+               ;; remove Invalid range
+               (setcdr r (cddr r)))
+              ((and (= min1 max1)
+                    (listp r1))
+               ;; Inefficient representation: may result from overlap
+               ;; condition (below)
+               (setcar (cdr r) min1))
+              ((not min2)
+               ;; All done with range2
+               (setq r nil))
+              ((< max1 min2)
+               ;; No overlap: range1 precedes range2
+               (pop r))
+              ((< max2 min1)
+               ;; No overlap: range2 precedes range1
+               (pop range2))
+              ((and (<= min2 min1) (<= max1 max2))
+               ;; Complete overlap: range1 removed
+               (setcdr r (cddr r)))
+              (t
+               (setcdr r (nconc (list (cons min1 (1- min2))
+                                      (cons (1+ max2) max1))
+                                (cddr r)))))))
+    (cdr new-range)))
+
+(defun range-intersection (range1 range2)
+  "Return intersection of RANGE1 and RANGE2."
+  (let* (out
+         (min1 (car range1))
+         (max1 (if (numberp min1)
+                   (if (numberp (cdr range1))
+                       (prog1 (cdr range1)
+                         (setq range1 nil)) min1)
+                 (prog1 (cdr min1)
+                   (setq min1 (car min1)))))
+         (min2 (car range2))
+         (max2 (if (numberp min2)
+                   (if (numberp (cdr range2))
+                       (prog1 (cdr range2)
+                         (setq range2 nil)) min2)
+                 (prog1 (cdr min2)
+                   (setq min2 (car min2))))))
+    (setq range1 (cdr range1)
+          range2 (cdr range2))
+    (while (and min1 min2)
+      (cond ((< max1 min2)              ; range1 precedes range2
+             (setq range1 (cdr range1)
+                   min1 nil))
+            ((< max2 min1)              ; range2 precedes range1
+             (setq range2 (cdr range2)
+                   min2 nil))
+            (t                     ; some sort of overlap is occurring
+             (let ((min (max min1 min2))
+                   (max (min max1 max2)))
+               (setq out (if (= min max)
+                             (cons min out)
+                           (cons (cons min max) out))))
+             (if (< max1 max2)          ; range1 ends before range2
+                 (setq min1 nil)        ; incr range1
+               (setq min2 nil))))       ; incr range2
+      (unless min1
+        (setq min1 (car range1)
+              max1 (if (numberp min1) min1
+                     (prog1 (cdr min1) (setq min1 (car min1))))
+              range1 (cdr range1)))
+      (unless min2
+        (setq min2 (car range2)
+              max2 (if (numberp min2) min2
+                     (prog1 (cdr min2) (setq min2 (car min2))))
+              range2 (cdr range2))))
+    (cond ((cdr out)
+           (nreverse out))
+          ((numberp (car out))
+           out)
+          (t
+           (car out)))))
+
+(defun range-compress-list (numbers)
+  "Convert a sorted list of numbers to a range list."
+  (let ((first (car numbers))
+        (last (car numbers))
+        result)
+    (cond
+     ((null numbers)
+      nil)
+     ((not (listp (cdr numbers)))
+      numbers)
+     (t
+      (while numbers
+        (cond ((= last (car numbers)) nil)   ;Omit duplicated number
+              ((= (1+ last) (car numbers))   ;Still in sequence
+               (setq last (car numbers)))
+              (t                        ;End of one sequence
+               (setq result
+                     (cons (if (= first last) first
+                             (cons first last))
+                           result))
+               (setq first (car numbers))
+               (setq last  (car numbers))))
+        (setq numbers (cdr numbers)))
+      (nreverse (cons (if (= first last) first (cons first last))
+                      result))))))
+
+(defun range-uncompress (ranges)
+  "Expand a list of ranges into a list of numbers.
+RANGES is either a single range on the form `(num . num)' or a list of
+these ranges."
+  (let (first last result)
+    (cond
+     ((null ranges)
+      nil)
+     ((not (listp (cdr ranges)))
+      (setq first (car ranges))
+      (setq last (cdr ranges))
+      (while (<= first last)
+        (setq result (cons first result))
+        (setq first (1+ first)))
+      (nreverse result))
+     (t
+      (while ranges
+        (if (atom (car ranges))
+            (when (numberp (car ranges))
+              (setq result (cons (car ranges) result)))
+          (setq first (caar ranges))
+          (setq last  (cdar ranges))
+          (while (<= first last)
+            (setq result (cons first result))
+            (setq first (1+ first))))
+        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
+      (nreverse result)))))
+
+(defun range-add-list (ranges list)
+  "Return a list of ranges that has all articles from both RANGES and LIST.
+Note: LIST has to be sorted over `<'."
+  (if (not ranges)
+      (range-compress-list list)
+    (setq list (copy-sequence list))
+    (unless (listp (cdr ranges))
+      (setq ranges (list ranges)))
+    (let ((out ranges)
+          ilist lowest highest temp)
+      (while (and ranges list)
+        (setq ilist list)
+        (setq lowest (or (and (atom (car ranges)) (car ranges))
+                         (caar ranges)))
+        (while (and list (cdr list) (< (cadr list) lowest))
+          (setq list (cdr list)))
+        (when (< (car ilist) lowest)
+          (setq temp list)
+          (setq list (cdr list))
+          (setcdr temp nil)
+          (setq out (nconc (range-compress-list ilist) out)))
+        (setq highest (or (and (atom (car ranges)) (car ranges))
+                          (cdar ranges)))
+        (while (and list (<= (car list) highest))
+          (setq list (cdr list)))
+        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
+      (when list
+        (setq out (nconc (range-compress-list list) out)))
+      (setq out (sort out (lambda (r1 r2)
+                            (< (or (and (atom r1) r1) (car r1))
+                               (or (and (atom r2) r2) (car r2))))))
+      (setq ranges out)
+      (while ranges
+        (if (atom (car ranges))
+            (when (cdr ranges)
+              (if (atom (cadr ranges))
+                  (when (= (1+ (car ranges)) (cadr ranges))
+                    (setcar ranges (cons (car ranges)
+                                         (cadr ranges)))
+                    (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges)))
+                (when (= (1+ (car ranges)) (caadr ranges))
+                  (setcar (cadr ranges) (car ranges))
+                  (setcar ranges (cadr ranges))
+                  (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges)))))
+          (when (cdr ranges)
+            (if (atom (cadr ranges))
+                (when (= (1+ (cdar ranges)) (cadr ranges))
+                  (setcdr (car ranges) (cadr ranges))
+                  (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges)))
+              (when (= (1+ (cdar ranges)) (caadr ranges))
+                (setcdr (car ranges) (cdadr ranges))
+                (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges))))))
+        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
+      out)))
+
+(defun range-remove (range1 range2)
+  "Return a range that has all articles from RANGE2 removed from RANGE1.
+The returned range is always a list.  RANGE2 can also be a unsorted
+list of articles.  RANGE1 is modified by side effects, RANGE2 is not
+modified."
+  (if (or (null range1) (null range2))
+      range1
+    (let (out r1 r2 r1-min r1-max r2-min r2-max
+              (range2 (copy-tree range2)))
+      (setq range1 (if (listp (cdr range1)) range1 (list range1))
+            range2 (sort (if (listp (cdr range2)) range2 (list range2))
+                         (lambda (e1 e2)
+                           (< (if (consp e1) (car e1) e1)
+                              (if (consp e2) (car e2) e2))))
+            r1 (car range1)
+            r2 (car range2)
+            r1-min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
+            r1-max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)
+            r2-min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
+            r2-max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2))
+      (while (and range1 range2)
+        (cond ((< r2-max r1-min)        ; r2 < r1
+               (pop range2)
+               (setq r2 (car range2)
+                     r2-min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
+                     r2-max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2)))
+              ((and (<= r2-min r1-min) (<= r1-max r2-max)) ; r2 overlap r1
+               (pop range1)
+               (setq r1 (car range1)
+                     r1-min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
+                     r1-max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))
+              ((and (<= r2-min r1-min) (<= r2-max r1-max)) ; r2 overlap min r1
+               (pop range2)
+               (setq r1-min (1+ r2-max)
+                     r2 (car range2)
+                     r2-min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
+                     r2-max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2)))
+              ((and (<= r1-min r2-min) (<= r2-max r1-max)) ; r2 contained in r1
+               (if (eq r1-min (1- r2-min))
+                   (push r1-min out)
+                 (push (cons r1-min (1- r2-min)) out))
+               (pop range2)
+               (if (< r2-max r1-max)    ; finished with r1?
+                   (setq r1-min (1+ r2-max))
+                 (pop range1)
+                 (setq r1 (car range1)
+                       r1-min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
+                       r1-max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))
+               (setq r2 (car range2)
+                     r2-min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
+                     r2-max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2)))
+              ((and (<= r2-min r1-max) (<= r1-max r2-max)) ; r2 overlap max r1
+               (if (eq r1-min (1- r2-min))
+                   (push r1-min out)
+                 (push (cons r1-min (1- r2-min)) out))
+               (pop range1)
+               (setq r1 (car range1)
+                     r1-min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
+                     r1-max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))
+              ((< r1-max r2-min)        ; r2 > r1
+               (pop range1)
+               (if (eq r1-min r1-max)
+                   (push r1-min out)
+                 (push (cons r1-min r1-max) out))
+               (setq r1 (car range1)
+                     r1-min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
+                     r1-max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))))
+      (when r1
+        (if (eq r1-min r1-max)
+            (push r1-min out)
+          (push (cons r1-min r1-max) out))
+        (pop range1))
+      (while range1
+        (push (pop range1) out))
+      (nreverse out))))
+
+(defun range-member-p (number ranges)
+  "Say whether NUMBER is in RANGES."
+  (if (not (listp (cdr ranges)))
+      (and (>= number (car ranges))
+           (<= number (cdr ranges)))
+    (let ((not-stop t))
+      (while (and ranges
+                  (if (numberp (car ranges))
+                      (>= number (car ranges))
+                    (>= number (caar ranges)))
+                  not-stop)
+        (when (if (numberp (car ranges))
+                  (= number (car ranges))
+                (and (>= number (caar ranges))
+                     (<= number (cdar ranges))))
+          (setq not-stop nil))
+        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
+      (not not-stop))))
+
+(defun range-list-intersection (list ranges)
+  "Return a list of numbers in LIST that are members of RANGES.
+oLIST is a sorted list."
+  (setq ranges (range-normalize ranges))
+  (let (number result)
+    (while (setq number (pop list))
+      (while (and ranges
+                  (if (numberp (car ranges))
+                      (< (car ranges) number)
+                    (< (cdar ranges) number)))
+        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
+      (when (and ranges
+                 (if (numberp (car ranges))
+                     (= (car ranges) number)
+                   ;; (caar ranges) <= number <= (cdar ranges)
+                   (>= number (caar ranges))))
+        (push number result)))
+    (nreverse result)))
+
+(defun range-list-difference (list ranges)
+  "Return a list of numbers in LIST that are not members of RANGES.
+LIST is a sorted list."
+  (setq ranges (range-normalize ranges))
+  (let (number result)
+    (while (setq number (pop list))
+      (while (and ranges
+                  (if (numberp (car ranges))
+                      (< (car ranges) number)
+                    (< (cdar ranges) number)))
+        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
+      (when (or (not ranges)
+                (if (numberp (car ranges))
+                    (not (= (car ranges) number))
+                  ;; not ((caar ranges) <= number <= (cdar ranges))
+                  (< number (caar ranges))))
+        (push number result)))
+    (nreverse result)))
+
+(defun range-length (range)
+  "Return the length RANGE would have if uncompressed."
+  (cond
+   ((null range)
+    0)
+   ((not (listp (cdr range)))
+    (- (cdr range) (car range) -1))
+   (t
+    (let ((sum 0))
+      (dolist (x range sum)
+        (setq sum
+              (+ sum (if (consp x) (- (cdr x) (car x) -1) 1))))))))
+
+(defun range-concat (range1 range2)
+  "Add RANGE2 to RANGE1 (nondestructively)."
+  (unless (listp (cdr range1))
+    (setq range1 (list range1)))
+  (unless (listp (cdr range2))
+    (setq range2 (list range2)))
+  (let ((item1 (pop range1))
+        (item2 (pop range2))
+        range item selector)
+    (while (or item1 item2)
+      (setq selector
+            (cond
+             ((null item1) nil)
+             ((null item2) t)
+             ((and (numberp item1) (numberp item2)) (< item1 item2))
+             ((numberp item1) (< item1 (car item2)))
+             ((numberp item2) (< (car item1) item2))
+             (t (< (car item1) (car item2)))))
+      (setq item
+            (or
+             (let ((tmp1 item) (tmp2 (if selector item1 item2)))
+               (cond
+                ((null tmp1) tmp2)
+                ((null tmp2) tmp1)
+                ((and (numberp tmp1) (numberp tmp2))
+                 (cond
+                  ((eq tmp1 tmp2) tmp1)
+                  ((eq (1+ tmp1) tmp2) (cons tmp1 tmp2))
+                  ((eq (1+ tmp2) tmp1) (cons tmp2 tmp1))
+                  (t nil)))
+                ((numberp tmp1)
+                 (cond
+                  ((and (>= tmp1 (car tmp2)) (<= tmp1 (cdr tmp2))) tmp2)
+                  ((eq (1+ tmp1) (car tmp2)) (cons tmp1 (cdr tmp2)))
+                  ((eq (1- tmp1) (cdr tmp2)) (cons (car tmp2) tmp1))
+                  (t nil)))
+                ((numberp tmp2)
+                 (cond
+                  ((and (>= tmp2 (car tmp1)) (<= tmp2 (cdr tmp1))) tmp1)
+                  ((eq (1+ tmp2) (car tmp1)) (cons tmp2 (cdr tmp1)))
+                  ((eq (1- tmp2) (cdr tmp1)) (cons (car tmp1) tmp2))
+                  (t nil)))
+                ((< (1+ (cdr tmp1)) (car tmp2)) nil)
+                ((< (1+ (cdr tmp2)) (car tmp1)) nil)
+                (t (cons (min (car tmp1) (car tmp2))
+                         (max (cdr tmp1) (cdr tmp2))))))
+             (progn
+               (if item (push item range))
+               (if selector item1 item2))))
+      (if selector
+          (setq item1 (pop range1))
+        (setq item2 (pop range2))))
+    (if item (push item range))
+    (reverse range)))
+
+(defun range-map (func range)
+  "Apply FUNC to each value contained by RANGE."
+  (setq range (range-normalize range))
+  (while range
+    (let ((span (pop range)))
+      (if (numberp span)
+          (funcall func span)
+        (let ((first (car span))
+              (last (cdr span)))
+          (while (<= first last)
+            (funcall func first)
+            (setq first (1+ first))))))))
+
+(provide 'range)
+
+;;; range.el ends here
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/tabulated-list.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/tabulated-list.el
index 4a9814b5daf..32a046e0fbd 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/tabulated-list.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/tabulated-list.el
@@ -731,6 +731,7 @@ Interactively, N is the prefix numeric argument, and defaults to
 1."
   (interactive "p")
   (let ((start (current-column))
+        (entry (tabulated-list-get-entry))
         (nb-cols (length tabulated-list-format))
         (col-nb 0)
         (total-width 0)
@@ -741,9 +742,14 @@ Interactively, N is the prefix numeric argument, and defaults to
       (if (> start
              (setq total-width
                    (+ total-width
-                      (setq col-width
-                            (cadr (aref tabulated-list-format
-                                        col-nb))))))
+                      (max (setq col-width
+                                 (cadr (aref tabulated-list-format
+                                             col-nb)))
+                           (string-width (aref entry col-nb)))
+                      (or (plist-get (nthcdr 3 (aref tabulated-list-format
+                                                     col-nb))
+                                     :pad-right)
+                          1))))
           (setq col-nb (1+ col-nb))
         (setq found t)
         (setf (cadr (aref tabulated-list-format col-nb))
diff --git a/lisp/eshell/em-basic.el b/lisp/eshell/em-basic.el
index 27b343ad398..ba868cee59e 100644
--- a/lisp/eshell/em-basic.el
+++ b/lisp/eshell/em-basic.el
@@ -82,7 +82,11 @@ equivalent of `echo' can always be achieved by using `identity'."
 It returns a formatted value that should be passed to `eshell-print'
 or `eshell-printn' for display."
   (if eshell-plain-echo-behavior
-      (concat (apply 'eshell-flatten-and-stringify args) "\n")
+      (progn
+        ;; If the output does not end in a newline, do not emit one.
+        (setq eshell-ensure-newline-p nil)
+        (concat (apply #'eshell-flatten-and-stringify args)
+                (when output-newline "\n")))
     (let ((value
            (cond
             ((= (length args) 0) "")
@@ -109,18 +113,33 @@ or `eshell-printn' for display."
   "Implementation of `echo'.  See `eshell-plain-echo-behavior'."
   (eshell-eval-using-options
    "echo" args
-   '((?n nil nil output-newline "terminate with a newline")
-     (?h "help" nil nil "output this help screen")
+   '((?n nil (nil) output-newline
+         "do not output the trailing newline")
+     (?N nil (t)   output-newline
+         "terminate with a newline")
+     (?E nil nil   _disable-escapes
+         "don't interpret backslash escapes (default)")
+     (?h "help" nil nil
+         "output this help screen")
      :preserve-args
-     :usage "[-n] [object]")
-   (eshell-echo args output-newline)))
+     :usage "[OPTION]... [OBJECT]...")
+   (if eshell-plain-echo-behavior
+       (eshell-echo args (if output-newline (car output-newline) t))
+     ;; In Emacs 28.1 and earlier, "-n" was used to add a newline to
+     ;; non-plain echo in Eshell.  This caused confusion due to "-n"
+     ;; generally having the opposite meaning for echo.  Retain this
+     ;; compatibility for the time being.  For more info, see
+     ;; bug#27361.
+     (when (equal output-newline '(nil))
+       (display-warning
+        :warning "To terminate with a newline, you should use -N instead."))
+     (eshell-echo args output-newline))))
 
 (defun eshell/printnl (&rest args)
-  "Print out each of the arguments, separated by newlines."
+  "Print out each of the arguments as strings, separated by newlines."
   (let ((elems (flatten-tree args)))
-    (while elems
-      (eshell-printn (eshell-echo (list (car elems))))
-      (setq elems (cdr elems)))))
+    (dolist (elem elems)
+      (eshell-printn (eshell-stringify elem)))))
 
 (defun eshell/listify (&rest args)
   "Return the argument(s) as a single list."
diff --git a/lisp/eshell/em-script.el b/lisp/eshell/em-script.el
index e8459513f39..e0bcd8b099f 100644
--- a/lisp/eshell/em-script.el
+++ b/lisp/eshell/em-script.el
@@ -113,27 +113,13 @@ Comments begin with `#'."
 
 (defun eshell/source (&rest args)
   "Source a file in a subshell environment."
-  (eshell-eval-using-options
-   "source" args
-   '((?h "help" nil nil "show this usage screen")
-     :show-usage
-     :usage "FILE [ARGS]
-Invoke the Eshell commands in FILE in a subshell, binding ARGS to $1,
-$2, etc.")
-   (eshell-source-file (car args) (cdr args) t)))
+  (eshell-source-file (car args) (cdr args) t))
 
 (put 'eshell/source 'eshell-no-numeric-conversions t)
 
 (defun eshell/. (&rest args)
   "Source a file in the current environment."
-  (eshell-eval-using-options
-   "." args
-   '((?h "help" nil nil "show this usage screen")
-     :show-usage
-     :usage "FILE [ARGS]
-Invoke the Eshell commands in FILE within the current shell
-environment, binding ARGS to $1, $2, etc.")
-   (eshell-source-file (car args) (cdr args))))
+  (eshell-source-file (car args) (cdr args)))
 
 (put 'eshell/. 'eshell-no-numeric-conversions t)
 
diff --git a/lisp/eshell/esh-cmd.el b/lisp/eshell/esh-cmd.el
index a2d7d9431a9..04d65df4f33 100644
--- a/lisp/eshell/esh-cmd.el
+++ b/lisp/eshell/esh-cmd.el
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@
 (require 'esh-module)
 (require 'esh-io)
 (require 'esh-ext)
+(require 'generator)
 
 (eval-when-compile
   (require 'cl-lib)
@@ -903,21 +904,55 @@ at the moment are:
   "Completion for the `debug' command."
   (while (pcomplete-here '("errors" "commands"))))
 
+(iter-defun eshell--find-subcommands (haystack)
+  "Recursively search for subcommand forms in HAYSTACK.
+This yields the SUBCOMMANDs when found in forms like
+\"(eshell-as-subcommand SUBCOMMAND)\"."
+  (dolist (elem haystack)
+    (cond
+     ((eq (car-safe elem) 'eshell-as-subcommand)
+      (iter-yield (cdr elem)))
+     ((listp elem)
+      (iter-yield-from (eshell--find-subcommands elem))))))
+
+(defun eshell--invoke-command-directly (command)
+  "Determine whether the given COMMAND can be invoked directly.
+COMMAND should be a non-top-level Eshell command in parsed form.
+
+A command can be invoked directly if all of the following are true:
+
+* The command is of the form
+  \"(eshell-trap-errors (eshell-named-command NAME ARGS))\",
+  where ARGS is optional.
+
+* NAME is a string referring to an alias function and isn't a
+  complex command (see `eshell-complex-commands').
+
+* Any subcommands in ARGS can also be invoked directly."
+  (when (and (eq (car command) 'eshell-trap-errors)
+             (eq (car (cadr command)) 'eshell-named-command))
+    (let ((name (cadr (cadr command)))
+          (args (cdr-safe (nth 2 (cadr command)))))
+      (and name (stringp name)
+           (not (member name eshell-complex-commands))
+           (catch 'simple
+             (dolist (pred eshell-complex-commands t)
+               (when (and (functionp pred)
+                          (funcall pred name))
+                 (throw 'simple nil))))
+           (eshell-find-alias-function name)
+           (catch 'indirect-subcommand
+             (iter-do (subcommand (eshell--find-subcommands args))
+               (unless (eshell--invoke-command-directly subcommand)
+                 (throw 'indirect-subcommand nil)))
+             t)))))
+
 (defun eshell-invoke-directly (command)
-  (let ((base (cadr (nth 2 (nth 2 (cadr command))))) name)
-    (if (and (eq (car base) 'eshell-trap-errors)
-             (eq (car (cadr base)) 'eshell-named-command))
-        (setq name (cadr (cadr base))))
-    (and name (stringp name)
-         (not (member name eshell-complex-commands))
-         (catch 'simple
-           (progn
-            (dolist (pred eshell-complex-commands)
-              (if (and (functionp pred)
-                       (funcall pred name))
-                  (throw 'simple nil)))
-            t))
-         (eshell-find-alias-function name))))
+  "Determine whether the given COMMAND can be invoked directly.
+COMMAND should be a top-level Eshell command in parsed form, as
+produced by `eshell-parse-command'."
+  (let ((base (cadr (nth 2 (nth 2 (cadr command))))))
+    (eshell--invoke-command-directly base)))
 
 (defun eshell-eval-command (command &optional input)
   "Evaluate the given COMMAND iteratively."
diff --git a/lisp/eshell/esh-opt.el b/lisp/eshell/esh-opt.el
index bba1c4ad25d..c802bee3af5 100644
--- a/lisp/eshell/esh-opt.el
+++ b/lisp/eshell/esh-opt.el
@@ -257,12 +257,12 @@ triggered to say that the switch is unrecognized."
         remaining
       (let ((extcmd (memq ':external options)))
         (when extcmd
-          (setq extcmd (eshell-search-path (cadr extcmd)))
-          (if extcmd
-              (throw 'eshell-ext-command extcmd)
-            (error (if (characterp (car switch)) "%s: unrecognized option -%c"
-                     "%s: unrecognized option --%s")
-                   name (car switch))))))))
+          (setq extcmd (eshell-search-path (cadr extcmd))))
+        (if extcmd
+            (throw 'eshell-ext-command extcmd)
+          (error (if (characterp (car switch)) "%s: unrecognized option -%c"
+                   "%s: unrecognized option --%s")
+                 name (car switch)))))))
 
 (defun eshell--process-args (name args options)
   "Process the given ARGS using OPTIONS."
diff --git a/lisp/face-remap.el b/lisp/face-remap.el
index 00560f9d2e1..3675ea14b4c 100644
--- a/lisp/face-remap.el
+++ b/lisp/face-remap.el
@@ -70,6 +70,13 @@
    :foreground :background :stipple :overline :strike-through :box
    :font :inherit :fontset :distant-foreground :extend :vector])
 
+(defun face-attrs--make-indirect-safe ()
+  "Deep-copy the buffer's `face-remapping-alist' upon cloning the buffer."
+  (setq-local face-remapping-alist
+              (mapcar #'copy-sequence face-remapping-alist)))
+
+(add-hook 'clone-indirect-buffer-hook #'face-attrs--make-indirect-safe)
+
 (defun face-attrs-more-relative-p (attrs1 attrs2)
   "Return true if ATTRS1 contains a greater number of relative
 face-attributes than ATTRS2.  A face attribute is considered
diff --git a/lisp/faces.el b/lisp/faces.el
index df099787698..bb9b1e979fa 100644
--- a/lisp/faces.el
+++ b/lisp/faces.el
@@ -1107,6 +1107,16 @@ returned.  Otherwise, DEFAULT is returned verbatim."
   (let ((prompt (if default
                     (format-prompt prompt default)
                   (format "%s: " prompt)))
+        (completion-extra-properties
+         '(:affixation-function
+           (lambda (faces)
+             (mapcar
+              (lambda (face)
+                (list (concat (propertize "SAMPLE" 'face face)
+                              "\t")
+                      ""
+                      face))
+              faces))))
         aliasfaces nonaliasfaces faces)
     ;; Build up the completion tables.
     (mapatoms (lambda (s)
diff --git a/lisp/files.el b/lisp/files.el
index 1d9d450e4d3..51c6968cffd 100644
--- a/lisp/files.el
+++ b/lisp/files.el
@@ -3968,12 +3968,12 @@ major-mode."
                 ;; Discard the prefix.
                 (if (looking-at prefix)
                     (delete-region (point) (match-end 0))
-                  (error "Local variables entry is missing the prefix"))
+                  (user-error "Local variables entry is missing the prefix"))
                 (end-of-line)
                 ;; Discard the suffix.
                 (if (looking-back suffix (line-beginning-position))
                     (delete-region (match-beginning 0) (point))
-                  (error "Local variables entry is missing the suffix"))
+                  (user-error "Local variables entry is missing the suffix"))
                 (forward-line 1))
               (goto-char (point-min))
 
@@ -3981,9 +3981,9 @@ major-mode."
                               (and (eq handle-mode t) result)))
                 ;; Find the variable name;
                 (unless (looking-at hack-local-variable-regexp)
-                  (error "Malformed local variable line: %S"
-                         (buffer-substring-no-properties
-                          (point) (line-end-position))))
+                  (user-error "Malformed local variable line: %S"
+                              (buffer-substring-no-properties
+                               (point) (line-end-position))))
                 (goto-char (match-end 1))
                 (let* ((str (match-string 1))
                        (var (intern str))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-agent.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-agent.el
index fd66135b5c6..e4704b35c8d 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-agent.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-agent.el
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 (require 'gnus-srvr)
 (require 'gnus-util)
 (require 'timer)
+(require 'range)
 (eval-when-compile (require 'cl-lib))
 
 (autoload 'gnus-server-update-server "gnus-srvr")
@@ -1219,8 +1220,8 @@ This can be added to `gnus-select-article-hook' or
             (cond ((eq mark 'read)
                    (setf (gnus-info-read info)
                          (funcall (if (eq what 'add)
-                                      #'gnus-range-add
-                                    #'gnus-remove-from-range)
+                                      #'range-concat
+                                    #'range-remove)
                                   (gnus-info-read info)
                                   range))
                    (gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group
@@ -1233,8 +1234,8 @@ This can be added to `gnus-select-article-hook' or
                              (gnus-info-marks info)))
                      (setcdr info-marks
                              (funcall (if (eq what 'add)
-                                          #'gnus-range-add
-                                        #'gnus-remove-from-range)
+                                          #'range-concat
+                                        #'range-remove)
                                       (cdr info-marks)
                                       range))))))))
 
@@ -1307,7 +1308,7 @@ downloaded into the agent."
 
           (let ((read (gnus-info-read info)))
             (setf (gnus-info-read info)
-                  (gnus-range-add
+                  (range-concat
                    read
                    (list (cons (1+ agent-max)
                                (1- active-min))))))
@@ -1796,13 +1797,13 @@ article numbers will be returned."
          (articles (if fetch-all
                        (if gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles
                            (let ((active (gnus-active group)))
-                             (gnus-uncompress-range
+                             (range-uncompress
                               (cons (max (car active)
                                          (- (cdr active)
                                             gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles
                                             -1))
                                     (cdr active))))
-                         (gnus-uncompress-range (gnus-active group)))
+                         (range-uncompress (gnus-active group)))
                      (gnus-list-of-unread-articles group)))
          (gnus-decode-encoded-word-function 'identity)
          (gnus-decode-encoded-address-function 'identity)
@@ -1817,7 +1818,7 @@ article numbers will be returned."
       ;; because otherwise the agent will remove their marks.)
       (dolist (arts (gnus-info-marks (gnus-get-info group)))
         (unless (memq (car arts) '(seen recent killed cache))
-          (setq articles (gnus-range-add articles (cdr arts)))))
+          (setq articles (range-concat articles (cdr arts)))))
       (setq articles (sort (gnus-uncompress-sequence articles) #'<)))
 
     ;; At this point, I have the list of articles to consider for
@@ -1851,15 +1852,15 @@ article numbers will be returned."
             ;; gnus-agent-article-alist) equals (cdr (gnus-active
             ;; group))}.  The addition of one(the 1+ above) then
             ;; forces Low to be greater than High.  When this happens,
-            ;; gnus-list-range-intersection returns nil which
+            ;; range-list-intersection returns nil which
             ;; indicates that no headers need to be fetched. -- Kevin
-            (setq articles (gnus-list-range-intersection
+            (setq articles (range-list-intersection
                             articles (list (cons low high)))))))
 
       (when articles
         (gnus-message
          10 "gnus-agent-fetch-headers: undownloaded articles are `%s'"
-         (gnus-compress-sequence articles t)))
+         (range-compress-list articles)))
 
       (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
         (if articles
@@ -2060,7 +2061,7 @@ doesn't exist, to valid the overview buffer."
               (let (state sequence uncomp)
                 (while alist
                   (setq state (caar alist)
-                        sequence (inline (gnus-uncompress-range (cdar alist)))
+                        sequence (inline (range-uncompress (cdar alist)))
                         alist (cdr alist))
                   (while sequence
                     (push (cons (pop sequence) state) uncomp)))
@@ -2404,7 +2405,7 @@ contents, they are first saved to their own file."
             (let ((arts (cdr (assq mark (gnus-info-marks
                                          (setq info (gnus-get-info group)))))))
               (when arts
-                (setq marked-articles (nconc (gnus-uncompress-range arts)
+                (setq marked-articles (nconc (range-uncompress arts)
                                              marked-articles))
                 ))))
         (setq marked-articles (sort marked-articles #'<))
@@ -2544,7 +2545,7 @@ contents, they are first saved to their own file."
                     (let ((read (gnus-info-read
                                  (or info (setq info (gnus-get-info group))))))
                       (setf (gnus-info-read info)
-                            (gnus-add-to-range read unfetched-articles)))
+                            (range-add-list read unfetched-articles)))
 
                     (gnus-group-update-group group t)
                     (sit-for 0)
@@ -2898,8 +2899,8 @@ The following commands are available:
 
 (defun gnus-agent-read-p ()
   "Say whether an article is read or not."
-  (gnus-member-of-range (mail-header-number gnus-headers)
-                        (gnus-info-read (gnus-get-info gnus-newsgroup-name))))
+  (range-member-p (mail-header-number gnus-headers)
+                  (gnus-info-read (gnus-get-info gnus-newsgroup-name))))
 
 (defun gnus-category-make-function (predicate)
   "Make a function from PREDICATE."
@@ -3115,7 +3116,7 @@ FORCE is equivalent to setting the expiration predicates to true."
                       ;; All articles EXCEPT those named by the caller
                       ;; are protected from expiration
                       (gnus-sorted-difference
-                       (gnus-uncompress-range
+                       (range-uncompress
                         (cons (caar alist)
                               (caar (last alist))))
                        (sort articles #'<)))))
@@ -3137,9 +3138,9 @@ FORCE is equivalent to setting the expiration predicates to true."
                       ;; Ticked and/or dormant articles are excluded
                       ;; from expiration
                       (nconc
-                       (gnus-uncompress-range
+                       (range-uncompress
                         (cdr (assq 'tick (gnus-info-marks info))))
-                       (gnus-uncompress-range
+                       (range-uncompress
                         (cdr (assq 'dormant
                                    (gnus-info-marks info))))))))
               (nov-file (concat dir ".overview"))
@@ -3638,7 +3639,7 @@ has been fetched."
                             (file-name-directory file) t))
 
       (when fetch-old
-        (setq articles (gnus-uncompress-range
+        (setq articles (range-uncompress
                         (cons (if (numberp fetch-old)
                                   (max 1 (- (car articles) fetch-old))
                                 1)
@@ -3694,7 +3695,7 @@ has been fetched."
 
                      ;; Clip this list to the headers that will
                      ;; actually be returned
-                     (setq fetched-articles (gnus-list-range-intersection
+                     (setq fetched-articles (range-list-intersection
                                              (cdr fetched-articles)
                                              (cons min max)))
 
@@ -3703,7 +3704,7 @@ has been fetched."
                      ;; excluded IDs may be fetchable using HEAD.
                      (if (car tail-fetched-articles)
                          (setq uncached-articles
-                               (gnus-list-range-intersection
+                               (range-list-intersection
                                 uncached-articles
                                 (cons (car uncached-articles)
                                       (car tail-fetched-articles)))))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
index a286c446724..9bb74e80857 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 (require 'message)
 (require 'mouse)
 (require 'seq)
+(require 'range)
 
 (autoload 'gnus-msg-mail "gnus-msg" nil t)
 (autoload 'gnus-button-mailto "gnus-msg")
@@ -1394,6 +1395,15 @@ predicate.  See Info node `(gnus)Customizing Articles'."
   :link '(custom-manual "(gnus)Customizing Articles")
   :type gnus-article-treat-custom)
 
+(defcustom gnus-treat-suspicious-headers 'head
+  "Mark headers that are suspicious.
+Valid values are nil, t, `head', `first', `last', an integer or a
+predicate.  See Info node `(gnus)Customizing Articles'."
+  :version "29.1"
+  :group 'gnus-article-treat
+  :link '(custom-manual "(gnus)Customizing Articles")
+  :type gnus-article-treat-custom)
+
 (defcustom gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups 'head
   "Fold the Newsgroups and Followup-To headers.
 Valid values are nil, t, `head', `first', `last', an integer or a
@@ -1711,6 +1721,7 @@ regexp."
     (gnus-treat-unfold-headers gnus-article-treat-unfold-headers)
     (gnus-treat-fold-newsgroups gnus-article-treat-fold-newsgroups)
     (gnus-treat-fold-headers gnus-article-treat-fold-headers)
+    (gnus-treat-suspicious-headers gnus-article-treat-suspicious-headers)
     (gnus-treat-buttonize-head gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head)
     (gnus-treat-display-smileys gnus-treat-smiley)
     (gnus-treat-capitalize-sentences gnus-article-capitalize-sentences)
@@ -2235,6 +2246,20 @@ unfolded."
           (pixel-fill-region (point) (point-max) (pixel-fill-width)))
         (goto-char (point-max))))))
 
+(defun gnus-article-treat-suspicious-headers ()
+  "Mark suspicious headers."
+  (interactive nil gnus-article-mode gnus-summary-mode)
+  (gnus-with-article-headers
+    (let (match)
+      (while (setq match (text-property-search-forward 'textsec-suspicious))
+        (add-text-properties (prop-match-beginning match)
+                             (prop-match-end match)
+                             (list 'help-echo (prop-match-value match)
+                                   'face 'textsec-suspicious))
+        (overlay-put (make-overlay (prop-match-end match)
+                                   (prop-match-end match))
+                     'after-string "⚠️")))))
+
 (defun gnus-treat-smiley ()
   "Toggle display of textual emoticons (\"smileys\") as small graphical icons."
   (interactive nil gnus-article-mode gnus-summary-mode)
@@ -2611,17 +2636,36 @@ If PROMPT (the prefix), prompt for a coding system to use."
       (forward-line -1))
     (setq end (point))
     (while (not (bobp))
-      (while (progn
-               (forward-line -1)
-               (and (not (bobp))
-                    (memq (char-after) '(?\t ? )))))
-      (setq start (point))
-      (if (looking-at "\
+      (let (addresses)
+        (while (progn
+                 (forward-line -1)
+                 (and (not (bobp))
+                      (memq (char-after) '(?\t ? )))))
+        (setq start (point))
+        (save-restriction
+          (narrow-to-region start end)
+          (if (looking-at "\
 \\(?:Resent-\\)?\\(?:From\\|Cc\\|To\\|Bcc\\|\\(?:In-\\)?Reply-To\\|Sender\
 \\|Mail-Followup-To\\|Mail-Copies-To\\|Approved\\):")
-          (funcall gnus-decode-address-function start end)
-        (funcall gnus-decode-header-function start end))
-      (goto-char (setq end start)))))
+              (progn
+                (setq addresses (buffer-string))
+                (funcall gnus-decode-address-function (point-min) (point-max)))
+            (funcall gnus-decode-header-function (point-min) (point-max))))
+        (when addresses
+          (article--check-suspicious-addresses addresses))
+        (goto-char (point-max))
+        (goto-char (setq end start))))))
+
+(defun article--check-suspicious-addresses (addresses)
+  (setq addresses (replace-regexp-in-string "\\`[^:]+:[ \t\n]*" "" addresses))
+  (dolist (header (mail-header-parse-addresses addresses t))
+    (when-let* ((address (car (ignore-errors
+                                (mail-header-parse-address header))))
+                (warning (textsec-suspicious-p address 'email-address)))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (search-forward address nil t)
+        (put-text-property (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)
+                           'textsec-suspicious warning)))))
 
 (defun article-decode-group-name ()
   "Decode group names in Newsgroups, Followup-To and Xref headers."
@@ -7019,7 +7063,7 @@ then we display only bindings that start with that prefix."
                    (setq sumkeys
                          (append (mapcar
                                   #'vector
-                                  (nreverse (gnus-uncompress-range def)))
+                                  (nreverse (range-uncompress def)))
                                  sumkeys))))
                 ((setq def (key-binding key))
                  (unless (eq def 'undefined)
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-cloud.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-cloud.el
index 6ed9e32c919..9bd9f2155f7 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-cloud.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-cloud.el
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 (require 'parse-time)
 (require 'nnimap)
+(require 'range)
 
 (eval-when-compile (require 'epg)) ;; setf-method for `epg-context-armor'
 (autoload 'epg-make-context "epg")
@@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ When FULL is t, upload everything, not just a difference from the last full."
   (let* ((group (gnus-group-full-name gnus-cloud-group-name gnus-cloud-method))
          (active (gnus-active group))
          headers head)
-    (when (gnus-retrieve-headers (gnus-uncompress-range active) group)
+    (when (gnus-retrieve-headers (range-uncompress active) group)
       (with-current-buffer nntp-server-buffer
         (goto-char (point-min))
         (while (setq head (nnheader-parse-head))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-draft.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-draft.el
index cd9b025ff0e..56d498cc4d3 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-draft.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-draft.el
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ Obeys the standard process/prefix convention."
     (gnus-activate-group "nndraft:queue")
     (save-excursion
       (let* ((articles (nndraft-articles))
-             (unsendable (gnus-uncompress-range
+             (unsendable (range-uncompress
                           (cdr (assq 'unsend
                                      (gnus-info-marks
                                       (gnus-get-info "nndraft:queue"))))))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el
index ab874dd0608..d3a94e9f4e0 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 (require 'gnus-undo)
 (require 'gmm-utils)
 (require 'time-date)
+(require 'range)
 
 (eval-when-compile
   (require 'mm-url)
@@ -512,8 +513,8 @@ simple manner."
               ((numberp number)
                (int-to-string
                 (+ number
-                   (gnus-range-length (cdr (assq 'dormant gnus-tmp-marked)))
-                   (gnus-range-length (cdr (assq 'tick gnus-tmp-marked))))))
+                   (range-length (cdr (assq 'dormant gnus-tmp-marked)))
+                   (range-length (cdr (assq 'tick gnus-tmp-marked))))))
               (t number))
         ?s)
     (?R gnus-tmp-number-of-read ?s)
@@ -523,10 +524,10 @@ simple manner."
         ?s)
     (?t gnus-tmp-number-total ?d)
     (?y gnus-tmp-number-of-unread ?s)
-    (?I (gnus-range-length (cdr (assq 'dormant gnus-tmp-marked))) ?d)
-    (?T (gnus-range-length (cdr (assq 'tick gnus-tmp-marked))) ?d)
-    (?i (+ (gnus-range-length (cdr (assq 'dormant gnus-tmp-marked)))
-           (gnus-range-length (cdr (assq 'tick gnus-tmp-marked))))
+    (?I (range-length (cdr (assq 'dormant gnus-tmp-marked))) ?d)
+    (?T (range-length (cdr (assq 'tick gnus-tmp-marked))) ?d)
+    (?i (+ (range-length (cdr (assq 'dormant gnus-tmp-marked)))
+           (range-length (cdr (assq 'tick gnus-tmp-marked))))
         ?d)
     (?g gnus-tmp-group ?s)
     (?G gnus-tmp-qualified-group ?s)
@@ -1482,9 +1483,9 @@ if it is a string, only list groups matching REGEXP."
          (active (gnus-active group)))
     (if (not active)
         0
-      (length (gnus-uncompress-range
-               (gnus-range-difference
-                (gnus-range-difference (list active) (gnus-info-read info))
+      (length (range-uncompress
+               (range-difference
+                (range-difference (list active) (gnus-info-read info))
                 seen))))))
 
 ;; Moving through the Group buffer (in topic mode) e.g. with C-n doesn't
@@ -1642,7 +1643,7 @@ Some value are bound so the form can use them."
                             '(mail post-mail))))
              (cons 'level (or (gnus-info-level info) gnus-level-killed))
              (cons 'score (or (gnus-info-score info) 0))
-             (cons 'ticked (gnus-range-length (cdr (assq 'tick marked))))
+             (cons 'ticked (range-length (cdr (assq 'tick marked))))
              (cons 'group-age (gnus-group-timestamp-delta group)))))
       (while (and list
                   (not (eval (caar list) env)))
@@ -2065,9 +2066,9 @@ that group."
                  (- (1+ (cdr active)) (car active)))))
     (gnus-summary-read-group
      group (or all (and (numberp number)
-                        (zerop (+ number (gnus-range-length
+                        (zerop (+ number (range-length
                                           (cdr (assq 'tick marked)))
-                                  (gnus-range-length
+                                  (range-length
                                    (cdr (assq 'dormant marked)))))))
      no-article nil no-display nil select-articles)))
 
@@ -2832,7 +2833,7 @@ according to the expiry settings.  Note that this will delete old
 not-expirable articles, too."
   (interactive (list (gnus-group-group-name) current-prefix-arg)
                gnus-group-mode)
-  (let ((articles (gnus-uncompress-range (gnus-active group))))
+  (let ((articles (range-uncompress (gnus-active group))))
     (when (gnus-yes-or-no-p
            (format "Do you really want to delete these %d articles forever? "
                    (length articles)))
@@ -3755,15 +3756,15 @@ or nil if no action could be taken."
                                                  'del '(tick))
                                            (list (cdr (assq 'dormant marks))
                                                  'del '(dormant))))
-        (setq unread (gnus-range-add (gnus-range-add
-                                      unread (cdr (assq 'dormant marks)))
-                                     (cdr (assq 'tick marks))))
+        (setq unread (range-concat (range-concat
+                                    unread (cdr (assq 'dormant marks)))
+                                   (cdr (assq 'tick marks))))
         (gnus-add-marked-articles group 'tick nil nil 'force)
         (gnus-add-marked-articles group 'dormant nil nil 'force))
       ;; Do auto-expirable marks if that's required.
       (when (and (gnus-group-auto-expirable-p group)
                  (not (gnus-group-read-only-p group)))
-        (gnus-range-map
+        (range-map
          (lambda (article)
            (gnus-add-marked-articles group 'expire (list article))
            (gnus-request-set-mark group (list (list (list article)
@@ -3795,7 +3796,7 @@ Uses the process/prefix convention."
                           (cons nil (gnus-list-of-read-articles group))
                         (assq 'expire (gnus-info-marks info))))
            (articles-to-expire
-            (gnus-list-range-difference
+            (range-list-difference
              (gnus-uncompress-sequence (cdr expirable))
              (cdr (assq 'unexist (gnus-info-marks info)))))
            (expiry-wait (gnus-group-find-parameter group 'expiry-wait))
@@ -4671,23 +4672,22 @@ and the second element is the address."
         (and (not (setq marked (nthcdr 3 info)))
              (or (null articles)
                  (setcdr (nthcdr 2 info)
-                         (list (list (cons type (gnus-compress-sequence
-                                                 articles t)))))))
+                         (list (list (cons type (range-compress-list
+                                                 articles)))))))
         (and (not (setq m (assq type (car marked))))
              (or (null articles)
                  (setcar marked
-                         (cons (cons type (gnus-compress-sequence articles t) )
+                         (cons (cons type (range-compress-list articles))
                                (car marked)))))
         (if force
             (if (null articles)
                 (setcar (nthcdr 3 info)
                         (assq-delete-all type (car marked)))
-              (setcdr m (gnus-compress-sequence articles t)))
-          (setcdr m (gnus-compress-sequence
-                     (sort (nconc (gnus-uncompress-range (cdr m))
+              (setcdr m (range-compress-list articles)))
+          (setcdr m (range-compress-list
+                     (sort (nconc (range-uncompress (cdr m))
                                   (copy-sequence articles))
-                           #'<)
-                     t))))))
+                           #'<)))))))
 
 (declare-function gnus-summary-add-mark "gnus-sum" (article type))
 
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-int.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-int.el
index 5a619e8f07b..f00f2a0d04e 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-int.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-int.el
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ If GROUP is nil, all groups on COMMAND-METHOD are scanned."
                (when (> min 1)
                  (let* ((range (if (= min 2) 1 (cons 1 (1- min))))
                         (read (gnus-info-read info))
-                        (new-read (gnus-range-add read (list range))))
+                        (new-read (range-concat read (list range))))
                    (setf (gnus-info-read info) new-read)))
                info))))))
 
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-kill.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-kill.el
index bee7860efdb..bc49f8385ea 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-kill.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-kill.el
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ Returns the number of articles marked as read."
                   (setq gnus-newsgroup-kill-headers
                         (mapcar #'mail-header-number headers))
                 (while headers
-                  (unless (gnus-member-of-range
+                  (unless (range-member-p
                            (mail-header-number (car headers))
                            gnus-newsgroup-killed)
                     (push (mail-header-number (car headers))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-range.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-range.el
index da3ff473725..23a71bda209 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-range.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-range.el
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@
 
 ;;; List and range functions
 
-(defsubst gnus-range-normalize (range)
-  "Normalize RANGE.
-If RANGE is a single range, return (RANGE).  Otherwise, return RANGE."
-  (if (listp (cdr-safe range)) range (list range)))
+(require 'range)
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-range-normalize #'range-normalize "29.1")
 
 (defun gnus-last-element (list)
   "Return last element of LIST."
@@ -56,10 +54,10 @@ If RANGE is a single range, return (RANGE).  Otherwise, return RANGE."
   "Return a range comprising all the RANGES, which are pre-sorted.
 RANGES will be destructively altered."
   (setq ranges (delete nil ranges))
-  (let* ((result (gnus-range-normalize (pop ranges)))
+  (let* ((result (range-normalize (pop ranges)))
          (last (last result)))
     (dolist (range ranges)
-      (setq range (gnus-range-normalize range))
+      (setq range (range-normalize range))
       ;; Normalize the single-number case, so that we don't need to
       ;; special-case that so much.
       (when (numberp (car last))
@@ -82,47 +80,8 @@ RANGES will be destructively altered."
         (car result)
       result)))
 
-(defun gnus-range-difference (range1 range2)
-  "Return the range of elements in RANGE1 that do not appear in RANGE2.
-Both ranges must be in ascending order."
-  (setq range1 (gnus-range-normalize range1))
-  (setq range2 (gnus-range-normalize range2))
-  (let* ((new-range (cons nil (copy-sequence range1)))
-         (r new-range)
-         ) ;; (safe t)
-    (while (cdr r)
-      (let* ((r1 (cadr r))
-             (r2 (car range2))
-             (min1 (if (numberp r1) r1 (car r1)))
-             (max1 (if (numberp r1) r1 (cdr r1)))
-             (min2 (if (numberp r2) r2 (car r2)))
-             (max2 (if (numberp r2) r2 (cdr r2))))
-
-        (cond ((> min1 max1)
-               ;; Invalid range: may result from overlap condition (below)
-               ;; remove Invalid range
-               (setcdr r (cddr r)))
-              ((and (= min1 max1)
-                    (listp r1))
-               ;; Inefficient representation: may result from overlap condition (below)
-               (setcar (cdr r) min1))
-              ((not min2)
-               ;; All done with range2
-               (setq r nil))
-              ((< max1 min2)
-               ;; No overlap: range1 precedes range2
-               (pop r))
-              ((< max2 min1)
-               ;; No overlap: range2 precedes range1
-               (pop range2))
-              ((and (<= min2 min1) (<= max1 max2))
-               ;; Complete overlap: range1 removed
-               (setcdr r (cddr r)))
-              (t
-               (setcdr r (nconc (list (cons min1 (1- min2)) (cons (1+ max2) max1)) (cddr r)))))))
-    (cdr new-range)))
-
-
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-range-difference
+  #'range-difference "29.1")
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun gnus-sorted-difference (list1 list2)
@@ -200,57 +159,8 @@ LIST1 and LIST2 have to be sorted over <."
              (setq list2 (cdr list2)))))
     (nreverse out)))
 
-;;;###autoload
-(defun gnus-sorted-range-intersection (range1 range2)
-  "Return intersection of RANGE1 and RANGE2.
-RANGE1 and RANGE2 have to be sorted over <."
-  (let* (out
-         (min1 (car range1))
-         (max1 (if (numberp min1)
-                   (if (numberp (cdr range1))
-                       (prog1 (cdr range1)
-                         (setq range1 nil)) min1)
-                 (prog1 (cdr min1)
-                   (setq min1 (car min1)))))
-         (min2 (car range2))
-         (max2 (if (numberp min2)
-                   (if (numberp (cdr range2))
-                       (prog1 (cdr range2)
-                         (setq range2 nil)) min2)
-                 (prog1 (cdr min2)
-                   (setq min2 (car min2))))))
-    (setq range1 (cdr range1)
-          range2 (cdr range2))
-    (while (and min1 min2)
-      (cond ((< max1 min2)              ; range1 precedes range2
-             (setq range1 (cdr range1)
-                   min1 nil))
-            ((< max2 min1)              ; range2 precedes range1
-             (setq range2 (cdr range2)
-                   min2 nil))
-            (t                     ; some sort of overlap is occurring
-             (let ((min (max min1 min2))
-                   (max (min max1 max2)))
-               (setq out (if (= min max)
-                             (cons min out)
-                           (cons (cons min max) out))))
-             (if (< max1 max2)          ; range1 ends before range2
-                 (setq min1 nil)        ; incr range1
-               (setq min2 nil))))       ; incr range2
-      (unless min1
-        (setq min1 (car range1)
-              max1 (if (numberp min1) min1 (prog1 (cdr min1) (setq min1 (car min1))))
-              range1 (cdr range1)))
-      (unless min2
-        (setq min2 (car range2)
-              max2 (if (numberp min2) min2 (prog1 (cdr min2) (setq min2 (car min2))))
-              range2 (cdr range2))))
-    (cond ((cdr out)
-        (nreverse out))
-          ((numberp (car out))
-           out)
-          (t
-           (car out)))))
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-sorted-range-intersection
+  #'range-intersection "29.1")
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (defalias 'gnus-set-sorted-intersection 'gnus-sorted-nintersection)
@@ -327,315 +237,33 @@ LIST1 and LIST2 have to be sorted over <."
   "Convert sorted list of numbers to a list of ranges or a single range.
 If ALWAYS-LIST is non-nil, this function will always release a list of
 ranges."
-  (let* ((first (car numbers))
-         (last (car numbers))
-         result)
-    (if (null numbers)
-        nil
-      (if (not (listp (cdr numbers)))
-          numbers
-        (while numbers
-          (cond ((= last (car numbers)) nil) ;Omit duplicated number
-                ((= (1+ last) (car numbers)) ;Still in sequence
-                 (setq last (car numbers)))
-                (t                      ;End of one sequence
-                 (setq result
-                       (cons (if (= first last) first
-                               (cons first last))
-                             result))
-                 (setq first (car numbers))
-                 (setq last  (car numbers))))
-          (setq numbers (cdr numbers)))
-        (if (and (not always-list) (null result))
-            (if (= first last) (list first) (cons first last))
-          (nreverse (cons (if (= first last) first (cons first last))
-                          result)))))))
+  (if always-list
+      (range-compress-list numbers)
+    (range-denormalize (range-compress-list numbers))))
 
 (defalias 'gnus-uncompress-sequence 'gnus-uncompress-range)
-(defun gnus-uncompress-range (ranges)
-  "Expand a list of ranges into a list of numbers.
-RANGES is either a single range on the form `(num . num)' or a list of
-these ranges."
-  (let (first last result)
-    (cond
-     ((null ranges)
-      nil)
-     ((not (listp (cdr ranges)))
-      (setq first (car ranges))
-      (setq last (cdr ranges))
-      (while (<= first last)
-        (setq result (cons first result))
-        (setq first (1+ first)))
-      (nreverse result))
-     (t
-      (while ranges
-        (if (atom (car ranges))
-            (when (numberp (car ranges))
-              (setq result (cons (car ranges) result)))
-          (setq first (caar ranges))
-          (setq last  (cdar ranges))
-          (while (<= first last)
-            (setq result (cons first result))
-            (setq first (1+ first))))
-        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
-      (nreverse result)))))
-
-(defun gnus-add-to-range (ranges list)
-  "Return a list of ranges that has all articles from both RANGES and LIST.
-Note: LIST has to be sorted over `<'."
-  (if (not ranges)
-      (gnus-compress-sequence list t)
-    (setq list (copy-sequence list))
-    (unless (listp (cdr ranges))
-      (setq ranges (list ranges)))
-    (let ((out ranges)
-          ilist lowest highest temp)
-      (while (and ranges list)
-        (setq ilist list)
-        (setq lowest (or (and (atom (car ranges)) (car ranges))
-                         (caar ranges)))
-        (while (and list (cdr list) (< (cadr list) lowest))
-          (setq list (cdr list)))
-        (when (< (car ilist) lowest)
-          (setq temp list)
-          (setq list (cdr list))
-          (setcdr temp nil)
-          (setq out (nconc (gnus-compress-sequence ilist t) out)))
-        (setq highest (or (and (atom (car ranges)) (car ranges))
-                          (cdar ranges)))
-        (while (and list (<= (car list) highest))
-          (setq list (cdr list)))
-        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
-      (when list
-        (setq out (nconc (gnus-compress-sequence list t) out)))
-      (setq out (sort out (lambda (r1 r2)
-                            (< (or (and (atom r1) r1) (car r1))
-                               (or (and (atom r2) r2) (car r2))))))
-      (setq ranges out)
-      (while ranges
-        (if (atom (car ranges))
-            (when (cdr ranges)
-              (if (atom (cadr ranges))
-                  (when (= (1+ (car ranges)) (cadr ranges))
-                    (setcar ranges (cons (car ranges)
-                                         (cadr ranges)))
-                    (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges)))
-                (when (= (1+ (car ranges)) (caadr ranges))
-                  (setcar (cadr ranges) (car ranges))
-                  (setcar ranges (cadr ranges))
-                  (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges)))))
-          (when (cdr ranges)
-            (if (atom (cadr ranges))
-                (when (= (1+ (cdar ranges)) (cadr ranges))
-                  (setcdr (car ranges) (cadr ranges))
-                  (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges)))
-              (when (= (1+ (cdar ranges)) (caadr ranges))
-                (setcdr (car ranges) (cdadr ranges))
-                (setcdr ranges (cddr ranges))))))
-        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
-      out)))
-
-(defun gnus-remove-from-range (range1 range2)
-  "Return a range that has all articles from RANGE2 removed from RANGE1.
-The returned range is always a list.  RANGE2 can also be a unsorted
-list of articles.  RANGE1 is modified by side effects, RANGE2 is not
-modified."
-  (if (or (null range1) (null range2))
-      range1
-    (let (out r1 r2 r1_min r1_max r2_min r2_max
-              (range2 (copy-tree range2)))
-      (setq range1 (if (listp (cdr range1)) range1 (list range1))
-            range2 (sort (if (listp (cdr range2)) range2 (list range2))
-                         (lambda (e1 e2)
-                           (< (if (consp e1) (car e1) e1)
-                              (if (consp e2) (car e2) e2))))
-            r1 (car range1)
-            r2 (car range2)
-            r1_min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
-            r1_max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)
-            r2_min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
-            r2_max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2))
-      (while (and range1 range2)
-        (cond ((< r2_max r1_min)        ; r2 < r1
-               (pop range2)
-               (setq r2 (car range2)
-                     r2_min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
-                     r2_max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2)))
-              ((and (<= r2_min r1_min) (<= r1_max r2_max)) ; r2 overlap r1
-               (pop range1)
-               (setq r1 (car range1)
-                     r1_min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
-                     r1_max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))
-              ((and (<= r2_min r1_min) (<= r2_max r1_max)) ; r2 overlap min r1
-               (pop range2)
-               (setq r1_min (1+ r2_max)
-                     r2 (car range2)
-                     r2_min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
-                     r2_max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2)))
-              ((and (<= r1_min r2_min) (<= r2_max r1_max)) ; r2 contained in r1
-               (if (eq r1_min (1- r2_min))
-                   (push r1_min out)
-                 (push (cons r1_min (1- r2_min)) out))
-               (pop range2)
-               (if (< r2_max r1_max)    ; finished with r1?
-                   (setq r1_min (1+ r2_max))
-                 (pop range1)
-                 (setq r1 (car range1)
-                       r1_min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
-                       r1_max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))
-               (setq r2 (car range2)
-                     r2_min (if (consp r2) (car r2) r2)
-                     r2_max (if (consp r2) (cdr r2) r2)))
-              ((and (<= r2_min r1_max) (<= r1_max r2_max)) ; r2 overlap max r1
-               (if (eq r1_min (1- r2_min))
-                   (push r1_min out)
-                 (push (cons r1_min (1- r2_min)) out))
-               (pop range1)
-               (setq r1 (car range1)
-                     r1_min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
-                     r1_max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))
-              ((< r1_max r2_min)        ; r2 > r1
-               (pop range1)
-               (if (eq r1_min r1_max)
-                   (push r1_min out)
-                 (push (cons r1_min r1_max) out))
-               (setq r1 (car range1)
-                     r1_min (if (consp r1) (car r1) r1)
-                     r1_max (if (consp r1) (cdr r1) r1)))))
-      (when r1
-        (if (eq r1_min r1_max)
-            (push r1_min out)
-          (push (cons r1_min r1_max) out))
-        (pop range1))
-      (while range1
-        (push (pop range1) out))
-      (nreverse out))))
-
-(defun gnus-member-of-range (number ranges)
-  (if (not (listp (cdr ranges)))
-      (and (>= number (car ranges))
-           (<= number (cdr ranges)))
-    (let ((not-stop t))
-      (while (and ranges
-                  (if (numberp (car ranges))
-                      (>= number (car ranges))
-                    (>= number (caar ranges)))
-                  not-stop)
-        (when (if (numberp (car ranges))
-                  (= number (car ranges))
-                (and (>= number (caar ranges))
-                     (<= number (cdar ranges))))
-          (setq not-stop nil))
-        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
-      (not not-stop))))
-
-(defun gnus-list-range-intersection (list ranges)
-  "Return a list of numbers in LIST that are members of RANGES.
-LIST is a sorted list."
-  (setq ranges (gnus-range-normalize ranges))
-  (let (number result)
-    (while (setq number (pop list))
-      (while (and ranges
-                  (if (numberp (car ranges))
-                      (< (car ranges) number)
-                    (< (cdar ranges) number)))
-        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
-      (when (and ranges
-                 (if (numberp (car ranges))
-                      (= (car ranges) number)
-                   ;; (caar ranges) <= number <= (cdar ranges)
-                   (>= number (caar ranges))))
-        (push number result)))
-    (nreverse result)))
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-uncompress-range
+  #'range-uncompress "29.1")
+
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-add-to-range
+  #'range-add-list "29.1")
+
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-remove-from-range
+  #'range-remove "29.1")
+
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-member-of-range #'range-member-p "29.1")
+
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-list-range-intersection
+  #'range-list-intersection "29.1")
 
 (defalias 'gnus-inverse-list-range-intersection 'gnus-list-range-difference)
 
-(defun gnus-list-range-difference (list ranges)
-  "Return a list of numbers in LIST that are not members of RANGES.
-LIST is a sorted list."
-  (setq ranges (gnus-range-normalize ranges))
-  (let (number result)
-    (while (setq number (pop list))
-      (while (and ranges
-                  (if (numberp (car ranges))
-                      (< (car ranges) number)
-                    (< (cdar ranges) number)))
-        (setq ranges (cdr ranges)))
-      (when (or (not ranges)
-                (if (numberp (car ranges))
-                    (not (= (car ranges) number))
-                  ;; not ((caar ranges) <= number <= (cdar ranges))
-                  (< number (caar ranges))))
-        (push number result)))
-    (nreverse result)))
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-list-range-difference
+  #'range-list-difference "29.1")
+
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-range-length #'range-length "29.1")
 
-(defun gnus-range-length (range)
-  "Return the length RANGE would have if uncompressed."
-  (cond
-   ((null range)
-    0)
-   ((not (listp (cdr range)))
-    (- (cdr range) (car range) -1))
-   (t
-    (let ((sum 0))
-      (dolist (x range sum)
-        (setq sum
-              (+ sum (if (consp x) (- (cdr x) (car x) -1) 1))))))))
-
-(defun gnus-range-add (range1 range2)
-  "Add RANGE2 to RANGE1 (nondestructively)."
-  (unless (listp (cdr range1))
-    (setq range1 (list range1)))
-  (unless (listp (cdr range2))
-    (setq range2 (list range2)))
-  (let ((item1 (pop range1))
-        (item2 (pop range2))
-        range item selector)
-    (while (or item1 item2)
-      (setq selector
-            (cond
-             ((null item1) nil)
-             ((null item2) t)
-             ((and (numberp item1) (numberp item2)) (< item1 item2))
-             ((numberp item1) (< item1 (car item2)))
-             ((numberp item2) (< (car item1) item2))
-             (t (< (car item1) (car item2)))))
-      (setq item
-            (or
-             (let ((tmp1 item) (tmp2 (if selector item1 item2)))
-               (cond
-                ((null tmp1) tmp2)
-                ((null tmp2) tmp1)
-                ((and (numberp tmp1) (numberp tmp2))
-                 (cond
-                  ((eq tmp1 tmp2) tmp1)
-                  ((eq (1+ tmp1) tmp2) (cons tmp1 tmp2))
-                  ((eq (1+ tmp2) tmp1) (cons tmp2 tmp1))
-                  (t nil)))
-                ((numberp tmp1)
-                 (cond
-                  ((and (>= tmp1 (car tmp2)) (<= tmp1 (cdr tmp2))) tmp2)
-                  ((eq (1+ tmp1) (car tmp2)) (cons tmp1 (cdr tmp2)))
-                  ((eq (1- tmp1) (cdr tmp2)) (cons (car tmp2) tmp1))
-                  (t nil)))
-                ((numberp tmp2)
-                 (cond
-                  ((and (>= tmp2 (car tmp1)) (<= tmp2 (cdr tmp1))) tmp1)
-                  ((eq (1+ tmp2) (car tmp1)) (cons tmp2 (cdr tmp1)))
-                  ((eq (1- tmp2) (cdr tmp1)) (cons (car tmp1) tmp2))
-                  (t nil)))
-                ((< (1+ (cdr tmp1)) (car tmp2)) nil)
-                ((< (1+ (cdr tmp2)) (car tmp1)) nil)
-                (t (cons (min (car tmp1) (car tmp2))
-                         (max (cdr tmp1) (cdr tmp2))))))
-             (progn
-               (if item (push item range))
-               (if selector item1 item2))))
-      (if selector
-          (setq item1 (pop range1))
-        (setq item2 (pop range2))))
-    (if item (push item range))
-    (reverse range)))
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-range-add #'range-concat "29.1")
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun gnus-add-to-sorted-list (list num)
@@ -649,18 +277,7 @@ LIST is a sorted list."
       (setcdr prev (cons num list)))
     (cdr top)))
 
-(defun gnus-range-map (func range)
-  "Apply FUNC to each value contained by RANGE."
-  (setq range (gnus-range-normalize range))
-  (while range
-    (let ((span (pop range)))
-      (if (numberp span)
-          (funcall func span)
-        (let ((first (car span))
-              (last (cdr span)))
-          (while (<= first last)
-            (funcall func first)
-            (setq first (1+ first))))))))
+(define-obsolete-function-alias 'gnus-range-map #'range-map "29.1")
 
 (provide 'gnus-range)
 
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-start.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-start.el
index 252e6e22299..2cf11fb12f9 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-start.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-start.el
@@ -1884,13 +1884,12 @@ The info element is shared with the same element of
          (ranges (gnus-info-read info))
          news article)
     (while articles
-      (when (gnus-member-of-range
-             (setq article (pop articles)) ranges)
+      (when (range-member-p (setq article (pop articles)) ranges)
         (push article news)))
     (when news
       ;; Enter this list into the group info.
       (setf (gnus-info-read info)
-            (gnus-remove-from-range (gnus-info-read info) (nreverse news)))
+            (range-remove (gnus-info-read info) (nreverse news)))
 
       ;; Set the number of unread articles in gnus-newsrc-hashtb.
       (gnus-get-unread-articles-in-group info (gnus-active group))
@@ -2362,10 +2361,10 @@ The form should return either t or nil."
               ticked (cdr (assq 'tick marks)))
         (when (or dormant ticked)
           (setf (gnus-info-read info)
-                (gnus-add-to-range
+                (range-add-list
                  (gnus-info-read info)
-                 (nconc (gnus-uncompress-range dormant)
-                        (gnus-uncompress-range ticked)))))))))
+                 (nconc (range-uncompress dormant)
+                        (range-uncompress ticked)))))))))
 
 (defun gnus-load (file)
   "Load FILE, but in such a way that read errors can be reported."
@@ -2457,8 +2456,7 @@ The form should return either t or nil."
           (unless (nthcdr 3 info)
             (nconc info (list nil)))
           (setf (gnus-info-marks info)
-                (list (cons 'tick (gnus-compress-sequence
-                                   (sort (cdr m) #'<) t))))))
+                (list (cons 'tick (range-compress-list (sort (cdr m) #'<)))))))
       (setq newsrc killed)
       (while newsrc
         (setcar newsrc (caar newsrc))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-sum.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-sum.el
index d3e476b5d64..8fb07d5905c 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-sum.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-sum.el
@@ -5755,7 +5755,7 @@ If SELECT-ARTICLES, only select those articles from GROUP."
               ;;  (let ((n (cdr (gnus-active group))))
               ;;    (lambda () (> number (- n display))))
               (setq select-articles
-                    (gnus-uncompress-range
+                    (range-uncompress
                      (cons (let ((tmp (- (cdr (gnus-active group)) display)))
                              (if (> tmp 0)
                                  tmp
@@ -5928,7 +5928,7 @@ If SELECT-ARTICLES, only select those articles from GROUP."
   "Find out what articles the user wants to read."
   (let* ((only-read-p t)
          (articles
-          (gnus-list-range-difference
+          (range-list-difference
           ;; Select all articles if `read-all' is non-nil, or if there
           ;; are no unread articles.
           (if (or read-all
@@ -5943,13 +5943,13 @@ If SELECT-ARTICLES, only select those articles from GROUP."
               (or
                (if gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles
                    (let ((active (gnus-active group)))
-                     (gnus-uncompress-range
+                     (range-uncompress
                       (cons (max (car active)
                                  (- (cdr active)
                                     gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles
                                     -1))
                             (cdr active))))
-                 (gnus-uncompress-range (gnus-active group)))
+                 (range-uncompress (gnus-active group)))
                (gnus-cache-articles-in-group group))
             ;; Select only the "normal" subset of articles.
             (setq only-read-p nil)
@@ -6040,7 +6040,7 @@ If SELECT-ARTICLES, only select those articles from GROUP."
 (defun gnus-killed-articles (killed articles)
   (let (out)
     (while articles
-      (when (inline (gnus-member-of-range (car articles) killed))
+      (when (inline (range-member-p (car articles) killed))
         (push (car articles) out))
       (setq articles (cdr articles)))
     out))
@@ -6078,7 +6078,7 @@ If SELECT-ARTICLES, only select those articles from GROUP."
        ;; Adjust "simple" lists - compressed yet unsorted
        ((eq mark-type 'list)
         ;; Simultaneously uncompress and clip to active range
-        ;; See gnus-uncompress-range for a description of possible marks
+        ;; See range-uncompress for a description of possible marks
         (let (l lh)
           (if (not (cadr marks))
               (set var nil)
@@ -6177,10 +6177,10 @@ If SELECT-ARTICLES, only select those articles from GROUP."
         ;; When exiting the group, everything that's previously been
         ;; unseen is now seen.
         (when (eq (cdr type) 'seen)
-          (setq list (gnus-range-add list gnus-newsgroup-unseen)))
+          (setq list (range-concat list gnus-newsgroup-unseen)))
 
         (when (eq (gnus-article-mark-to-type (cdr type)) 'list)
-          (setq list (gnus-compress-sequence (set symbol (sort list #'<)) t)))
+          (setq list (range-compress-list (set symbol (sort list #'<)))))
 
         (when (and (gnus-check-backend-function
                     'request-set-mark gnus-newsgroup-name)
@@ -6189,20 +6189,19 @@ If SELECT-ARTICLES, only select those articles from GROUP."
                  ;; Don't do anything about marks for articles we
                  ;; didn't actually get any headers for.
                  (del
-                  (gnus-list-range-intersection
+                  (range-list-intersection
                    gnus-newsgroup-articles
-                   (gnus-remove-from-range (copy-tree old) list)))
+                   (range-remove (copy-tree old) list)))
                  (add
-                  (gnus-list-range-intersection
+                  (range-list-intersection
                    gnus-newsgroup-articles
-                   (gnus-remove-from-range
-                    (copy-tree list) old))))
+                   (range-remove (copy-tree list) old))))
             (when add
               (push (list add 'add (list (cdr type))) delta-marks))
             (when del
               ;; Don't delete marks from outside the active range.
               ;; This shouldn't happen, but is a sanity check.
-              (setq del (gnus-sorted-range-intersection
+              (setq del (range-intersection
                          (gnus-active gnus-newsgroup-name) del))
               (push (list del 'del (list (cdr type))) delta-marks))))
 
@@ -6386,7 +6385,7 @@ The resulting hash table is returned, or nil if no Xrefs were found."
           (setq ninfo (cons 1 (1- (car active))))
         (setq ninfo (gnus-info-read info)))
       ;; Then we add the read articles to the range.
-      (gnus-add-to-range
+      (range-add-list
        ninfo (setq articles (sort articles #'<))))))
 
 (defun gnus-group-make-articles-read (group articles)
@@ -6967,10 +6966,10 @@ displayed, no centering will be performed."
          (marked (gnus-info-marks info))
          (active (gnus-active group)))
     (and info active
-         (gnus-list-range-difference
-          (gnus-list-range-difference
+         (range-list-difference
+          (range-list-difference
            (gnus-sorted-complement
-            (gnus-uncompress-range
+            (range-uncompress
              (if gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles
                  (cons (max (car active)
                             (- (cdr active)
@@ -7129,12 +7128,11 @@ The prefix argument ALL means to select all articles."
       (when group
         (when gnus-newsgroup-kill-headers
           (setq gnus-newsgroup-killed
-                (gnus-compress-sequence
+                (range-compress-list
                  (gnus-sorted-union
-                  (gnus-list-range-intersection
+                  (range-list-intersection
                    gnus-newsgroup-unselected gnus-newsgroup-killed)
-                  gnus-newsgroup-unreads)
-                 t)))
+                  gnus-newsgroup-unreads))))
         (unless (listp (cdr gnus-newsgroup-killed))
           (setq gnus-newsgroup-killed (list gnus-newsgroup-killed)))
         (let ((headers gnus-newsgroup-headers)
@@ -10241,8 +10239,8 @@ ACTION can be either `move' (the default), `crosspost' or `copy'."
                        (cdr art-group))
               (push 'read to-marks)
               (setf (gnus-info-read info)
-                    (gnus-add-to-range (gnus-info-read info)
-                                       (list (cdr art-group)))))
+                    (range-add-list (gnus-info-read info)
+                                    (list (cdr art-group)))))
 
             ;; See whether the article is to be put in the cache.
             (let* ((expirable (gnus-group-auto-expirable-p to-group))
@@ -10525,7 +10523,7 @@ This will be the case if the article has both been mailed and posted."
     ;; This backend supports expiry.
     (let* ((total (gnus-group-total-expirable-p gnus-newsgroup-name))
            (expirable
-            (gnus-list-range-difference
+            (range-list-difference
              (if total
                  (progn
                    ;; We need to update the info for
@@ -11898,7 +11896,8 @@ Returns nil if no threads were there to be hidden."
   (beginning-of-line)
   (let ((start (point))
         (starteol (line-end-position))
-        (article (gnus-summary-article-number)))
+        (article (unless (gnus-summary-article-intangible-p)
+                   (gnus-summary-article-number))))
     ;; Go forward until either the buffer ends or the subthread ends.
     (when (and (not (eobp))
                (or (zerop (gnus-summary-next-thread 1 t))
@@ -11912,7 +11911,9 @@ Returns nil if no threads were there to be hidden."
               (let ((ol (make-overlay starteol (point) nil t nil)))
                 (overlay-put ol 'invisible 'gnus-sum)
                 (overlay-put ol 'evaporate t)))
-            (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
+            (if article
+                (gnus-summary-goto-subject article)
+              (gnus-summary-position-point))
             ;; We moved backward past the start point (invisible thread?)
             (when (> start (point))
               (goto-char starteol)))
@@ -12871,8 +12872,8 @@ UNREAD is a sorted list."
                         (gnus-find-method-for-group group)
                         'server-marks)
                        (gnus-check-backend-function 'request-set-mark group))
-              (let ((del (gnus-remove-from-range (gnus-info-read info) read))
-                    (add (gnus-remove-from-range read (gnus-info-read info))))
+              (let ((del (range-remove (gnus-info-read info) read))
+                    (add (range-remove read (gnus-info-read info))))
                 (when (or add del)
                   (unless (gnus-check-group group)
                     (error "Can't open server for %s" group))
@@ -13130,10 +13131,10 @@ If ALL is a number, fetch this number of articles."
               ;; Some nntp servers lie about their active range.  When
               ;; this happens, the active range can be in the millions.
               ;; Use a compressed range to avoid creating a huge list.
-              (gnus-range-difference
-               (gnus-range-difference (list gnus-newsgroup-active) old)
+              (range-difference
+               (range-difference (list gnus-newsgroup-active) old)
                gnus-newsgroup-unexist))
-        (setq len (gnus-range-length older))
+        (setq len (range-length older))
         (cond
          ((null older) nil)
          ((numberp all)
@@ -13150,9 +13151,9 @@ If ALL is a number, fetch this number of articles."
                       (push max older)
                       (setq all (1- all)
                             max (1- max))))))
-            (setq older (gnus-uncompress-range older))))
+            (setq older (range-uncompress older))))
          (all
-          (setq older (gnus-uncompress-range older)))
+          (setq older (range-uncompress older)))
          (t
           (when (and (numberp gnus-large-newsgroup)
                    (> len gnus-large-newsgroup))
@@ -13187,7 +13188,7 @@ If ALL is a number, fetch this number of articles."
                               (push max older)
                               (setq all (1- all)
                                     max (1- max))))))))))
-          (setq older (gnus-uncompress-range older))))
+          (setq older (range-uncompress older))))
         (if (not older)
             (message "No old news.")
           (gnus-summary-insert-articles older)
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el b/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el
index 9a48f710e55..5d0c0e2654b 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 (autoload 'pop3-movemail "pop3")
 (autoload 'pop3-get-message-count "pop3")
 (require 'mm-util)
+(require 'gnus-range)
 (require 'message) ;; for `message-directory'
 
 (defvar display-time-mail-function)
@@ -1048,8 +1049,6 @@ This only works when `display-time' is enabled."
 (autoload 'imap-range-to-message-set "imap")
 (autoload 'nnheader-ms-strip-cr "nnheader")
 
-(autoload 'gnus-compress-sequence "gnus-range")
-
 (defvar mail-source-imap-file-coding-system 'binary
   "Coding system for the crashbox made by `mail-source-fetch-imap'.")
 
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/message.el b/lisp/gnus/message.el
index 8f11e538c5a..a6c6a16653d 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/message.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/message.el
@@ -4357,7 +4357,11 @@ it is left unchanged."
 (defun message-update-smtp-method-header ()
   "Insert an X-Message-SMTP-Method header according to `message-server-alist'."
   (unless (message-fetch-field "X-Message-SMTP-Method")
-    (let ((from (cadr (mail-extract-address-components (message-fetch-field "From"))))
+    (let ((from (cadr (mail-extract-address-components
+                       (save-restriction
+                         (widen)
+                         (message-narrow-to-headers-or-head)
+                         (message-fetch-field "From")))))
           method)
       (catch 'exit
         (dolist (server message-server-alist)
@@ -4901,7 +4905,18 @@ If you always want Gnus to send messages in one piece, set
               (message-generate-headers '(Lines)))
             ;; Remove some headers.
             (message-remove-header message-ignored-mail-headers t)
-            (mail-encode-encoded-word-buffer))
+            (mail-encode-encoded-word-buffer)
+            ;; Then check for suspicious addresses.
+            (dolist (hdr '("To" "Cc" "Bcc"))
+              (let ((addr (message-fetch-field hdr)))
+                (when (stringp addr)
+                  (dolist (address (mail-header-parse-addresses addr t))
+                    (when-let ((warning (textsec-suspicious-p
+                                         address 'email-address-header)))
+                      (unless (y-or-n-p
+                               (format "Suspicious address: %s; send anyway?"
+                                       warning))
+                        (user-error "Suspicious address %s" address))))))))
           (goto-char (point-max))
           ;; require one newline at the end.
           (or (= (preceding-char) ?\n)
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/mm-view.el b/lisp/gnus/mm-view.el
index b110750c098..c40c38a95f9 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/mm-view.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/mm-view.el
@@ -504,8 +504,6 @@ If MODE is not set, try to find mode automatically."
           (setq coding-system (mm-find-buffer-file-coding-system)))
         (setq text (buffer-string))))
     (with-temp-buffer
-      (buffer-disable-undo)
-      (mm-enable-multibyte)
       (insert (cond ((eq charset 'gnus-decoded)
                      (with-current-buffer (mm-handle-buffer handle)
                        (buffer-string)))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnheader.el b/lisp/gnus/nnheader.el
index 8b3718ed7e8..c1c5f00ff7f 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnheader.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnheader.el
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 ;;; Code:
 
 (eval-when-compile (require 'cl-lib))
+(require 'range)
 
 (defvar gnus-decode-encoded-word-function)
 (defvar gnus-decode-encoded-address-function)
@@ -44,8 +45,6 @@
 (require 'mm-util)
 (require 'gnus-util)
 (autoload 'gnus-remove-odd-characters "gnus-sum")
-(autoload 'gnus-range-add "gnus-range")
-(autoload 'gnus-remove-from-range "gnus-range")
 ;; FIXME none of these are used explicitly in this file.
 (autoload 'gnus-sorted-intersection "gnus-range")
 (autoload 'gnus-intersection "gnus-range")
@@ -1044,10 +1043,9 @@ See `find-file-noselect' for the arguments."
                mark
                (cond
                 ((eq what 'add)
-                 (gnus-range-add (cdr (assoc mark backend-marks)) range))
+                 (range-concat (cdr (assoc mark backend-marks)) range))
                 ((eq what 'del)
-                 (gnus-remove-from-range
-                  (cdr (assoc mark backend-marks)) range))
+                 (range-remove (cdr (assoc mark backend-marks)) range))
                 ((eq what 'set)
                  range))
                backend-marks)))))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnimap.el b/lisp/gnus/nnimap.el
index cff628061e9..afd5418912f 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnimap.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnimap.el
@@ -1660,13 +1660,13 @@ If LIMIT, first try to limit the search to the N last articles."
                         (cdr (assoc '%Seen flags))
                         (cdr (assoc '%Deleted flags))))
                       (cdr (assoc '%Flagged flags)))))
-                   (read (gnus-range-difference
+                   (read (range-difference
                           (cons start-article high) unread)))
               (when (> start-article 1)
                 (setq read
                       (gnus-range-nconcat
                        (if (> start-article 1)
-                           (gnus-sorted-range-intersection
+                           (range-intersection
                             (cons 1 (1- start-article))
                             (gnus-info-read info))
                          (gnus-info-read info))
@@ -1691,7 +1691,7 @@ If LIMIT, first try to limit the search to the N last articles."
                     (pop old-marks)
                     (when (and old-marks
                                (> start-article 1))
-                      (setq old-marks (gnus-range-difference
+                      (setq old-marks (range-difference
                                        old-marks
                                        (cons start-article high)))
                       (setq new-marks (gnus-range-nconcat old-marks new-marks)))
@@ -1702,15 +1702,15 @@ If LIMIT, first try to limit the search to the N last articles."
                      (active (gnus-active group))
                      (unexists
                       (if completep
-                          (gnus-range-difference
+                          (range-difference
                            active
                            (gnus-compress-sequence existing))
-                        (gnus-add-to-range
+                        (range-add-list
                          (cdr old-unexists)
-                         (gnus-list-range-difference
+                         (range-list-difference
                           existing (gnus-active group))))))
                 (when (> (car active) 1)
-                  (setq unexists (gnus-range-add
+                  (setq unexists (range-concat
                                   (cons 1 (1- (car active)))
                                   unexists)))
                 (if old-unexists
@@ -1733,10 +1733,9 @@ If LIMIT, first try to limit the search to the N last articles."
 (defun nnimap-update-qresync-info (info existing vanished flags)
   ;; Add all the vanished articles to the list of read articles.
   (setf (gnus-info-read info)
-        (gnus-add-to-range
-         (gnus-add-to-range
-          (gnus-range-add (gnus-info-read info)
-                          vanished)
+        (range-add-list
+         (range-add-list
+          (range-concat (gnus-info-read info) vanished)
           (cdr (assq '%Flagged flags)))
          (cdr (assq '%Seen flags))))
   (let ((marks (gnus-info-marks info)))
@@ -1750,9 +1749,9 @@ If LIMIT, first try to limit the search to the N last articles."
           (setq marks (delq ticks marks))
           (pop ticks)
           ;; Add the new marks we got.
-          (setq ticks (gnus-add-to-range ticks new-marks))
+          (setq ticks (range-add-list ticks new-marks))
           ;; Remove the marks from messages that don't have them.
-          (setq ticks (gnus-remove-from-range
+          (setq ticks (range-remove
                        ticks
                        (gnus-compress-sequence
                         (gnus-sorted-complement existing new-marks))))
@@ -1762,7 +1761,7 @@ If LIMIT, first try to limit the search to the N last articles."
     ;; Add vanished to the list of unexisting articles.
     (when vanished
       (let* ((old-unexists (assq 'unexist marks))
-             (unexists (gnus-range-add (cdr old-unexists) vanished)))
+             (unexists (range-concat (cdr old-unexists) vanished)))
         (if old-unexists
             (setcdr old-unexists unexists)
           (push (cons 'unexist unexists) marks)))
@@ -2242,7 +2241,7 @@ Return the server's response to the SELECT or EXAMINE command."
     (while (re-search-forward "^\\([0-9]+\\) OK\\b" nil t)
       (setq sequence (string-to-number (match-string 1)))
       (when (setq range (cadr (assq sequence sequences)))
-        (push (gnus-uncompress-range range) copied)))
+        (push (range-uncompress range) copied)))
     (gnus-compress-sequence (sort (apply #'nconc copied) #'<))))
 
 (defun nnimap-new-articles (flags)
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnmaildir.el b/lisp/gnus/nnmaildir.el
index 690761a2d6c..30f473b1291 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnmaildir.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnmaildir.el
@@ -1006,10 +1006,10 @@ This variable is set by `nnmaildir-request-article'.")
             existing (nnmaildir--grp-nlist group)
             existing (mapcar #'car existing)
             existing (nreverse existing)
-            existing (gnus-compress-sequence existing 'always-list)
+            existing (range-compress-list existing)
             missing (list (cons 1 (nnmaildir--group-maxnum
                                    nnmaildir--cur-server group)))
-            missing (gnus-range-difference missing existing)
+            missing (range-difference missing existing)
             dir (nnmaildir--srv-dir nnmaildir--cur-server)
             dir (nnmaildir--srvgrp-dir dir gname)
             dir (nnmaildir--nndir dir)
@@ -1076,10 +1076,10 @@ This variable is set by `nnmaildir-request-article'.")
                  (let ((article (nnmaildir--flist-art flist prefix)))
                    (when article
                      (push (nnmaildir--art-num article) article-list))))))
-            (setq ranges (gnus-add-to-range ranges (sort article-list #'<)))))
+            (setq ranges (range-add-list ranges (sort article-list #'<)))))
         (if (eq mark 'read) (setq read ranges)
           (if ranges (setq marks (cons (cons mark ranges) marks)))))
-      (setf (gnus-info-read info) (gnus-range-add read missing))
+      (setf (gnus-info-read info) (range-concat read missing))
       (gnus-info-set-marks info marks 'extend)
       (setf (nnmaildir--grp-mmth group) new-mmth)
       info)))
@@ -1548,11 +1548,11 @@ This variable is set by `nnmaildir-request-article'.")
       (unless group
         (setf (nnmaildir--srv-error nnmaildir--cur-server)
               (if gname (concat "No such group: " gname) "No current group"))
-        (throw 'return (gnus-uncompress-range ranges)))
+        (throw 'return (range-uncompress ranges)))
       (setq gname (nnmaildir--grp-name group)
             pgname (nnmaildir--pgname nnmaildir--cur-server gname))
       (if (nnmaildir--param pgname 'read-only)
-          (throw 'return (gnus-uncompress-range ranges)))
+          (throw 'return (range-uncompress ranges)))
       (setq time (nnmaildir--param pgname 'expire-age))
       (unless time
         (setq time (or (and nnmail-expiry-wait-function
@@ -1564,7 +1564,7 @@ This variable is set by `nnmaildir-request-article'.")
               (setq time (round (* time 86400))))))
       (when no-force
         (unless (integerp time) ;; handle 'never
-          (throw 'return (gnus-uncompress-range ranges)))
+          (throw 'return (range-uncompress ranges)))
         (setq boundary (time-since time)))
       (setq dir (nnmaildir--srv-dir nnmaildir--cur-server)
             dir (nnmaildir--srvgrp-dir dir gname)
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ This variable is set by `nnmaildir-request-article'.")
         (setf (nnmaildir--srv-error nnmaildir--cur-server)
               (concat "No such group: " gname))
         (dolist (action actions)
-          (setq ranges (gnus-range-add ranges (car action))))
+          (setq ranges (range-concat ranges (car action))))
         (throw 'return ranges))
       (setq nlist (nnmaildir--grp-nlist group)
             marksdir (nnmaildir--srv-dir nnmaildir--cur-server)
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnmairix.el b/lisp/gnus/nnmairix.el
index 8ca1cf0fe8b..4e8e329f983 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnmairix.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnmairix.el
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ Other back ends might or might not work.")
       (dolist (cur actions)
         (let ((type (nth 1 cur))
               (cmdmarks (nth 2 cur))
-              (range (gnus-uncompress-range (nth 0 cur)))
+              (range (range-uncompress (nth 0 cur)))
               mid ogroup temp) ;; number method
           (when (and corr
                      (not (zerop (cadr corr))))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnmbox.el b/lisp/gnus/nnmbox.el
index 5a350aac746..96ecc34e156 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnmbox.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnmbox.el
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@
     ;; add article to index, either by building complete list
     ;; in reverse order, or as a list of ranges.
     (if (not nnmbox-group-building-active-articles)
-        (setcdr entry (gnus-add-to-range (cdr entry) (list article)))
+        (setcdr entry (range-add-list (cdr entry) (list article)))
       (when (memq article (cdr entry))
         (switch-to-buffer nnmbox-mbox-buffer)
         (error "Article %s:%d already exists!" group article))
@@ -548,10 +548,10 @@
                       nnmbox-group-active-articles)
                 (car nnmbox-group-active-articles)))))
     ;; remove article from index
-    (setcdr entry (gnus-remove-from-range (cdr entry) (list article)))))
+    (setcdr entry (range-remove (cdr entry) (list article)))))
 
 (defun nnmbox-is-article-active-p (article)
-  (gnus-member-of-range
+  (range-member-p
    article
    (cdr (assoc nnmbox-current-group
                nnmbox-group-active-articles))))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnml.el b/lisp/gnus/nnml.el
index afdb0c780a5..7fe2b516cce 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnml.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnml.el
@@ -1078,21 +1078,20 @@ Use the nov database for the current group if available."
                 ;; #### doing anything on them.
                 ;; 2 a/ read articles:
                 (let ((read (gnus-info-read info)))
-                  (setq read (gnus-remove-from-range read (list new-number)))
-                  (when (gnus-member-of-range old-number read)
-                    (setq read (gnus-remove-from-range read (list old-number)))
-                    (setq read (gnus-add-to-range read (list new-number))))
+                  (setq read (range-remove read (list new-number)))
+                  (when (range-member-p old-number read)
+                    (setq read (range-remove read (list old-number)))
+                    (setq read (range-add-list read (list new-number))))
                   (setf (gnus-info-read info) read))
                 ;; 2 b/ marked articles:
                 (let ((oldmarks (gnus-info-marks info))
                       mark newmarks)
                   (while (setq mark (pop oldmarks))
-                    (setcdr mark (gnus-remove-from-range (cdr mark)
-                                                         (list new-number)))
-                    (when (gnus-member-of-range old-number (cdr mark))
-                      (setcdr mark (gnus-remove-from-range (cdr mark)
-                                                           (list old-number)))
-                      (setcdr mark (gnus-add-to-range (cdr mark)
+                    (setcdr mark (range-remove (cdr mark) (list new-number)))
+                    (when (range-member-p old-number (cdr mark))
+                      (setcdr mark (range-remove (cdr mark)
+                                                 (list old-number)))
+                      (setcdr mark (range-add-list (cdr mark)
                                                       (list new-number))))
                     (push mark newmarks))
                   (setf (gnus-info-marks info) newmarks))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el b/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el
index 9d744ea411e..205456a57df 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ as `(keyfunc member)' and the corresponding element is just
   (inline-quote
    (cond
     ((eq ,type 'range)
-     (nnselect-categorize (gnus-uncompress-range ,articles)
+     (nnselect-categorize (range-uncompress ,articles)
                           #'nnselect-article-group #'nnselect-article-number))
     ((eq ,type 'tuple)
      (nnselect-categorize ,articles
@@ -542,10 +542,10 @@ If this variable is nil, or if the provided function returns nil,
              (group-info (gnus-get-info artgroup))
              (marks (gnus-info-marks group-info))
              (unread (gnus-uncompress-sequence
-                      (gnus-range-difference (gnus-active artgroup)
-                                             (gnus-info-read group-info)))))
+                      (range-difference (gnus-active artgroup)
+                                        (gnus-info-read group-info)))))
         (setf (gnus-info-read info)
-              (gnus-add-to-range
+              (range-add-list
                (gnus-info-read info)
                (delq nil (mapcar
                           (lambda (art)
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ If this variable is nil, or if the provided function returns nil,
                                artids))
                              (t
                               (setq mark-list
-                                    (gnus-uncompress-range mark-list))
+                                    (range-uncompress mark-list))
                               (mapcar
                                (lambda (id)
                                  (when (memq (cdr id) mark-list)
@@ -866,16 +866,16 @@ article came from is also searched."
               (when (and (gnus-check-backend-function
                           'request-set-mark artgroup)
                          (not (gnus-article-unpropagatable-p type)))
-                (let* ((old (gnus-list-range-intersection
+                (let* ((old (range-list-intersection
                              artlist
                              (alist-get type (gnus-info-marks group-info))))
-                       (del (gnus-remove-from-range (copy-tree old) list))
-                       (add (gnus-remove-from-range (copy-tree list) old)))
+                       (del (range-remove (copy-tree old) list))
+                       (add (range-remove (copy-tree list) old)))
                   (when add (push (list add 'add (list type)) delta-marks))
                   (when del
                     ;; Don't delete marks from outside the active range.
                     ;; This shouldn't happen, but is a sanity check.
-                    (setq del (gnus-sorted-range-intersection
+                    (setq del (range-intersection
                                (gnus-active artgroup) del))
                     (push (list del 'del (list type)) delta-marks))))
 
@@ -910,18 +910,18 @@ article came from is also searched."
                               (< (car elt1) (car elt2))))))
                (t
                 (setq list
-                      (gnus-compress-sequence
+                      (range-compress-list
                        (gnus-sorted-union
                         (gnus-sorted-difference
                          (gnus-uncompress-sequence
                           (alist-get type (gnus-info-marks group-info)))
                          artlist)
-                        (sort list #'<)) t)))
+                        (sort list #'<)))))
 
                ;; When exiting the group, everything that's previously been
                ;; unseen is now seen.
                (when (eq  type 'seen)
-                 (setq list (gnus-range-add
+                 (setq list (range-concat
                              list (cdr (assoc artgroup select-unseen))))))
 
               (when (or list (eq  type 'unexist))
@@ -944,9 +944,9 @@ article came from is also searched."
             ;; update read and unread
             (gnus-update-read-articles
              artgroup
-             (gnus-uncompress-range
-              (gnus-add-to-range
-               (gnus-remove-from-range
+             (range-uncompress
+              (range-add-list
+               (range-remove
                 old-unread
                 (cdr (assoc artgroup select-reads)))
                (sort (cdr (assoc artgroup select-unreads)) #'<))))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnvirtual.el b/lisp/gnus/nnvirtual.el
index 7478a2dd0af..cc87a707ce6 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnvirtual.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnvirtual.el
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ It is computed from the marks of individual component groups.")
                               (lambda (article)
                                 (nnvirtual-reverse-map-article
                                  group article))
-                              (gnus-uncompress-range
+                              (range-uncompress
                                (gnus-group-expire-articles-1 group))))))
     (sort (delq nil unexpired) #'<)))
 
diff --git a/lisp/help-fns.el b/lisp/help-fns.el
index e000a68a823..98a1b11e088 100644
--- a/lisp/help-fns.el
+++ b/lisp/help-fns.el
@@ -496,9 +496,16 @@ suitable file is found, return nil."
     (let ((pt2 (with-current-buffer standard-output (point)))
           (remapped (command-remapping function)))
       (unless (memq remapped '(ignore undefined))
-        (let ((keys (where-is-internal
-                     (or remapped function) overriding-local-map nil nil))
-              non-modified-keys)
+        (let* ((all-keys (where-is-internal
+                          (or remapped function) overriding-local-map nil nil))
+               (seps (seq-group-by
+                      (lambda (key)
+                        (and (vectorp key)
+                             (eq (elt key 0) 'menu-bar)))
+                      all-keys))
+               (keys (cdr (assq nil seps)))
+               (menus (cdr (assq t seps)))
+               non-modified-keys)
           (if (and (eq function 'self-insert-command)
                    (vectorp (car-safe keys))
                    (consp (aref (car keys) 0)))
@@ -522,24 +529,42 @@ suitable file is found, return nil."
               ;; don't mention them one by one.
               (if (< (length non-modified-keys) 10)
                   (with-current-buffer standard-output
-                    (insert (mapconcat #'help--key-description-fontified
-                                       keys ", ")))
+                    (help-fns--insert-bindings keys))
                 (dolist (key non-modified-keys)
                   (setq keys (delq key keys)))
                 (if keys
                     (with-current-buffer standard-output
-                      (insert (mapconcat #'help--key-description-fontified
-                                        keys ", "))
+                      (help-fns--insert-bindings keys)
                       (insert ", and many ordinary text characters"))
-                  (princ "many ordinary text characters"))))
+                  (princ "many ordinary text characters."))))
             (when (or remapped keys non-modified-keys)
               (princ ".")
-              (terpri)))))
+              (terpri)))
 
-      (with-current-buffer standard-output
-        (fill-region-as-paragraph pt2 (point))
-        (unless (looking-back "\n\n" (- (point) 2))
-          (terpri))))))
+          (with-current-buffer standard-output
+            (fill-region-as-paragraph pt2 (point))
+            (unless (bolp)
+              (insert "\n"))
+            (when menus
+              (let ((start (point)))
+                (insert (concat "It can "
+                                (and keys "also ")
+                                "be invoked from the menu: "))
+                ;; FIXME: Should insert menu names instead of key
+                ;; binding names.
+                (help-fns--insert-bindings menus)
+                (insert ".")
+                (fill-region-as-paragraph start (point))))
+            (ensure-empty-lines)))))))
+
+(defun help-fns--insert-bindings (keys)
+  (seq-do-indexed (lambda (key i)
+                    (insert
+                     (cond ((zerop i) "")
+                           ((= i (1- (length keys))) " and ")
+                           (t ", ")))
+                    (insert (help--key-description-fontified key)))
+                  keys))
 
 (defun help-fns--compiler-macro (function)
   (let ((handler (function-get function 'compiler-macro)))
diff --git a/lisp/hi-lock.el b/lisp/hi-lock.el
index b70d4a75690..53e6f779b31 100644
--- a/lisp/hi-lock.el
+++ b/lisp/hi-lock.el
@@ -727,11 +727,12 @@ with completion and history."
                            (cdr (member last-used-face hi-lock-face-defaults))
                            hi-lock-face-defaults))
          face)
-          (if (and hi-lock-auto-select-face (not current-prefix-arg))
+    (if (and hi-lock-auto-select-face (not current-prefix-arg))
         (setq face (or (pop hi-lock--unused-faces) (car defaults)))
-      (setq face (completing-read
-                  (format-prompt "Highlight using face" (car defaults))
-                  obarray 'facep t nil 'face-name-history defaults))
+      (setq face (symbol-name
+                  (read-face-name
+                   (format-prompt "Highlight using face" (car defaults))
+                   defaults)))
       ;; Update list of un-used faces.
       (setq hi-lock--unused-faces (remove face hi-lock--unused-faces))
       ;; Grow the list of defaults.
@@ -855,7 +856,8 @@ SPACES-REGEXP is a regexp to substitute spaces in font-lock search."
   nil)
 
 ;;; Mouse support
-(defun hi-lock-symbol-at-mouse (event)
+(defalias 'highlight-symbol-at-mouse 'hi-lock-face-symbol-at-mouse)
+(defun hi-lock-face-symbol-at-mouse (event)
   "Highlight symbol at mouse click EVENT."
   (interactive "e")
   (save-excursion
@@ -865,13 +867,13 @@ SPACES-REGEXP is a regexp to substitute spaces in font-lock search."
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun hi-lock-context-menu (menu click)
   "Populate MENU with a menu item to highlight symbol at CLICK."
-  (save-excursion
-    (mouse-set-point click)
-    (when (symbol-at-point)
-      (define-key-after menu [highlight-search-separator] menu-bar-separator)
-      (define-key-after menu [highlight-search-mouse]
-        '(menu-item "Highlight Symbol" highlight-symbol-at-mouse
-                    :help "Highlight symbol at point"))))
+  (when (thing-at-mouse click 'symbol)
+    (define-key-after menu [highlight-search-separator] menu-bar-separator
+      'middle-separator)
+    (define-key-after menu [highlight-search-mouse]
+      '(menu-item "Highlight Symbol" highlight-symbol-at-mouse
+                  :help "Highlight symbol at point")
+      'highlight-search-separator))
   menu)
 
 (provide 'hi-lock)
diff --git a/lisp/image-dired.el b/lisp/image-dired.el
index b81df8567bd..9b0bbb70df9 100644
--- a/lisp/image-dired.el
+++ b/lisp/image-dired.el
@@ -2353,7 +2353,8 @@ for deletion instead."
   (interactive)
   (image-dired--with-marked
    (image-dired-delete-char)
-   (backward-char))
+   (unless (bobp)
+     (backward-char)))
   (image-dired--line-up-with-method)
   (with-current-buffer (image-dired-associated-dired-buffer)
     (dired-do-delete)))
diff --git a/lisp/indent.el b/lisp/indent.el
index 40669b38424..d20c8053c5f 100644
--- a/lisp/indent.el
+++ b/lisp/indent.el
@@ -77,10 +77,11 @@ This variable has no effect unless `tab-always-indent' is `complete'."
   :group 'indent
   :type '(choice
           (const :tag "Always complete" nil)
-          (const :tag "Unless at the end of a line" 'eol)
-          (const :tag "Unless looking at a word" 'word)
-          (const :tag "Unless at a word or parenthesis" 'word-or-paren)
-          (const :tag "Unless at a word, parenthesis, or punctuation." 'word-or-paren-or-punct))
+          (const :tag "Unless at the end of a line" eol)
+          (const :tag "Unless looking at a word" word)
+          (const :tag "Unless at a word or parenthesis" word-or-paren)
+          (const :tag "Unless at a word, parenthesis, or punctuation."
+                 word-or-paren-or-punct))
   :version "28.1")
 
 (defvar indent-line-ignored-functions '(indent-relative
@@ -170,7 +171,7 @@ prefix argument is ignored."
     (let ((old-tick (buffer-chars-modified-tick))
           (old-point (point))
           (old-indent (current-indentation))
-          (syn `(,(syntax-after (point)))))
+          (syn (syntax-after (point))))
 
       ;; Indent the line.
       (or (not (eq (indent--funcall-widened indent-line-function) 'noindent))
@@ -182,21 +183,21 @@ prefix argument is ignored."
       (cond
        ;; If the text was already indented right, try completion.
        ((and (eq tab-always-indent 'complete)
-             (eq old-point (point))
-             (eq old-tick (buffer-chars-modified-tick))
+             (eql old-point (point))
+             (eql old-tick (buffer-chars-modified-tick))
              (or (null tab-first-completion)
                  (eq last-command this-command)
-                 (and (equal tab-first-completion 'eol)
+                 (and (eq tab-first-completion 'eol)
                       (eolp))
-                 (and (member tab-first-completion
-                              '(word word-or-paren word-or-paren-or-punct))
-                      (not (member 2 syn)))
-                 (and (member tab-first-completion
-                              '(word-or-paren word-or-paren-or-punct))
-                      (not (or (member 4 syn)
-                               (member 5 syn))))
-                 (and (equal tab-first-completion 'word-or-paren-or-punct)
-                      (not (member 1 syn)))))
+                 (and (memq tab-first-completion
+                            '(word word-or-paren word-or-paren-or-punct))
+                      (not (eql 2 syn)))
+                 (and (memq tab-first-completion
+                            '(word-or-paren word-or-paren-or-punct))
+                      (not (or (eql 4 syn)
+                               (eql 5 syn))))
+                 (and (eq tab-first-completion 'word-or-paren-or-punct)
+                      (not (eql 1 syn)))))
         (completion-at-point))
 
        ;; If a prefix argument was given, rigidly indent the following
diff --git a/lisp/international/characters.el b/lisp/international/characters.el
index 080e7898c47..63ac455ea6a 100644
--- a/lisp/international/characters.el
+++ b/lisp/international/characters.el
@@ -1440,6 +1440,10 @@ Setup `char-width-table' appropriate for non-CJK language environment."
    (set-char-table-range char-script-table range 'tibetan))
  'tibetan)
 
+;; Fix some exceptions that blocks.awk/Blocks.txt couldn't get right.
+(set-char-table-range char-script-table '(#x2ea . #x2eb) 'bopomofo)
+(set-char-table-range char-script-table #xab65 'greek)
+
 
 ;;; Setting unicode-category-table.
 
@@ -1522,8 +1526,11 @@ Setup `char-width-table' appropriate for non-CJK language environment."
 
 ;; We can't use the \N{name} things here, because this file is used
 ;; too early in the build process.
-(defvar glyphless--bidi-control-characters
-  '(#x202a                           ; ?\N{left-to-right embedding}
+(defvar bidi-control-characters
+  '(#x200e                           ; ?\N{left-to-right mark}
+    #x200f                           ; ?\N{right-to-left mark}
+    #x061c                           ; ?\N{arabic letter mark}
+    #x202a                           ; ?\N{left-to-right embedding}
     #x202b                           ; ?\N{right-to-left embedding}
     #x202d                           ; ?\N{left-to-right override}
     #x202e                           ; ?\N{right-to-left override}
@@ -1531,7 +1538,14 @@ Setup `char-width-table' appropriate for non-CJK language environment."
     #x2067                           ; ?\N{right-to-left isolate}
     #x2068                           ; ?\N{first strong isolate}
     #x202c                           ; ?\N{pop directional formatting}
-    #x2069))                         ; ?\N{pop directional isolate})
+    #x2069)                          ; ?\N{pop directional isolate}
+  "List of bidirectional control characters.")
+
+(defun bidi-string-strip-control-characters (string)
+  "Strip bidi control characters from STRING and return the result."
+  (apply #'string (seq-filter (lambda (char)
+                                (not (memq char bidi-control-characters)))
+                              string)))
 
 (defun update-glyphless-char-display (&optional variable value)
   "Make the setting of `glyphless-char-display-control' take effect.
@@ -1578,8 +1592,7 @@ option `glyphless-char-display'."
                                   (or (aref char-acronym-table from)
                                       "UNK")))
                           (when (or (eq target 'format-control)
-                                    (memq from
-                                          glyphless--bidi-control-characters))
+                                    (memq from bidi-control-characters))
                             (set-char-table-range glyphless-char-display
                                                   from this-method)))
                         (setq from (1+ from))))))
diff --git a/lisp/international/emoji.el b/lisp/international/emoji.el
index 264a1f09dc2..df488708afa 100644
--- a/lisp/international/emoji.el
+++ b/lisp/international/emoji.el
@@ -55,6 +55,14 @@
   "Face for emojis that have derivations."
   :version "29.1")
 
+(defvar emoji-alternate-names nil
+  "Alist of emojis and lists of alternate names for the emojis.
+Each element in the alist should have the emoji (as a string) as
+the first element, and the rest of the elements should be strings
+representing names.  For instance:
+
+  (\"🤗\" \"hug\" \"hugging\" \"kind\")")
+
 (defvar emoji--labels nil)
 (defvar emoji--all-bases nil)
 (defvar emoji--derived nil)
@@ -90,8 +98,9 @@ of selecting from emoji display."
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun emoji-search ()
   "Choose and insert an emoji glyph by typing its Unicode name.
-This command prompts for an emoji name, with completion, and inserts it.
-It recognizes the Unicode Standard names of emoji."
+This command prompts for an emoji name, with completion, and
+inserts it.  It recognizes the Unicode Standard names of emoji,
+and also consults the `emoji-alternate-names' alist."
   (interactive "*")
   (emoji--init)
   (emoji--choose-emoji))
@@ -647,29 +656,47 @@ We prefer the earliest unique letter."
 
 (defun emoji--choose-emoji ()
   ;; Use the list of names.
-  (let ((name
-         (completing-read
-          "Insert emoji: "
-          (lambda (string pred action)
-            (if (eq action 'metadata)
-                (list 'metadata
-                      (cons
-                       'affixation-function
-                       ;; Add the glyphs to the start of the displayed
-                       ;; strings when TAB-ing.
-                       (lambda (strings)
-                         (mapcar
-                          (lambda (name)
-                            (list name
-                                  (concat
-                                   (or (gethash name emoji--all-bases) " ")
-                                   "\t")
-                                  ""))
-                          strings))))
-              (complete-with-action action emoji--all-bases string pred)))
-          nil t)))
+  (let* ((table
+          (if (not emoji-alternate-names)
+              ;; If we don't have alternate names, do the efficient version.
+              emoji--all-bases
+            ;; Compute all the (possibly non-unique) names.
+            (let ((table nil))
+              (maphash
+               (lambda (name glyph)
+                 (push (concat name "\t" glyph) table))
+               emoji--all-bases)
+              (dolist (elem emoji-alternate-names)
+                (dolist (name (cdr elem))
+                  (push (concat name "\t" (car elem)) table)))
+              (sort table #'string<))))
+         (name
+          (completing-read
+           "Insert emoji: "
+           (lambda (string pred action)
+             (if (eq action 'metadata)
+                 (list 'metadata
+                       (cons
+                        'affixation-function
+                        ;; Add the glyphs to the start of the displayed
+                        ;; strings when TAB-ing.
+                        (lambda (strings)
+                          (mapcar
+                           (lambda (name)
+                             (if emoji-alternate-names
+                                 (list name "" "")
+                               (list name
+                                     (concat
+                                      (or (gethash name emoji--all-bases) " ")
+                                      "\t")
+                                     "")))
+                           strings))))
+               (complete-with-action action table string pred)))
+           nil t)))
     (when (cl-plusp (length name))
-      (let* ((glyph (gethash name emoji--all-bases))
+      (let* ((glyph (if emoji-alternate-names
+                        (cadr (split-string name "\t"))
+                      (gethash name emoji--all-bases)))
              (derived (gethash glyph emoji--derived)))
         (if (not derived)
             ;; Simple glyph with no derivations.
diff --git a/lisp/international/fontset.el b/lisp/international/fontset.el
index a2e0838a427..bd557df180c 100644
--- a/lisp/international/fontset.el
+++ b/lisp/international/fontset.el
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@
         (elymaic #x10FE0)
         (old-uyghur #x10F70)
         (mahajani #x11150)
-        (sinhala-archaic-number #x111E1)
         (khojki #x11200)
         (khudawadi #x112B0)
         (grantha #x11305)
@@ -253,7 +252,6 @@
         (gunjala-gondi #x11D60)
         (makasar #x11EE0)
         (cuneiform #x12000)
-        (cuneiform-numbers-and-punctuation #x12400)
         (cypro-minoan #x12F90)
         (egyptian #x13000)
         (mro #x16A40)
@@ -262,7 +260,6 @@
         (pahawh-hmong #x16B11)
         (medefaidrin #x16E40)
         (tangut #x17000)
-        (tangut-components #x18800)
         (khitan-small-script #x18B00)
         (nushu #x1B170)
         (duployan-shorthand #x1BC20)
@@ -768,7 +765,6 @@
                     old-uyghur
                     makasar
                     dives-akuru
-                    cuneiform-numbers-and-punctuation
                     cuneiform
                     egyptian
                     tangsa
diff --git a/lisp/international/textsec-check.el b/lisp/international/textsec-check.el
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..567ef73feb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lisp/international/textsec-check.el
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+;;; textsec-check.el --- Check for suspicious texts  -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+;; (at your option) any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;;
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(defgroup textsec nil
+  "Suspicious text identification."
+  :group 'security
+  :version "29.1")
+
+(defcustom textsec-check t
+  "If non-nil, perform some security-related checks on text objects.
+If nil, these checks are disabled."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :version "29.1")
+
+(defface textsec-suspicious
+  '((t (:weight bold :background "red")))
+  "Face used to highlight suspicious strings.")
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun textsec-suspicious-p (object type)
+  "Say whether OBJECT is suspicious for use as TYPE.
+If OBJECT is suspicious, return a string explaining the reason
+for considering it suspicious, otherwise return nil.
+
+Available values of TYPE and corresponding OBJECTs are:
+
+ `url'                   -- a URL; OBJECT should be a URL string.
+
+ `link'                 -- an HTML link; OBJECT should be a cons cell
+                           of the form (URL . LINK-TEXT).
+
+ `domain'               -- a Web domain; OBJECT should be a string.
+
+ `local-address'        -- the local part of an email address; OBJECT
+                           should be a string.
+ `name'                 -- the \"display name\" part of an email address;
+                           OBJECT should be a string.
+
+`email-address'         -- a full email address; OBJECT should be a string.
+
+ `email-address-header' -- a raw email address header in RFC 2822 format;
+                           OBJECT should be a string.
+
+If the user option `textsec-check' is nil, these checks are
+disabled, and this function always returns nil."
+  (if (not textsec-check)
+      nil
+    (require 'textsec)
+    (let ((func (intern (format "textsec-%s-suspicious-p" type))))
+      (unless (fboundp func)
+        (error "%s is not a valid function" func))
+      (funcall func object))))
+
+(provide 'textsec-check)
+
+;;; textsec-check.el ends here
diff --git a/lisp/international/textsec.el b/lisp/international/textsec.el
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..223c0d5c92f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lisp/international/textsec.el
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+;;; textsec.el --- Functions for handling homoglyphs and the like  -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+;; (at your option) any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;;
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'cl-lib)
+(require 'uni-confusable)
+(require 'ucs-normalize)
+(require 'idna-mapping)
+(require 'puny)
+(require 'mail-parse)
+(require 'url)
+
+(defvar textsec--char-scripts nil)
+
+(eval-and-compile
+  (defun textsec--create-script-table (data)
+    "Create the textsec--char-scripts char table."
+    (setq textsec--char-scripts (make-char-table nil))
+    (dolist (scripts data)
+      (dolist (range (cadr scripts))
+        (set-char-table-range textsec--char-scripts
+                              range (car scripts)))))
+  (require 'uni-scripts))
+
+(defun textsec-scripts (string)
+  "Return a list of Unicode scripts used in STRING.
+The scripts returned by this function use the Unicode Script property
+as defined by the Unicode Standard Annex 24 (UAX#24)."
+  (seq-map (lambda (char)
+             (elt textsec--char-scripts char))
+           string))
+
+(defun textsec-single-script-p (string)
+  "Return non-nil if STRING is all in a single Unicode script.
+
+Note that the concept of \"single script\" used by this function
+isn't obvious -- some mixtures of scripts count as a \"single
+script\".  See
+
+  https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/#Mixed_Script_Detection
+
+for details.  The Unicode scripts are as defined by the
+Unicode Standard Annex 24 (UAX#24)."
+  (let ((scripts (mapcar
+                  (lambda (s)
+                    (append s
+                            ;; Some scripts used in East Asia are
+                            ;; commonly used across borders, so we add
+                            ;; those.
+                            (mapcan (lambda (script)
+                                      (copy-sequence
+                                       (textsec--augment-script script)))
+                                    s)))
+                         (textsec-scripts string))))
+    (catch 'empty
+      (cl-loop for s1 in scripts
+               do (cl-loop for s2 in scripts
+                           ;; Common/inherited chars can be used in
+                           ;; text with all scripts.
+                           when (and (not (memq 'common s1))
+                                     (not (memq 'common s2))
+                                     (not (memq 'inherited s1))
+                                     (not (memq 'inherited s2))
+                                     (not (seq-intersection s1 s2)))
+                           do (throw 'empty nil)))
+      t)))
+
+(defun textsec--augment-script (script)
+  (cond
+   ((eq script 'han)
+    '(hangul japan korea))
+   ((or (eq script 'hiragana)
+        (eq script 'katakana))
+    '(japan))
+   ((or (eq script 'hangul)
+        (eq script 'bopomofo))
+    '(korea))))
+
+(defun textsec-covering-scripts (string)
+  "Return a minimal list of scripts used in STRING.
+Note that a string may have several different minimal cover sets.
+The scripts are as defined by the Unicode Standard Annex 24 (UAX#24)."
+  (let* ((scripts (textsec-scripts string))
+         (set (car scripts)))
+    (dolist (s scripts)
+      (setq set (seq-union set (seq-difference s set))))
+    (sort (delq 'common (delq 'inherited set)) #'string<)))
+
+(defun textsec-restriction-level (string)
+  "Say what restriction level STRING qualifies for.
+Levels are (in decreasing order of restrictiveness) `ascii-only',
+`single-script', `highly-restrictive', `moderately-restrictive',
+`minimally-restrictive' and `unrestricted'."
+  (let ((scripts (textsec-covering-scripts string)))
+  (cond
+   ((string-match "\\`[[:ascii:]]+\\'" string)
+    'ascii-only)
+   ((textsec-single-script-p string)
+    'single-script)
+   ((or (null (seq-difference scripts '(latin han hiragana katakana)))
+        (null (seq-difference scripts '(latin han bopomofo)))
+        (null (seq-difference scripts '(latin han hangul))))
+    'highly-restrictive)
+   ((and (= (length scripts) 2)
+         (memq 'latin scripts)
+         ;; This list comes from
+         ;; https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/#Table_Recommended_Scripts
+         ;; (but without latin, cyrillic and greek).
+         (seq-intersection scripts
+                           '(arabic
+                             armenian
+                             bengali
+                             bopomofo
+                             devanagari
+                             ethiopic
+                             georgian
+                             gujarati
+                             gurmukhi
+                             hangul
+                             han
+                             hebrew
+                             hiragana
+                             katakana
+                             kannada
+                             khmer
+                             lao
+                             malayalam
+                             myanmar
+                             oriya
+                             sinhala
+                             tamil
+                             telugu
+                             thaana
+                             thai
+                             tibetan)))
+    ;; The string is covered by Latin and any one other Recommended
+    ;; script, except Cyrillic, Greek.
+    'moderately-retrictive)
+   ;; Fixme `minimally-restrictive' -- needs well-formedness criteria
+   ;; and Identifier Profile.
+   (t
+    'unrestricted))))
+
+(defun textsec-mixed-numbers-p (string)
+  "Return non-nil if STRING includes numbers from different decimal systems."
+  (>
+   (length
+    (seq-uniq
+     (mapcar
+      (lambda (char)
+        ;; Compare zeros in the respective decimal systems.
+        (- char (get-char-code-property char 'numeric-value)))
+      (seq-filter (lambda (char)
+                    ;; We're selecting the characters that
+                    ;; have a numeric property.
+                    (eq (get-char-code-property char 'general-category)
+                        'Nd))
+                  string))))
+   1))
+
+(defun textsec-ascii-confusable-p (string)
+  "Return non-nil if non-ASCII STRING can be confused with ASCII on display."
+  (and (not (eq (textsec-restriction-level string) 'ascii-only))
+       (eq (textsec-restriction-level (textsec-unconfuse-string string))
+           'ascii-only)))
+
+(defun textsec-unconfuse-string (string)
+  "Return a de-confused version of STRING.
+This algorithm is described in:
+
+  https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/#Confusable_Detection"
+  (ucs-normalize-NFD-string
+   (apply #'concat
+          (seq-map (lambda (char)
+                     (or (gethash char uni-confusable-table)
+                         (string char)))
+                   (ucs-normalize-NFD-string string)))))
+
+(defun textsec-resolved-script-set (string)
+  "Return the resolved script set for STRING.
+This is the minimal covering script set for STRING, but is nil is
+STRING isn't a single script string.
+The scripts are as defined by the Unicode Standard Annex 24 (UAX#24)."
+  (and (textsec-single-script-p string)
+       (textsec-covering-scripts string)))
+
+(defun textsec-single-script-confusable-p (string1 string2)
+  "Say whether STRING1 and STRING2 are single-script confusables.
+The scripts are as defined by the Unicode Standard Annex 24 (UAX#24)."
+  (and (equal (textsec-unconfuse-string string1)
+              (textsec-unconfuse-string string2))
+       ;; And they have to have at least one resolved script in
+       ;; common.
+       (seq-intersection (textsec-resolved-script-set string1)
+                         (textsec-resolved-script-set string2))))
+
+(defun textsec-mixed-script-confusable-p (string1 string2)
+  "Say whether STRING1 and STRING2 are mixed-script confusables.
+The scripts are as defined by the Unicode Standard Annex 24 (UAX#24)."
+  (and (equal (textsec-unconfuse-string string1)
+              (textsec-unconfuse-string string2))
+       ;; And they have no resolved scripts in common.
+       (null (seq-intersection (textsec-resolved-script-set string1)
+                               (textsec-resolved-script-set string2)))))
+
+(defun textsec-whole-script-confusable-p (string1 string2)
+  "Say whether STRING1 and STRING2 are whole-script confusables.
+The scripts are as defined by the Unicode Standard Annex 24 (UAX#24)."
+  (and (textsec-mixed-script-confusable-p string1 string2)
+       (textsec-single-script-p string1)
+       (textsec-single-script-p string2)))
+
+(defun textsec-domain-suspicious-p (domain)
+  "Say whether DOMAIN's name looks suspicious.
+Return nil if it isn't suspicious.  If it is, return a string explaining
+the potential problem.
+
+Domain names are considered suspicious if they use characters
+that can look similar to other characters when displayed, or
+use characters that are not allowed by Unicode's IDNA mapping,
+or use certain other unusual mixtures of characters."
+  (catch 'found
+    (seq-do
+     (lambda (char)
+       (when (eq (elt idna-mapping-table char) t)
+         (throw 'found
+                (format "Disallowed character%s (#x%x, %s)"
+                        (if (eq (get-char-code-property char 'general-category)
+                                'Cf)
+                            ""
+                          (concat ": " (string char)))
+                        char
+                        (get-char-code-property char 'name)))))
+     domain)
+    ;; Does IDNA allow it?
+    (unless (puny-highly-restrictive-domain-p domain)
+      (throw
+       'found
+       (format "`%s' mixes characters from different scripts in suspicious ways"
+               domain)))
+    ;; Check whether any segment of the domain name is confusable with
+    ;; an ASCII-only segment.
+    (dolist (elem (split-string domain "\\."))
+      (when (textsec-ascii-confusable-p elem)
+        (throw 'found (format "`%s' is confusable with ASCII" elem))))
+    nil))
+
+(defun textsec-local-address-suspicious-p (local)
+  "Say whether LOCAL part of an email address looks suspicious.
+LOCAL is the bit before \"@\" in an email address.
+
+If it isn't suspicious, return nil.  If it is, return a string explaining
+the potential problem.
+
+Email addresses are considered suspicious if they use characters
+that can look similar to other characters when displayed, or use
+certain other unusual mixtures of characters."
+  (cond
+   ((not (equal local (ucs-normalize-NFKC-string local)))
+    (format "`%s' is not in normalized format `%s'"
+            local (ucs-normalize-NFKC-string local)))
+   ((textsec-mixed-numbers-p local)
+    (format "`%s' contains numbers from different number systems" local))
+   ((eq (textsec-restriction-level local) 'unrestricted)
+    (format "`%s' isn't restrictive enough" local))
+   ((string-match-p "\\`\\.\\|\\.\\'\\|\\.\\." local)
+    (format "`%s' contains invalid dots" local))))
+
+(defun textsec-name-suspicious-p (name)
+  "Say whether NAME looks suspicious.
+NAME is (for instance) the free-text display name part of an
+email address.
+
+If it isn't suspicious, return nil.  If it is, return a string
+explaining the potential problem.
+
+Names are considered suspicious if they use characters that can
+look similar to other characters when displayed, or use certain
+other unusual mixtures of characters."
+  (cond
+   ((not (equal name (ucs-normalize-NFC-string name)))
+    (format "`%s' is not in normalized format `%s'"
+            name (ucs-normalize-NFC-string name)))
+   ((and (seq-find (lambda (char)
+                     (and (member char bidi-control-characters)
+                          (not (member char
+                                       '( ?\N{left-to-right mark}
+                                          ?\N{right-to-left mark}
+                                          ?\N{arabic letter mark})))))
+                   name)
+         ;; We have bidirectional formatting characters, but check
+         ;; whether they affect LTR characters.  If not, it's not
+         ;; suspicious.
+         (bidi-find-overridden-directionality 0 (length name) name))
+    (format "The string contains bidirectional control characters"))
+   ((textsec-suspicious-nonspacing-p name))))
+
+(defun textsec-suspicious-nonspacing-p (string)
+  "Say whether STRING uses nonspacing characters in suspicious ways.
+If it doesn't, return nil.  If it does, return a string explaining
+the potential problem.
+
+Use of nonspacing characters is considered suspicious if there are
+two or more consecutive identical nonspacing characters, or too many
+consecutive nonspacing characters."
+  (let ((prev nil)
+        (nonspace-count 0))
+    (catch 'found
+      (seq-do
+       (lambda (char)
+         (let ((nonspacing
+                (memq (get-char-code-property char 'general-category)
+                      '(Mn Me))))
+           (when (and nonspacing
+                      (equal char prev))
+             (throw 'found "Two identical consecutive nonspacing characters"))
+           (setq nonspace-count (if nonspacing
+                                    (1+ nonspace-count)
+                                  0))
+           (when (> nonspace-count 4)
+             (throw 'found
+                    "Too many consecutive nonspacing characters"))
+           (setq prev char)))
+       string)
+      nil)))
+
+(defun textsec-email-address-suspicious-p (address)
+  "Say whether EMAIL address looks suspicious.
+If it isn't, return nil.  If it is, return a string explaining the
+potential problem.
+
+An email address is considered suspicious if either of its two
+parts -- the local address name or the domain -- are found to be
+suspicious by, respectively, `textsec-local-address-suspicious-p'
+and `textsec-domain-suspicious-p'."
+  (pcase-let ((`(,local ,domain) (split-string address "@")))
+    (or
+     (textsec-domain-suspicious-p domain)
+     (textsec-local-address-suspicious-p local))))
+
+(defun textsec-email-address-header-suspicious-p (email)
+  "Say whether EMAIL looks suspicious.
+If it isn't, return nil.  If it is, return a string explaining the
+potential problem.
+
+Note that EMAIL has to be a valid email specification according
+to RFC2047bis -- strings that can't be parsed will be flagged as
+suspicious.
+
+An email specification is considered suspicious if either of its
+two parts -- the address or the name -- are found to be
+suspicious by, respectively, `textsec-email-address-suspicious-p'
+and `textsec-name-suspicious-p'."
+  (catch 'end
+    (pcase-let ((`(,address . ,name)
+                 (condition-case nil
+                     (mail-header-parse-address email t)
+                   (error (throw 'end "Email address can't be parsed.")))))
+      (or
+       (textsec-email-address-suspicious-p  address)
+       (and name (textsec-name-suspicious-p name))))))
+
+(defun textsec-url-suspicious-p (url)
+  "Say whether URL looks suspicious.
+If it isn't, return nil.  If it is, return a string explaining the
+potential problem."
+  (let ((parsed (url-generic-parse-url url)))
+    ;; The URL may not have a domain.
+    (and (url-host parsed)
+         (textsec-domain-suspicious-p (url-host parsed)))))
+
+(defun textsec-link-suspicious-p (link)
+  "Say whether LINK is suspicious.
+LINK should be a cons cell where the first element is the URL,
+and the second element is the link text.
+
+This function will return non-nil if it seems like the link text
+is misleading about where the URL takes you.  This is typical
+when the link text looks like an URL itself, but doesn't lead to
+the same domain as the URL."
+  (let* ((url (car link))
+         (text (string-trim (cdr link))))
+    (catch 'found
+      (let ((udomain (url-host (url-generic-parse-url url)))
+            (tdomain (url-host (url-generic-parse-url text))))
+        (cond
+         ((and udomain
+               tdomain
+               (not (equal udomain tdomain))
+               ;; One may be a sub-domain of the other, but don't allow too
+               ;; short domains.
+               (not (or (and (string-suffix-p udomain tdomain)
+                             (url-domsuf-cookie-allowed-p udomain))
+                        (and (string-suffix-p tdomain udomain)
+                             (url-domsuf-cookie-allowed-p tdomain)))))
+          (throw 'found
+                 (format "Text `%s' doesn't point to link URL `%s'"
+                         text url)))
+         ((and tdomain
+               (textsec-domain-suspicious-p tdomain))
+          (throw 'found
+                 (format "Domain `%s' in the link text is suspicious"
+                         (bidi-string-strip-control-characters
+                          tdomain)))))))))
+
+(provide 'textsec)
+
+;;; textsec.el ends here
diff --git a/lisp/keymap.el b/lisp/keymap.el
index ce566fd8afc..c0fdf8721b2 100644
--- a/lisp/keymap.el
+++ b/lisp/keymap.el
@@ -325,38 +325,38 @@ which is
 
    Alt-Control-Hyper-Meta-Shift-super"
   (declare (pure t) (side-effect-free t))
-  (and
-   (stringp keys)
-   (string-match-p "\\`[^ ]+\\( [^ ]+\\)*\\'" keys)
-   (save-match-data
-     (catch 'exit
-       (let ((prefixes
-              "\\(A-\\)?\\(C-\\)?\\(H-\\)?\\(M-\\)?\\(S-\\)?\\(s-\\)?")
-             (case-fold-search nil))
-         (dolist (key (split-string keys " "))
-           ;; Every key might have these modifiers, and they should be
-           ;; in this order.
-           (when (string-match (concat "\\`" prefixes) key)
-             (setq key (substring key (match-end 0))))
-           (unless (or (and (= (length key) 1)
-                            ;; Don't accept control characters as keys.
-                            (not (< (aref key 0) ?\s))
-                            ;; Don't accept Meta'd characters as keys.
-                            (or (multibyte-string-p key)
-                                (not (<= 127 (aref key 0) 255))))
-                       (and (string-match-p "\\`<[-_A-Za-z0-9]+>\\'" key)
-                            ;; Don't allow <M-C-down>.
-                            (= (progn
-                                 (string-match
-                                  (concat "\\`<" prefixes) key)
-                                 (match-end 0))
-                               1))
-                       (string-match-p
-                        "\\`\\(NUL\\|RET\\|TAB\\|LFD\\|ESC\\|SPC\\|DEL\\)\\'"
-                        key))
-             ;; Invalid.
-             (throw 'exit nil)))
-         t)))))
+  (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+    (and
+     (stringp keys)
+     (string-match-p "\\`[^ ]+\\( [^ ]+\\)*\\'" keys)
+     (save-match-data
+       (catch 'exit
+         (let ((prefixes
+                "\\(A-\\)?\\(C-\\)?\\(H-\\)?\\(M-\\)?\\(S-\\)?\\(s-\\)?"))
+           (dolist (key (split-string keys " "))
+             ;; Every key might have these modifiers, and they should be
+             ;; in this order.
+             (when (string-match (concat "\\`" prefixes) key)
+               (setq key (substring key (match-end 0))))
+             (unless (or (and (= (length key) 1)
+                              ;; Don't accept control characters as keys.
+                              (not (< (aref key 0) ?\s))
+                              ;; Don't accept Meta'd characters as keys.
+                              (or (multibyte-string-p key)
+                                  (not (<= 127 (aref key 0) 255))))
+                         (and (string-match-p "\\`<[-_A-Za-z0-9]+>\\'" key)
+                              ;; Don't allow <M-C-down>.
+                              (= (progn
+                                   (string-match
+                                    (concat "\\`<" prefixes) key)
+                                   (match-end 0))
+                                 1))
+                         (string-match-p
+                          "\\`\\(NUL\\|RET\\|TAB\\|LFD\\|ESC\\|SPC\\|DEL\\)\\'"
+                          key))
+               ;; Invalid.
+               (throw 'exit nil)))
+           t))))))
 
 (defun key-translate (from to)
   "Translate character FROM to TO on the current terminal.
diff --git a/lisp/man.el b/lisp/man.el
index d6146a2c4dc..a53a696c313 100644
--- a/lisp/man.el
+++ b/lisp/man.el
@@ -1993,11 +1993,13 @@ Uses `Man-name-local-regexp'."
             (skip-syntax-backward "^ ")
             (and (looking-at
                   "[[:space:]]*\\([[:alnum:]_-]+([[:alnum:]]+)\\)")
-                  (match-string 1)))
-      (define-key-after menu [man-separator] menu-bar-separator)
+                 (match-string 1)))
+      (define-key-after menu [man-separator] menu-bar-separator
+        'middle-separator)
       (define-key-after menu [man-at-mouse]
-    '(menu-item "Open man page" man-at-mouse
-            :help "Open man page around mouse click"))))
+        '(menu-item "Open man page" Man-at-mouse
+                    :help "Open man page around mouse click")
+        'man-separator)))
   menu)
 
 
diff --git a/lisp/menu-bar.el b/lisp/menu-bar.el
index 36cbd6a9c51..817c2d485e8 100644
--- a/lisp/menu-bar.el
+++ b/lisp/menu-bar.el
@@ -96,26 +96,26 @@
     (bindings--define-key menu [separator-print]
       menu-bar-separator)
 
-    (unless (featurep 'ns)
-      (bindings--define-key menu [close-tab]
-        '(menu-item "Close Tab" tab-close
-                    :visible (fboundp 'tab-close)
-                    :help "Close currently selected tab"))
-      (bindings--define-key menu [make-tab]
-        '(menu-item "New Tab" tab-new
-                    :visible (fboundp 'tab-new)
-                    :help "Open a new tab"))
-
-      (bindings--define-key menu [separator-tab]
-        menu-bar-separator))
-
-    (bindings--define-key menu [enable-undelete-frame-mode]
-      '(menu-item "Enable Undeleting Frames" undelete-frame-mode
-                  :visible (null undelete-frame-mode)
-                  :help "Enable undeleting frames in this session"))
+    (bindings--define-key menu [close-tab]
+      '(menu-item "Close Tab" tab-close
+                  :visible (fboundp 'tab-close)
+                  :help "Close currently selected tab"))
+    (bindings--define-key menu [make-tab]
+      '(menu-item "New Tab" tab-new
+                  :visible (fboundp 'tab-new)
+                  :help "Open a new tab"))
+
+    (bindings--define-key menu [separator-tab]
+      menu-bar-separator)
+
+    (bindings--define-key menu [undelete-frame-mode]
+      '(menu-item "Allow Undeleting Frames" undelete-frame-mode
+                  :help "Allow frames to be restored after deletion"
+                  :button (:toggle . undelete-frame-mode)))
+
     (bindings--define-key menu [undelete-last-deleted-frame]
       '(menu-item "Undelete Frame" undelete-frame
-                  :visible (and undelete-frame-mode
+                  :enable (and undelete-frame-mode
                                 (car undelete-frame--deleted-frames))
                   :help "Undelete the most recently deleted frame"))
 
diff --git a/lisp/minibuffer.el b/lisp/minibuffer.el
index ab760a42d15..d58c23af8fb 100644
--- a/lisp/minibuffer.el
+++ b/lisp/minibuffer.el
@@ -1004,7 +1004,9 @@ an association list that can specify properties such as:
 - `styles': the list of `completion-styles' to use for that category.
 - `cycle': the `completion-cycle-threshold' to use for that category.
 Categories are symbols such as `buffer' and `file', used when
-completing buffer and file names, respectively.")
+completing buffer and file names, respectively.
+
+Also see `completion-category-overrides'.")
 
 (defcustom completion-category-overrides nil
   "List of category-specific user overrides for completion styles.
@@ -1014,7 +1016,9 @@ an association list that can specify properties such as:
 - `cycle': the `completion-cycle-threshold' to use for that category.
 Categories are symbols such as `buffer' and `file', used when
 completing buffer and file names, respectively.
-This overrides the defaults specified in `completion-category-defaults'."
+
+If a property in a category is specified by this variable, it
+overrides the default specified in `completion-category-defaults'."
   :version "25.1"
   :type `(alist :key-type (choice :tag "Category"
                                   (const buffer)
diff --git a/lisp/mouse.el b/lisp/mouse.el
index 46dd0397d7f..502683d3d1e 100644
--- a/lisp/mouse.el
+++ b/lisp/mouse.el
@@ -298,9 +298,10 @@ and should return the same menu with changes such as added new menu items."
                   (function-item context-menu-buffers)
                   (function-item context-menu-vc)
                   (function-item context-menu-ffap)
-                  (function-item Man-context-menu)
                   (function-item hi-lock-context-menu)
-                  (function-item context-menu-online-search)
+                  (function-item occur-context-menu)
+                  (function-item Man-context-menu)
+                  (function-item dictionary-context-menu)
                   (function :tag "Custom function")))
   :version "28.1")
 
@@ -323,6 +324,8 @@ the function `context-menu-filter-function'."
          (fun (mouse-posn-property (event-start click)
                                    'context-menu-function)))
 
+    (select-window (posn-window (event-start click)))
+
     (if (functionp fun)
         (setq menu (funcall fun menu click))
       (run-hook-wrapped 'context-menu-functions
@@ -534,16 +537,6 @@ Some context functions add menu items below the separator."
                     :help "Find file or URL from text around mouse click"))))
   menu)
 
-(defun context-menu-online-search (menu click)
-  "Populate MENU with command to search online."
-  (save-excursion
-    (mouse-set-point click)
-    (define-key-after menu [online-search-separator] menu-bar-separator)
-    (define-key-after menu [online-search-at-mouse]
-      '(menu-item "Online search" mouse-online-search-at-point
-                  :help "Search for region or word online")))
-  menu)
-
 (defvar context-menu-entry
   `(menu-item ,(purecopy "Context Menu") ,(make-sparse-keymap)
               :filter ,(lambda (_) (context-menu-map)))
@@ -3230,26 +3223,6 @@ is copied instead of being cut."
         (with-current-buffer (window-buffer window)
           (setq cursor-type (nth 3 state)))))))
 
-(defvar eww-search-prefix)
-(defun mouse-online-search-at-point (event)
-  "Query an online search engine at EVENT.
-If a region is active, the entire region will be sent, otherwise
-the symbol at point will be used.  This command uses EWW's
-default search engine, as configured by `eww-search-prefix'."
-  (interactive "e")
-  (require 'eww)
-  (let ((query (if (use-region-p)
-                   (buffer-substring (region-beginning)
-                                     (region-end))
-                 (save-excursion
-                   (mouse-set-point event)
-                   (thing-at-point 'symbol)))))
-    (unless query
-      (user-error "Nothing to search for"))
-    (browse-url (concat
-                 eww-search-prefix
-                 (mapconcat #'url-hexify-string (split-string query) "+")))))
-
 
 ;;; Bindings for mouse commands.
 
diff --git a/lisp/net/dictionary.el b/lisp/net/dictionary.el
index 507363cc0f8..e0824f39716 100644
--- a/lisp/net/dictionary.el
+++ b/lisp/net/dictionary.el
@@ -1376,7 +1376,7 @@ any buffer where (dictionary-tooltip-mode 1) has been called."
     (dictionary-search word)))
 
 ;;;###autoload
-(defun context-menu-dictionary (menu click)
+(defun dictionary-context-menu (menu click)
   "Populate MENU with dictionary commands at CLICK.
 When you add this function to `context-menu-functions',
 the context menu will contain an item that searches
diff --git a/lisp/net/mailcap.el b/lisp/net/mailcap.el
index daa2d5a3fb3..b65f7c25b83 100644
--- a/lisp/net/mailcap.el
+++ b/lisp/net/mailcap.el
@@ -319,8 +319,9 @@ attribute name (viewer, test, etc).  This looks like:
 
 Where VIEWERINFO specifies how the content-type is viewed.  Can be
 a string, in which case it is run through a shell, with appropriate
-parameters, or a symbol, in which case the symbol is `funcall'ed if
-and only if it exists as a function, with the buffer as an argument.
+parameters, or a symbol, in which case the symbol must name a function
+of zero arguments which is called in a buffer holding the MIME part's
+content.
 
 TESTINFO is a test for the viewer's applicability, or nil.  If nil, it
 means the viewer is always valid.  If it is a Lisp function, it is
@@ -1175,34 +1176,45 @@ See \"~/.mailcap\", `mailcap-mime-data' and related files and variables."
   (mailcap-parse-mailcaps)
   (let ((command (mailcap-mime-info
                   (mailcap-extension-to-mime (file-name-extension file)))))
-    (unless command
-      (error "No viewer for %s" (file-name-extension file)))
-    ;; Remove quotes around the file name - we'll use shell-quote-argument.
-    (while (string-match "['\"]%s['\"]" command)
-      (setq command (replace-match "%s" t t command)))
-    (setq command (replace-regexp-in-string
-                   "%s"
-                   (shell-quote-argument (convert-standard-filename file))
-                   command
-                   nil t))
-    ;; Handlers such as "gio open" and kde-open5 start viewer in background
-    ;; and exit immediately.  Avoid `start-process' since it assumes
-    ;; :connection-type `pty' and kills children processes with SIGHUP
-    ;; when temporary terminal session is finished (Bug#44824).
-    ;; An alternative is `process-connection-type' let-bound to nil for
-    ;; `start-process-shell-command' call (with no chance to report failure).
-    (make-process
-     :name "mailcap-view-file"
-     :connection-type 'pipe
-     :buffer nil ; "*Messages*" may be suitable for debugging
-     :sentinel (lambda (proc event)
-                 (when (and (memq (process-status proc) '(exit signal))
-                            (/= (process-exit-status proc) 0))
-                   (message
-                    "Command %s: %s."
-                    (mapconcat #'identity (process-command proc) " ")
-                    (substring event 0 -1))))
-     :command (list shell-file-name shell-command-switch command))))
+    (if (functionp command)
+        ;; command is a viewer function (a mode) expecting the file
+        ;; contents to be in the current buffer.
+        (let ((buf (generate-new-buffer (file-name-nondirectory file))))
+          (set-buffer buf)
+          (insert-file-contents file)
+          (setq buffer-file-name file)
+          (funcall command)
+          (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
+          (pop-to-buffer buf))
+      ;; command is a program to run with file as an argument.
+      (unless command
+        (error "No viewer for %s" (file-name-extension file)))
+      ;; Remove quotes around the file name - we'll use shell-quote-argument.
+      (while (string-match "['\"]%s['\"]" command)
+        (setq command (replace-match "%s" t t command)))
+      (setq command (replace-regexp-in-string
+                     "%s"
+                     (shell-quote-argument (convert-standard-filename file))
+                     command
+                     nil t))
+      ;; Handlers such as "gio open" and kde-open5 start viewer in background
+      ;; and exit immediately.  Avoid `start-process' since it assumes
+      ;; :connection-type `pty' and kills children processes with SIGHUP
+      ;; when temporary terminal session is finished (Bug#44824).
+      ;; An alternative is `process-connection-type' let-bound to nil for
+      ;; `start-process-shell-command' call (with no chance to report failure).
+      (make-process
+       :name "mailcap-view-file"
+       :connection-type 'pipe
+       :buffer nil ; "*Messages*" may be suitable for debugging
+       :sentinel (lambda (proc event)
+                   (when (and (memq (process-status proc) '(exit signal))
+                              (/= (process-exit-status proc) 0))
+                     (message
+                      "Command %s: %s."
+                      (mapconcat #'identity (process-command proc) " ")
+                      (substring event 0 -1))))
+       :command (list shell-file-name shell-command-switch command)))))
 
 (provide 'mailcap)
 
diff --git a/lisp/net/shr.el b/lisp/net/shr.el
index 7363874cf3c..ff14acfda70 100644
--- a/lisp/net/shr.el
+++ b/lisp/net/shr.el
@@ -1467,7 +1467,18 @@ ones, in case fg and bg are nil."
                          (dom-attr dom 'name)))) ; Obsolete since HTML5.
       (push (cons id (point)) shr--link-targets))
     (when url
-      (shr-urlify (or shr-start start) (shr-expand-url url) title))))
+      (shr-urlify (or shr-start start) (shr-expand-url url) title)
+      ;; Check whether the URL is suspicious.
+      (when-let ((warning (or (textsec-suspicious-p
+                               (shr-expand-url url) 'url)
+                              (textsec-suspicious-p
+                               (cons (shr-expand-url url)
+                                     (buffer-substring (or shr-start start)
+                                                       (point)))
+                               'link))))
+        (add-text-properties (or shr-start start) (point)
+                             (list 'face '(shr-link textsec-suspicious)))
+        (insert (propertize "⚠️" 'help-echo warning))))))
 
 (defun shr-tag-abbr (dom)
   (let ((title (dom-attr dom 'title))
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-adb.el b/lisp/net/tramp-adb.el
index ed73a86ef03..75e6b7179b0 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-adb.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-adb.el
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ PRESERVE-UID-GID and PRESERVE-EXTENDED-ATTRIBUTES are completely ignored."
 (defun tramp-adb-get-signal-strings (vec)
   "Strings to return by `process-file' in case of signals."
   (with-tramp-connection-property vec "signal-strings"
-    (let ((default-directory (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'localname))
+    (let ((default-directory (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc))
           ;; `shell-file-name' and `shell-command-switch' are needed
           ;; for Emacs < 27.1, which doesn't support connection-local
           ;; variables in `shell-command'.
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ PRESERVE-UID-GID and PRESERVE-EXTENDED-ATTRIBUTES are completely ignored."
       ;; Determine input.
       (if (null infile)
           (setq input (tramp-get-remote-null-device v))
-        (setq infile (expand-file-name infile))
+        (setq infile (tramp-compat-file-name-unquote (expand-file-name infile)))
         (if (tramp-equal-remote default-directory infile)
             ;; INFILE is on the same remote host.
             (setq input (tramp-file-local-name infile))
@@ -870,7 +870,8 @@ PRESERVE-UID-GID and PRESERVE-EXTENDED-ATTRIBUTES are completely ignored."
               (setq ret (tramp-adb-send-command-and-check
                          v (format
                             "(cd %s; %s)"
-                            (tramp-shell-quote-argument localname) command)
+                            (tramp-unquote-shell-quote-argument localname)
+                            command)
                          t))
             (unless (natnump ret) (setq ret 1))
             ;; We should add the output anyway.
@@ -900,8 +901,7 @@ PRESERVE-UID-GID and PRESERVE-EXTENDED-ATTRIBUTES are completely ignored."
       ;; Cleanup.  We remove all file cache values for the connection,
       ;; because the remote process could have changed them.
       (when tmpinput (delete-file tmpinput))
-
-      (unless process-file-side-effects
+      (when process-file-side-effects
         (tramp-flush-directory-properties v ""))
 
       ;; Return exit status.
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-archive.el b/lisp/net/tramp-archive.el
index 8a88057d38a..d3f427932f3 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-archive.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-archive.el
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ name is kept in slot `hop'"
        ((tramp-archive-file-name-p archive)
         (let ((archive
                (tramp-make-tramp-file-name
-                (tramp-archive-dissect-file-name archive) nil 'noarchive)))
+                (tramp-archive-dissect-file-name archive))))
           (setf (tramp-file-name-host vec) (tramp-archive-gvfs-host archive)))
         (puthash archive (list vec) tramp-archive-hash))
 
@@ -560,8 +560,7 @@ offered."
 
 (defun tramp-archive-gvfs-file-name (name)
   "Return NAME in GVFS syntax."
-  (tramp-make-tramp-file-name
-   (tramp-archive-dissect-file-name name) nil 'nohop))
+  (tramp-make-tramp-file-name (tramp-archive-dissect-file-name name)))
 
 
 ;; File name primitives.
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-cache.el b/lisp/net/tramp-cache.el
index 715b537247f..1ab8f4d335b 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-cache.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-cache.el
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ If KEY is `tramp-cache-undefined', don't create anything, and return nil."
             (dolist (elt tramp-connection-properties)
               (when (tramp-compat-string-search
                      (or (nth 0 elt) "")
-                     (tramp-make-tramp-file-name key 'noloc 'nohop))
+                     (tramp-make-tramp-file-name key 'noloc))
                 (tramp-set-connection-property key (nth 1 elt) (nth 2 elt)))))
           hash))))
 
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-sh.el b/lisp/net/tramp-sh.el
index 72b1ebb3e06..f0ceabe568b 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-sh.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-sh.el
@@ -1149,8 +1149,7 @@ component is used as the target of the symlink."
            (when (file-remote-p result)
              (setq result (tramp-compat-file-name-quote result 'top)))
            (tramp-message v 4 "True name of `%s' is `%s'" localname result)
-           result))
-       'nohop)))))
+           result)))))))
 
 ;; Basic functions.
 
@@ -2852,7 +2851,7 @@ implementation will be used."
                  ;; `shell'.  We discard hops, if existing, that's why
                  ;; we cannot use `file-remote-p'.
                  (prompt (format "PS1=%s %s"
-                                 (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v nil 'nohop)
+                                 (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v)
                                  tramp-initial-end-of-output))
                  ;; We use as environment the difference to toplevel
                  ;; `process-environment'.
@@ -3013,7 +3012,7 @@ implementation will be used."
       vec
       (concat
        "signal-strings-" (tramp-get-method-parameter vec 'tramp-remote-shell))
-    (let ((default-directory (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'localname))
+    (let ((default-directory (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc))
           process-file-return-signal-string signals res result)
       (setq signals
             (append
@@ -3098,13 +3097,13 @@ implementation will be used."
       ;; Determine input.
       (if (null infile)
           (setq input (tramp-get-remote-null-device v))
-        (setq infile (expand-file-name infile))
+        (setq infile (tramp-compat-file-name-unquote (expand-file-name infile)))
         (if (tramp-equal-remote default-directory infile)
             ;; INFILE is on the same remote host.
             (setq input (tramp-file-local-name infile))
           ;; INFILE must be copied to remote host.
           (setq input (tramp-make-tramp-temp-file v)
-                tmpinput (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v input 'nohop))
+                tmpinput (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v input))
           (copy-file infile tmpinput t)))
       (when input (setq command (format "%s <%s" command input)))
 
@@ -3136,7 +3135,7 @@ implementation will be used."
             ;; stderr must be copied to remote host.  The temporary
             ;; file must be deleted after execution.
             (setq stderr (tramp-make-tramp-temp-file v)
-                  tmpstderr (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v stderr 'nohop))))
+                  tmpstderr (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v stderr))))
          ;; stderr to be discarded.
          ((null (cadr destination))
           (setq stderr (tramp-get-remote-null-device v)))))
@@ -3153,7 +3152,8 @@ implementation will be used."
               (setq ret (tramp-send-command-and-check
                          v (format
                             "cd %s && %s"
-                            (tramp-shell-quote-argument localname) command)
+                            (tramp-unquote-shell-quote-argument localname)
+                            command)
                          t t t))
             (unless (natnump ret) (setq ret 1))
             ;; We should add the output anyway.
@@ -3184,8 +3184,7 @@ implementation will be used."
       ;; Cleanup.  We remove all file cache values for the connection,
       ;; because the remote process could have changed them.
       (when tmpinput (delete-file tmpinput))
-
-      (unless process-file-side-effects
+      (when process-file-side-effects
         (tramp-flush-directory-properties v ""))
 
       ;; Return exit status.
@@ -3650,8 +3649,7 @@ Fall back to normal file name handler if no Tramp handler exists."
 (defun tramp-sh-file-name-handler-p (vec)
   "Whether VEC uses a method from `tramp-sh-file-name-handler'."
   (and (assoc (tramp-file-name-method vec) tramp-methods)
-       (eq (tramp-find-foreign-file-name-handler
-            (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec nil 'nohop))
+       (eq (tramp-find-foreign-file-name-handler vec)
            'tramp-sh-file-name-handler)))
 
 ;; This must be the last entry, because `identity' always matches.
@@ -5441,7 +5439,7 @@ Nonexistent directories are removed from spec."
           (lambda (x)
             (and
              (stringp x)
-             (file-directory-p (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec x 'nohop))
+             (file-directory-p (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec x))
              x))
           remote-path))))))
 
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-smb.el b/lisp/net/tramp-smb.el
index c5f423fa3f0..6515519680c 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-smb.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-smb.el
@@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ component is used as the target of the symlink."
 
       ;; Determine input.
       (when infile
-        (setq infile (expand-file-name infile))
+        (setq infile (tramp-compat-file-name-unquote (expand-file-name infile)))
         (if (tramp-equal-remote default-directory infile)
             ;; INFILE is on the same remote host.
             (setq input (tramp-file-local-name infile))
@@ -1373,8 +1373,7 @@ component is used as the target of the symlink."
       (when tmpinput (delete-file tmpinput))
       (unless outbuf
         (kill-buffer (tramp-get-connection-property v "process-buffer" nil)))
-
-      (unless process-file-side-effects
+      (when process-file-side-effects
         (tramp-flush-directory-properties v ""))
 
       ;; Return exit status.
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-sshfs.el b/lisp/net/tramp-sshfs.el
index 0a5bf2f43b3..72837793de4 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-sshfs.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-sshfs.el
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
     (set-file-acl . ignore)
     (set-file-modes . tramp-sshfs-handle-set-file-modes)
     (set-file-selinux-context . ignore)
-    (set-file-times . ignore)
+    (set-file-times . tramp-sshfs-handle-set-file-times)
     (set-visited-file-modtime . tramp-handle-set-visited-file-modtime)
     (shell-command . tramp-handle-shell-command)
     (start-file-process . tramp-handle-start-file-process)
@@ -242,13 +242,28 @@ arguments to pass to the OPERATION."
     (let ((command
            (format
             "cd %s && exec %s"
-            localname
-            (mapconcat #'tramp-shell-quote-argument (cons program args) " "))))
+            (tramp-unquote-shell-quote-argument localname)
+            (mapconcat #'tramp-shell-quote-argument (cons program args) " ")))
+          input tmpinput)
+
+      ;; Determine input.
+      (if (null infile)
+          (setq input (tramp-get-remote-null-device v))
+        (setq infile (tramp-compat-file-name-unquote (expand-file-name infile)))
+        (if (tramp-equal-remote default-directory infile)
+            ;; INFILE is on the same remote host.
+            (setq input (tramp-file-local-name infile))
+          ;; INFILE must be copied to remote host.
+          (setq input (tramp-make-tramp-temp-file v)
+                tmpinput (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v input))
+          (copy-file infile tmpinput t)))
+      (when input (setq command (format "%s <%s" command input)))
+
       (unwind-protect
           (apply
            #'tramp-call-process
            v (tramp-get-method-parameter v 'tramp-login-program)
-           infile destination display
+           nil destination display
            (tramp-expand-args
             v 'tramp-login-args
             ?h (or (tramp-file-name-host v) "")
@@ -256,7 +271,11 @@ arguments to pass to the OPERATION."
             ?p (or (tramp-file-name-port v) "")
             ?l command))
 
-        (unless process-file-side-effects
+        ;; Cleanup.  We remove all file cache values for the
+        ;; connection, because the remote process could have changed
+        ;; them.
+        (when tmpinput (delete-file tmpinput))
+        (when process-file-side-effects
           (tramp-flush-directory-properties v ""))))))
 
 (defun tramp-sshfs-handle-rename-file
@@ -285,6 +304,15 @@ arguments to pass to the OPERATION."
       (tramp-compat-set-file-modes
        (tramp-fuse-local-file-name filename) mode flag))))
 
+(defun tramp-sshfs-handle-set-file-times (filename &optional timestamp flag)
+  "Like `set-file-times' for Tramp files."
+  (or (file-exists-p filename) (write-region "" nil filename nil 0))
+  (with-parsed-tramp-file-name filename nil
+    (unless (and (eq flag 'nofollow) (file-symlink-p filename))
+      (tramp-flush-file-properties v localname)
+      (tramp-compat-set-file-times
+       (tramp-fuse-local-file-name filename) timestamp flag))))
+
 (defun tramp-sshfs-handle-write-region
   (start end filename &optional append visit lockname mustbenew)
   "Like `write-region' for Tramp files."
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-sudoedit.el b/lisp/net/tramp-sudoedit.el
index a68d4b3e365..7fbe5412709 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-sudoedit.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-sudoedit.el
@@ -572,8 +572,7 @@ the result will be a local, non-Tramp, file name."
            (when (file-remote-p result)
              (setq result (tramp-compat-file-name-quote result 'top)))
            (tramp-message v 4 "True name of `%s' is `%s'" localname result)
-           result))
-       'nohop)))))
+           result)))))))
 
 (defun tramp-sudoedit-handle-file-writable-p (filename)
   "Like `file-writable-p' for Tramp files."
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp.el b/lisp/net/tramp.el
index 7d6157ed8c2..b258121549d 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp.el
@@ -1713,13 +1713,10 @@ See `tramp-dissect-file-name' for details."
   "Construct a Tramp file name from ARGS.
 
 ARGS could have two different signatures.  The first one is of
-type (VEC &optional LOCALNAME HOP).
+type (VEC &optional LOCALNAME).
 If LOCALNAME is nil, the value in VEC is used.  If it is a
 symbol, a null localname will be used.  Otherwise, LOCALNAME is
 expected to be a string, which will be used.
-If HOP is nil, the value in VEC is used.  If it is a symbol, a
-null hop will be used.  Otherwise, HOP is expected to be a
-string, which will be used.
 
 The other signature exists for backward compatibility.  It has
 the form (METHOD USER DOMAIN HOST PORT LOCALNAME &optional HOP)."
@@ -1735,8 +1732,13 @@ the form (METHOD USER DOMAIN HOST PORT LOCALNAME &optional HOP)."
             hop (tramp-file-name-hop (car args)))
       (when (cadr args)
         (setq localname (and (stringp (cadr args)) (cadr args))))
-      (when (cl-caddr args)
-        (setq hop (and (stringp (cl-caddr args)) (cl-caddr args)))))
+      (when hop
+        (setq hop nil)
+        ;; Assure that the hops are in `tramp-default-proxies-alist'.
+        ;; In tramp-archive.el, the slot `hop' is used for the archive
+        ;; file name.
+        (unless (string-equal method "archive")
+          (tramp-add-hops (car args)))))
 
      (t (setq method (nth 0 args)
               user (nth 1 args)
@@ -1769,15 +1771,17 @@ the form (METHOD USER DOMAIN HOST PORT LOCALNAME &optional HOP)."
             localname)))
 
 (set-advertised-calling-convention
- #'tramp-make-tramp-file-name '(vec &optional localname hop) "27.1")
+ #'tramp-make-tramp-file-name '(vec &optional localname) "29.1")
 
 (defun tramp-make-tramp-hop-name (vec)
   "Construct a Tramp hop name from VEC."
-  (replace-regexp-in-string
-   tramp-prefix-regexp ""
+  (concat
+   (tramp-file-name-hop vec)
    (replace-regexp-in-string
-    (concat tramp-postfix-host-regexp "$") tramp-postfix-hop-format
-    (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc))))
+    tramp-prefix-regexp ""
+    (replace-regexp-in-string
+     (concat tramp-postfix-host-regexp "$") tramp-postfix-hop-format
+     (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc)))))
 
 (defun tramp-completion-make-tramp-file-name (method user host localname)
   "Construct a Tramp file name from METHOD, USER, HOST and LOCALNAME.
@@ -1811,7 +1815,7 @@ Unless DONT-CREATE, the buffer is created when it doesn't exist yet."
            (tramp-get-connection-property vec "process-buffer" nil))
           (setq buffer-undo-list t
                 default-directory
-                (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc 'nohop))
+                (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc))
           (current-buffer)))))
 
 (defun tramp-get-connection-buffer (vec &optional dont-create)
@@ -1926,7 +1930,7 @@ The outline level is equal to the verbosity of the Tramp message."
   "A predicate for Tramp interactive commands.
 They are completed by \"M-x TAB\" only in Tramp debug buffers."
   (with-current-buffer buffer
-    (string-equal (buffer-substring 1 10) ";; Emacs:")))
+    (string-equal (buffer-substring 1 (min 10 (point-max))) ";; Emacs:")))
 
 (put #'tramp-debug-buffer-command-completion-p 'tramp-suppress-trace t)
 
@@ -2596,11 +2600,10 @@ Must be handled by the callers."
    ;; Unknown file primitive.
    (t (error "Unknown file I/O primitive: %s" operation))))
 
-(defun tramp-find-foreign-file-name-handler (filename &optional _operation)
+(defun tramp-find-foreign-file-name-handler (vec &optional _operation)
   "Return foreign file name handler if exists."
-  (when (tramp-tramp-file-p filename)
+  (when (tramp-file-name-p vec)
     (let ((handler tramp-foreign-file-name-handler-alist)
-          (vec (tramp-dissect-file-name filename))
           elt func res)
       (while handler
         (setq elt (car handler)
@@ -2633,7 +2636,7 @@ Fall back to normal file name handler if no Tramp file name handler exists."
           (with-parsed-tramp-file-name filename nil
             (let ((current-connection tramp-current-connection)
                   (foreign
-                   (tramp-find-foreign-file-name-handler filename operation))
+                   (tramp-find-foreign-file-name-handler v operation))
                   (signal-hook-function #'tramp-signal-hook-function)
                   result)
               ;; Set `tramp-current-connection'.
@@ -3351,7 +3354,7 @@ User is always nil."
          (tramp-compat-funcall 'directory-abbrev-make-regexp home-dir) filename)
         (tramp-make-tramp-file-name
          vec (concat "~" (substring filename (match-beginning 1))))
-      filename)))
+      (tramp-make-tramp-file-name (tramp-dissect-file-name filename)))))
 
 (defun tramp-handle-access-file (filename string)
   "Like `access-file' for Tramp files."
@@ -3678,8 +3681,8 @@ User is always nil."
   ;; We do not want traces in the debug buffer.
   (let ((tramp-verbose (min tramp-verbose 3)))
     (when (tramp-tramp-file-p filename)
-      (let* ((v (tramp-dissect-file-name filename))
-             (p (tramp-get-connection-process v))
+      (let* ((o (tramp-dissect-file-name filename))
+             (p (tramp-get-connection-process o))
              (c (and (process-live-p p)
                      (tramp-get-connection-property p "connected" nil))))
         ;; We expand the file name only, if there is already a connection.
@@ -3693,7 +3696,8 @@ User is always nil."
                 ((eq identification 'user) (tramp-file-name-user-domain v))
                 ((eq identification 'host) (tramp-file-name-host-port v))
                 ((eq identification 'localname) localname)
-                ((eq identification 'hop) hop)
+                ;; Hop exists only in original dissected file name.
+                ((eq identification 'hop) (tramp-file-name-hop o))
                 (t (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v 'noloc)))))))))
 
 (defun tramp-handle-file-selinux-context (_filename)
@@ -3744,8 +3748,7 @@ User is always nil."
                              (expand-file-name
                               symlink-target
                               (file-name-directory v2-localname))))
-                        v2-localname)
-                      'nohop)))
+                        v2-localname))))
              (when (>= numchase numchase-limit)
                (tramp-error
                 v1 'file-error
@@ -3904,8 +3907,7 @@ User is always nil."
                             (cond
                              ((stringp remote-copy)
                               (file-local-copy
-                               (tramp-make-tramp-file-name
-                                v remote-copy 'nohop)))
+                               (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v remote-copy)))
                              ((stringp tramp-temp-buffer-file-name)
                               (copy-file
                                filename tramp-temp-buffer-file-name 'ok)
@@ -3948,7 +3950,7 @@ User is always nil."
                    (or remote-copy (null tramp-temp-buffer-file-name)))
           (delete-file local-copy))
         (when (stringp remote-copy)
-          (delete-file (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v remote-copy 'nohop))))
+          (delete-file (tramp-make-tramp-file-name v remote-copy))))
 
       ;; Result.
       (cons filename (cdr result)))))
@@ -4088,15 +4090,10 @@ Do not set it manually, it is used buffer-local in `tramp-get-lock-pid'.")
   (and (tramp-sh-file-name-handler-p vec)
        (not (tramp-get-method-parameter vec 'tramp-copy-program))))
 
-(defun tramp-compute-multi-hops (vec)
-  "Expands VEC according to `tramp-default-proxies-alist'."
-  (let ((saved-tdpa tramp-default-proxies-alist)
-        (target-alist `(,vec))
-        (hops (or (tramp-file-name-hop vec) ""))
-        (item vec)
-        choices proxy)
-
-    ;; Ad-hoc proxy definitions.
+(defun tramp-add-hops (vec)
+  "Add ad-hoc proxy definitions to `tramp-default-proxies-alist'."
+  (when-let ((hops (tramp-file-name-hop vec))
+             (item vec))
     (dolist (proxy (reverse (split-string hops tramp-postfix-hop-regexp 'omit)))
       (let* ((host-port (tramp-file-name-host-port item))
              (user-domain (tramp-file-name-user-domain item))
@@ -4113,9 +4110,19 @@ Do not set it manually, it is used buffer-local in `tramp-get-lock-pid'.")
         (add-to-list 'tramp-default-proxies-alist entry)
         (setq item (tramp-dissect-file-name proxy))))
     ;; Save the new value.
-    (when (and hops tramp-save-ad-hoc-proxies)
+    (when tramp-save-ad-hoc-proxies
       (customize-save-variable
-       'tramp-default-proxies-alist tramp-default-proxies-alist))
+       'tramp-default-proxies-alist tramp-default-proxies-alist))))
+
+(defun tramp-compute-multi-hops (vec)
+  "Expands VEC according to `tramp-default-proxies-alist'."
+  (let ((saved-tdpa tramp-default-proxies-alist)
+        (target-alist `(,vec))
+        (item vec)
+        choices proxy)
+
+    ;; Ad-hoc proxy definitions.
+    (tramp-add-hops vec)
 
     ;; Look for proxy hosts to be passed.
     (setq choices tramp-default-proxies-alist)
@@ -5462,8 +5469,7 @@ This handles also chrooted environments, which are not regarded as local."
      (null tramp-crypt-enabled)
      ;; The local temp directory must be writable for the other user.
      (file-writable-p
-      (tramp-make-tramp-file-name
-       vec tramp-compat-temporary-file-directory 'nohop))
+      (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec tramp-compat-temporary-file-directory))
      ;; On some systems, chown runs only for root.
      (or (zerop (user-uid))
          (zerop (tramp-get-remote-uid vec 'integer))))))
@@ -5712,7 +5718,7 @@ Invokes `password-read' if available, `read-passwd' else."
                ;; multi-hop.
                (tramp-get-connection-property
                 proc "password-vector" (process-get proc 'vector))
-               'noloc 'nohop))
+               'noloc))
          (pw-prompt
           (or prompt
               (with-current-buffer (process-buffer proc)
@@ -5789,7 +5795,7 @@ Invokes `password-read' if available, `read-passwd' else."
     (auth-source-forget
      `(:max 1 ,(and user-domain :user) ,user-domain
        :host ,host-port :port ,method))
-    (password-cache-remove (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc 'nohop))))
+    (password-cache-remove (tramp-make-tramp-file-name vec 'noloc))))
 
 (put #'tramp-clear-passwd 'tramp-suppress-trace t)
 
diff --git a/lisp/org/ob-gnuplot.el b/lisp/org/ob-gnuplot.el
index 69a5f5f91bd..895738822de 100644
--- a/lisp/org/ob-gnuplot.el
+++ b/lisp/org/ob-gnuplot.el
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ code."
            (title (cdr (assq :title params)))
            (lines (cdr (assq :line params)))
            (sets (cdr (assq :set params)))
+           (missing (cdr (assq :missing params)))
            (x-labels (cdr (assq :xlabels params)))
            (y-labels (cdr (assq :ylabels params)))
            (timefmt (cdr (assq :timefmt params)))
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ code."
                            (file-name-directory (buffer-file-name))))
            (add-to-body (lambda (text) (setq body (concat text "\n" body)))))
       ;; append header argument settings to body
+      (when missing (funcall add-to-body (format "set datafile missing '%s'" missing)))
       (when title (funcall add-to-body (format "set title '%s'" title)))
       (when lines (mapc (lambda (el) (funcall add-to-body el)) lines))
       (when sets
@@ -288,21 +290,14 @@ Pass PARAMS through to `orgtbl-to-generic' when exporting TABLE."
   (with-temp-file data-file
     (insert (let ((org-babel-gnuplot-timestamp-fmt
                    (or (plist-get params :timefmt) "%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S")))
-              (replace-regexp-in-string
-               ;; org export backend adds "|" at the beginning/end of
-               ;; the table lines.  Strip those.
-               "^|\\(.+\\)|$"
-               "\\1"
-               (orgtbl-to-generic
-                table
-                (org-combine-plists
-                 '( :sep "\t" :fmt org-babel-gnuplot-quote-tsv-field
-                    ;; Two setting below are needed to make :fmt work.
-                    :raw t
-                    ;; Use `org', not `ascii' because `ascii' may
-                    ;; sometimes mishandle quoted strings.
-                    :backend org)
-                 params))))))
+              (orgtbl-to-generic
+               table
+               (org-combine-plists
+                '( :sep "\t" :fmt org-babel-gnuplot-quote-tsv-field
+                   ;; Two setting below are needed to make :fmt work.
+                   :raw t
+                   :backend ascii)
+                params)))))
   data-file)
 
 (provide 'ob-gnuplot)
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-agenda.el b/lisp/org/org-agenda.el
index fed36ac9b63..94aea1b0a32 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-agenda.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-agenda.el
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@
 (declare-function org-capture "org-capture" (&optional goto keys))
 (declare-function org-clock-modify-effort-estimate "org-clock" (&optional value))
 
+(declare-function org-element-type "org-element" (&optional element))
+
 (defvar calendar-mode-map)
 (defvar org-clock-current-task)
 (defvar org-current-tag-alist)
@@ -5729,7 +5731,8 @@ displayed in agenda view."
                     (org-at-planning-p)
                     (org-before-first-heading-p)
                     (and org-agenda-include-inactive-timestamps
-                         (org-at-clock-log-p)))
+                         (org-at-clock-log-p))
+                    (not (eq 'timestamp (org-element-type (org-element-context)))))
             (throw :skip nil))
           (org-agenda-skip))
         (let* ((pos (match-beginning 0))
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-version.el b/lisp/org/org-version.el
index 1053bbe22cc..5337d9df746 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-version.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-version.el
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Inserted by installing Org mode or when a release is made."
 (defun org-git-version ()
   "The Git version of Org mode.
 Inserted by installing Org or when a release is made."
-   (let ((org-git-version "release_9.5.2-3-geb9f34"))
+   (let ((org-git-version "release_9.5.2-9-g7ba24c"))
      org-git-version))
 
 (provide 'org-version)
diff --git a/lisp/org/org.el b/lisp/org/org.el
index fba45caabe6..f5d4df3d9c6 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org.el
@@ -18731,17 +18731,19 @@ With prefix arg UNCOMPILED, load the uncompiled versions."
   "Is S an ID created by UUIDGEN?"
   (string-match "\\`[0-9a-f]\\{8\\}-[0-9a-f]\\{4\\}-[0-9a-f]\\{4\\}-[0-9a-f]\\{4\\}-[0-9a-f]\\{12\\}\\'" (downcase s)))
 
-(defun org-in-src-block-p (&optional inside)
+(defun org-in-src-block-p (&optional inside element)
   "Whether point is in a code source block.
 When INSIDE is non-nil, don't consider we are within a source
-block when point is at #+BEGIN_SRC or #+END_SRC."
-  (let ((case-fold-search t))
-    (or (and (eq (get-char-property (point) 'src-block) t))
-        (and (not inside)
-             (save-match-data
-               (save-excursion
-                 (beginning-of-line)
-                 (looking-at ".*#\\+\\(begin\\|end\\)_src")))))))
+block when point is at #+BEGIN_SRC or #+END_SRC.
+When ELEMENT is provided, it is considered to be element at point."
+  (save-match-data (setq element (or element (org-element-at-point))))
+  (when (eq 'src-block (org-element-type element))
+    (or (not inside)
+        (not (or (= (line-beginning-position)
+                  (org-element-property :post-affiliated element))
+               (= (1+ (line-end-position))
+                  (- (org-element-property :end element)
+                     (org-element-property :post-blank element))))))))
 
 (defun org-context ()
   "Return a list of contexts of the current cursor position.
diff --git a/lisp/org/ox-ascii.el b/lisp/org/ox-ascii.el
index c22bb13b6dd..38b2a5772c1 100644
--- a/lisp/org/ox-ascii.el
+++ b/lisp/org/ox-ascii.el
@@ -1929,7 +1929,11 @@ a communication channel."
                (org-export-table-cell-alignment table-cell info)))))
       (setq contents
             (concat data
-                    (make-string (- width (string-width (or data ""))) ?\s))))
+                    ;; FIXME: If CONTENTS was transformed by filters,
+                    ;; the whole width calculation can be wrong.
+                    ;; At least, make sure that we do not throw error
+                    ;; when CONTENTS is larger than width.
+                    (make-string (max 0 (- width (string-width (or data "")))) ?\s))))
     ;; Return cell.
     (concat (format " %s " contents)
             (when (memq 'right (org-export-table-cell-borders table-cell info))
diff --git a/lisp/outline.el b/lisp/outline.el
index 4027142c94e..8e4af64370b 100644
--- a/lisp/outline.el
+++ b/lisp/outline.el
@@ -351,7 +351,8 @@ Turning on outline mode calls the value of `text-mode-hook' and then of
               '(outline-font-lock-keywords t nil nil backward-paragraph))
   (setq-local imenu-generic-expression
               (list (list nil (concat "^\\(?:" outline-regexp "\\).*$") 0)))
-  (add-hook 'change-major-mode-hook #'outline-show-all nil t))
+  (add-hook 'change-major-mode-hook #'outline-show-all nil t)
+  (add-hook 'hack-local-variables-hook #'outline-apply-default-state nil t))
 
 (defvar outline-minor-mode-map)
 
@@ -434,7 +435,8 @@ See the command `outline-mode' for more information on this mode."
                   nil t)
         (setq-local line-move-ignore-invisible t)
         ;; Cause use of ellipses for invisible text.
-        (add-to-invisibility-spec '(outline . t)))
+        (add-to-invisibility-spec '(outline . t))
+        (outline-apply-default-state))
     (when outline-minor-mode-highlight
       (if font-lock-fontified
           (font-lock-remove-keywords nil outline-font-lock-keywords))
@@ -1303,6 +1305,178 @@ convenient way to make a table of contents of the buffer."
                     (insert "\n\n"))))))
           (kill-new (buffer-string)))))))
 
+(defcustom outline-default-state nil
+  "If non-nil, some headings are initially outlined.
+
+Note that the default state is applied when the major mode is set
+or when the command `outline-apply-default-state' is called
+interactively.
+
+When nil, headings visibility is left unchanged.
+
+If equal to `outline-show-all', all text of buffer is shown.
+
+If equal to `outline-show-only-headings', only headings are shown.
+
+If equal to a number, show only headings up to and including the
+corresponding level.  See `outline-default-rules' to customize
+visibility of the subtree at the choosen level.
+
+If equal to a lambda function or function name, this function is
+expected to toggle headings visibility, and will be called after
+the mode is enabled."
+  :version "29.1"
+  :type '(choice (const :tag "Disabled" nil)
+                 (const :tag "Show all" outline-show-all)
+                 (const :tag "Only headings" outline-show-only-headings)
+                 (natnum :tag "Show headings up to level" :value 1)
+                 (function :tag "Custom function")))
+
+(defcustom outline-default-rules nil
+  "Determines visibility of subtree starting at `outline-default-state' level.
+
+When nil, the subtree is hidden unconditionally.
+
+When equal to a list, each element should be one of the following:
+
+- A cons cell with CAR `match-regexp' and CDR a regexp, the
+  subtree will be hidden when the outline heading match the
+  regexp.
+
+- `subtree-has-long-lines' to only show the heading branches when
+  long lines are detected in its subtree (see
+  `outline-default-long-line' for the definition of long lines).
+
+- `subtree-is-long' to only show the heading branches when its
+  subtree contains more than `outline-default-line-count' lines.
+
+- A lambda function or function name which will be evaluated with
+  point at the beginning of the heading and the match data set
+  appropriately, the function being expected to toggle the
+  heading visibility."
+  :version "29.1"
+  :type '(choice (const :tag "Hide subtree" nil)
+                 (set :tag "Show subtree unless"
+                      (cons :tag "Heading match regexp"
+                            (const match-regexp)  string)
+                      (const :tag "Subtree has long lines"
+                             subtree-has-long-lines)
+                      (const :tag "Subtree is long"
+                             subtree-is-long)
+                      (cons :tag "Custom function"
+                            (const custom-function) function))))
+
+(defcustom outline-default-long-line 1000
+  "Minimal number of characters in a line for a heading to be outlined."
+  :version "29.1"
+  :type '(natnum :tag "Number of characters"))
+
+(defcustom outline-default-line-count 50
+  "Minimal number of lines for a heading to be outlined."
+  :version "29.1"
+  :type '(natnum :tag "Number of lines"))
+
+(defun outline-apply-default-state ()
+  "Apply the outline state defined by `outline-default-state'."
+  (interactive)
+  (cond
+   ((integerp outline-default-state)
+    (outline--show-headings-up-to-level outline-default-state))
+   ((functionp outline-default-state)
+    (funcall outline-default-state))))
+
+(defun outline-show-only-headings ()
+  "Show only headings."
+  (interactive)
+  (outline-show-all)
+  (outline-hide-region-body (point-min) (point-max)))
+
+(eval-when-compile (require 'so-long))
+(autoload 'so-long-detected-long-line-p "so-long")
+(defvar so-long-skip-leading-comments)
+(defvar so-long-threshold)
+(defvar so-long-max-lines)
+
+(defun outline--show-headings-up-to-level (level)
+  "Show only headings up to a LEVEL level.
+
+Like `outline-hide-sublevels' but, for each heading at level
+LEVEL, decides of subtree visibility according to
+`outline-default-rules'."
+  (if (not outline-default-rules)
+      (outline-hide-sublevels level)
+    (if (< level 1)
+        (error "Must keep at least one level of headers"))
+    (save-excursion
+      (let* (outline-view-change-hook
+             (beg (progn
+                    (goto-char (point-min))
+                    ;; Skip the prelude, if any.
+                    (unless (outline-on-heading-p t) (outline-next-heading))
+                    (point)))
+             (end (progn
+                    (goto-char (point-max))
+                    ;; Keep empty last line, if available.
+                    (if (bolp) (1- (point)) (point))))
+             (heading-regexp
+              (cdr-safe
+               (assoc 'match-regexp outline-default-rules)))
+             (check-line-count
+              (memq 'subtree-is-long outline-default-rules))
+             (check-long-lines
+              (memq 'subtree-has-long-lines outline-default-rules))
+             (custom-function
+              (cdr-safe
+               (assoc 'custom-function outline-default-rules))))
+        (if (< end beg)
+            (setq beg (prog1 end (setq end beg))))
+        ;; First hide everything.
+        (outline-hide-sublevels level)
+        ;; Then unhide the top level headers.
+        (outline-map-region
+         (lambda ()
+           (let ((current-level (funcall outline-level)))
+             (when (< current-level level)
+               (outline-show-heading)
+               (outline-show-entry))
+             (when (= current-level level)
+               (cond
+                ((and heading-regexp
+                      (let ((beg (point))
+                            (end (progn (outline-end-of-heading) (point))))
+                        (string-match-p heading-regexp (buffer-substring beg end))))
+                 ;; hide entry when heading match regexp
+                 (outline-hide-entry))
+                ((and check-line-count
+                      (save-excursion
+                        (let ((beg (point))
+                              (end (progn (outline-end-of-subtree) (point))))
+                          (<= outline-default-line-count (count-lines beg end)))))
+                 ;; show only branches when line count of subtree >
+                 ;; threshold
+                 (outline-show-branches))
+                ((and check-long-lines
+                      (save-excursion
+                        (let ((beg (point))
+                              (end (progn (outline-end-of-subtree) (point))))
+                          (save-restriction
+                            (narrow-to-region beg end)
+                            (let ((so-long-skip-leading-comments nil)
+                                  (so-long-threshold outline-default-long-line)
+                                  (so-long-max-lines nil))
+                              (so-long-detected-long-line-p))))))
+                 ;; show only branches when long lines are detected
+                 ;; in subtree
+                 (outline-show-branches))
+                (custom-function
+                 ;; call custom function if defined
+                 (funcall custom-function))
+                (t
+                 ;; if no previous clause succeeds, show subtree
+                 (outline-show-subtree))))))
+         beg end)))
+    (run-hooks 'outline-view-change-hook)))
+
 (defun outline--cycle-state ()
   "Return the cycle state of current heading.
 Return either 'hide-all, 'headings-only, or 'show-all."
diff --git a/lisp/paren.el b/lisp/paren.el
index a1f74f2097e..0065bba72e7 100644
--- a/lisp/paren.el
+++ b/lisp/paren.el
@@ -330,9 +330,7 @@ It is the default value of `show-paren-data-function'."
                 (let ((open-paren-line-string
                        (blink-paren-open-paren-line-string openparen))
                       (message-log-max nil))
-                  (minibuffer-message
-                   "Matches %s"
-                   (substring-no-properties open-paren-line-string)))))
+                  (minibuffer-message "Matches %s" open-paren-line-string))))
           ;; Always set the overlay face, since it varies.
           (overlay-put show-paren--overlay 'priority show-paren-priority)
           (overlay-put show-paren--overlay 'face face))))))
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/gud.el b/lisp/progmodes/gud.el
index 3f78c9eb15b..b42279415bc 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/gud.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/gud.el
@@ -869,7 +869,8 @@ the buffer in which this command was invoked."
 COMMAND is the prefix for which we seek completion.
 CONTEXT is the text before COMMAND on the line."
   (let* ((complete-list
-          (gud-gdb-run-command-fetch-lines (concat "complete " context command)
+          (gud-gdb-run-command-fetch-lines (concat "server complete "
+                                                   context command)
                                            (current-buffer)
                                            ;; From string-match above.
                                            (length context))))
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/ruby-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/ruby-mode.el
index 72631a6557f..eb54ffe05a8 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/ruby-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/ruby-mode.el
@@ -325,6 +325,13 @@ It is used when `ruby-encoding-magic-comment-style' is set to `custom'."
   "Use `ruby-encoding-map' to set encoding magic comment if this is non-nil."
   :type 'boolean :group 'ruby)
 
+(defcustom ruby-toggle-block-space-before-parameters t
+  "When non-nil, ensure space between the \"toggled\" curly and parameters.
+This only affects the output of the command `ruby-toggle-block'."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :safe 'booleanp
+  :version "29.1")
+
 ;;; SMIE support
 
 (require 'smie)
@@ -1722,13 +1729,14 @@ See `add-log-current-defun-function'."
       (insert "}")
       (goto-char orig)
       (delete-char 2)
-      ;; Maybe this should be customizable, let's see if anyone asks.
-      (insert "{ ")
-      (setq beg-marker (point-marker))
-      (when (looking-at "\\s +|")
-        (delete-char (- (match-end 0) (match-beginning 0) 1))
-        (forward-char)
-        (re-search-forward "|" (line-end-position) t))
+      (insert "{")
+      (if (looking-at "\\s +|")
+          (progn
+            (just-one-space (if ruby-toggle-block-space-before-parameters 1 0))
+            (setq beg-marker (point-marker))
+            (forward-char)
+            (re-search-forward "|" (line-end-position) t))
+        (setq beg-marker (point-marker)))
       (save-excursion
         (skip-chars-forward " \t\n\r")
         (setq beg-pos (point))
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/xref.el b/lisp/progmodes/xref.el
index 066c051cfc3..37e2159782f 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/xref.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/xref.el
@@ -118,16 +118,16 @@ When it is a file name, it should be the \"expanded\" version.")
 (defcustom xref-file-name-display 'project-relative
   "Style of file name display in *xref* buffers.
 
-If the value is the symbol `abs', the default, show the file names
-in their full absolute form.
+If the value is the symbol `abs', show the file names in their
+full absolute form.
 
 If `nondirectory', show only the nondirectory (a.k.a. \"base name\")
 part of the file name.
 
-If `project-relative', show only the file name relative to the
-current project root.  If there is no current project, or if the
-file resides outside of its root, show that particular file name
-in its full absolute form."
+If `project-relative', the default, show only the file name
+relative to the current project root.  If there is no current
+project, or if the file resides outside of its root, show that
+particular file name in its full absolute form."
   :type '(choice (const :tag "absolute file name" abs)
                  (const :tag "nondirectory file name" nondirectory)
                  (const :tag "relative to project root" project-relative))
diff --git a/lisp/simple.el b/lisp/simple.el
index c73c94b53ad..801a3c992c8 100644
--- a/lisp/simple.el
+++ b/lisp/simple.el
@@ -2306,8 +2306,8 @@ maps."
    (let* ((execute-extended-command--last-typed nil)
           (keymaps
            ;; The major mode's keymap and any active minor modes.
-           (cons
-            (current-local-map)
+           (nconc
+            (and (current-local-map) (list (current-local-map)))
             (mapcar
              #'cdr
              (seq-filter
@@ -2957,7 +2957,8 @@ undo record: if we undo from 4, `pending-undo-list' will be at 3,
 
 (defcustom undo-no-redo nil
   "If t, `undo' doesn't go through redo entries."
-  :type 'boolean)
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'undo)
 
 (defvar pending-undo-list nil
   "Within a run of consecutive undo commands, list remaining to be undone.
@@ -9440,9 +9441,6 @@ PREFIX is the string that represents this modifier in an event type symbol."
 (defvar clone-buffer-hook nil
   "Normal hook to run in the new buffer at the end of `clone-buffer'.")
 
-(defvar clone-indirect-buffer-hook nil
-  "Normal hook to run in the new buffer at the end of `clone-indirect-buffer'.")
-
 (defun clone-process (process &optional newname)
   "Create a twin copy of PROCESS.
 If NEWNAME is nil, it defaults to PROCESS' name;
@@ -9595,8 +9593,6 @@ Returns the newly created indirect buffer."
       (setq newname (substring newname 0 (match-beginning 0))))
   (let* ((name (generate-new-buffer-name newname))
          (buffer (make-indirect-buffer (current-buffer) name t)))
-    (with-current-buffer buffer
-      (run-hooks 'clone-indirect-buffer-hook))
     (when display-flag
       (pop-to-buffer buffer nil norecord))
     buffer))
diff --git a/lisp/subr.el b/lisp/subr.el
index dd260dfe418..81c02338531 100644
--- a/lisp/subr.el
+++ b/lisp/subr.el
@@ -4294,11 +4294,13 @@ in which case `save-window-excursion' cannot help."
 (defmacro with-output-to-temp-buffer (bufname &rest body)
   "Bind `standard-output' to buffer BUFNAME, eval BODY, then show that buffer.
 
-This construct makes buffer BUFNAME empty before running BODY.
-It does not make the buffer current for BODY.
-Instead it binds `standard-output' to that buffer, so that output
-generated with `prin1' and similar functions in BODY goes into
-the buffer.
+This is a convenience macro meant for displaying help buffers and
+the like.  It empties the BUFNAME buffer before evaluating BODY
+and disables undo in that buffer.
+
+It does not make the buffer current for BODY.  Instead it binds
+`standard-output' to that buffer, so that output generated with
+`prin1' and similar functions in BODY goes into the buffer.
 
 At the end of BODY, this marks buffer BUFNAME unmodified and displays
 it in a window, but does not select it.  The normal way to do this is
diff --git a/lisp/term/haiku-win.el b/lisp/term/haiku-win.el
index ff9402c4acb..4c06f7f58aa 100644
--- a/lisp/term/haiku-win.el
+++ b/lisp/term/haiku-win.el
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 (declare-function haiku-selection-data "haikuselect.c")
 (declare-function haiku-selection-put "haikuselect.c")
 (declare-function haiku-selection-targets "haikuselect.c")
+(declare-function haiku-selection-owner-p "haikuselect.c")
 (declare-function haiku-put-resource "haikufns.c")
 
 (defun haiku--handle-x-command-line-resources (command-line-resources)
@@ -105,9 +106,8 @@ If TYPE is nil, return \"text/plain\"."
                                               &context (window-system haiku))
   (haiku-selection-data selection "text/plain"))
 
-(cl-defmethod gui-backend-selection-owner-p (_
-                                             &context (window-system haiku))
-  t)
+(cl-defmethod gui-backend-selection-owner-p (selection &context (window-system haiku))
+  (haiku-selection-owner-p selection))
 
 (declare-function haiku-read-file-name "haikufns.c")
 
@@ -136,6 +136,16 @@ If TYPE is nil, return \"text/plain\"."
 (define-key special-event-map [drag-n-drop]
             'haiku-dnd-handle-drag-n-drop-event)
 
+(defvaralias 'haiku-use-system-tooltips 'use-system-tooltips)
+
+(defun haiku-use-system-tooltips-watcher (&rest _ignored)
+  "Variable watcher to force a menu bar update when `use-system-tooltip' changes.
+This is necessary because on Haiku `use-system-tooltip' doesn't
+take effect on menu items until the menu bar is updated again."
+  (force-mode-line-update t))
+
+(add-variable-watcher 'use-system-tooltips #'haiku-use-system-tooltips-watcher)
+
 (provide 'haiku-win)
 (provide 'term/haiku-win)
 
diff --git a/lisp/term/pgtk-win.el b/lisp/term/pgtk-win.el
index 9bcf3eac646..25f3a851dcc 100644
--- a/lisp/term/pgtk-win.el
+++ b/lisp/term/pgtk-win.el
@@ -510,6 +510,8 @@ This uses `icon-map-list' to map icon file names to stock icon names."
    (t
     (popup-menu (mouse-menu-bar-map) last-nonmenu-event))))
 
+(defvaralias 'x-gtk-use-system-tooltips 'use-system-tooltips)
+
 (provide 'pgtk-win)
 (provide 'term/pgtk-win)
 
diff --git a/lisp/term/x-win.el b/lisp/term/x-win.el
index e52e488edab..019a01e22ca 100644
--- a/lisp/term/x-win.el
+++ b/lisp/term/x-win.el
@@ -1527,16 +1527,32 @@ This uses `icon-map-list' to map icon file names to stock icon names."
 (defvar x-preedit-overlay nil
   "The overlay currently used to display preedit text from a compose sequence.")
 
+;; With some input methods, text gets inserted before Emacs is told to
+;; remove any preedit text that was displayed, which causes both the
+;; preedit overlay and the text to be visible for a brief period of
+;; time.  This pre-command-hook clears the overlay before any command
+;; and should be set whenever a preedit overlay is visible.
+(defun x-clear-preedit-text ()
+  "Clear the pre-edit overlay and remove itself from pre-command-hook.
+This function should be installed in `pre-command-hook' whenever
+preedit text is displayed."
+  (when x-preedit-overlay
+    (delete-overlay x-preedit-overlay)
+    (setq x-preedit-overlay nil))
+  (remove-hook 'pre-command-hook #'x-clear-preedit-text))
+
 (defun x-preedit-text (event)
   "Display preedit text from a compose sequence in EVENT.
 EVENT is a preedit-text event."
   (interactive "e")
   (when x-preedit-overlay
     (delete-overlay x-preedit-overlay)
-    (setq x-preedit-overlay nil))
+    (setq x-preedit-overlay nil)
+    (remove-hook 'pre-command-hook #'x-clear-preedit-text))
   (when (nth 1 event)
     (let ((string (propertize (nth 1 event) 'face '(:underline t))))
       (setq x-preedit-overlay (make-overlay (point) (point)))
+      (add-hook 'pre-command-hook #'x-clear-preedit-text)
       (overlay-put x-preedit-overlay 'window (selected-window))
       (overlay-put x-preedit-overlay 'before-string
                    (if x-display-cursor-at-start-of-preedit-string
@@ -1545,6 +1561,8 @@ EVENT is a preedit-text event."
 
 (define-key special-event-map [preedit-text] 'x-preedit-text)
 
+(defvaralias 'x-gtk-use-system-tooltips 'use-system-tooltips)
+
 (provide 'x-win)
 (provide 'term/x-win)
 
diff --git a/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el b/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el
index ae3b18ed179..6382b402c06 100644
--- a/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el
+++ b/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el
@@ -1673,14 +1673,13 @@ Valid forms include:
      ("\\\\bibliographystyle"            ispell-tex-arg-end)
      ("\\\\makebox"                      ispell-tex-arg-end 0)
      ("\\\\e?psfig"                      ispell-tex-arg-end)
-     ("\\\\document\\(class\\|style\\)" .
-      "\\\\begin[ \t\n]*{[ \t\n]*document[ \t\n]*}"))
+     ("\\\\document\\(class\\|style\\)" . "\\\\begin[ \t\n]*{document}"))
     (;; delimited with \begin.  In ispell: displaymath, eqnarray, eqnarray*,
      ;; equation, minipage, picture, tabular, tabular* (ispell)
      ("\\(figure\\|table\\)\\*?"         ispell-tex-arg-end 0)
      ("list"                             ispell-tex-arg-end 2)
-     ("program"         . "\\\\end[ \t\n]*{[ \t\n]*program[ \t\n]*}")
-     ("verbatim\\*?"    . "\\\\end[ \t\n]*{[ \t\n]*verbatim\\*?[ \t\n]*}"))))
+     ("program"      . "\\\\end[ \t]*{program}")
+     ("verbatim\\*?" . "\\\\end[ \t]*{verbatim\\*?}"))))
   "Lists of regions to be skipped in TeX mode.
 First list is used raw.
 Second list has key placed inside \\begin{}.
diff --git a/lisp/tooltip.el b/lisp/tooltip.el
index 1cf16fdb5d2..2aa487d0454 100644
--- a/lisp/tooltip.el
+++ b/lisp/tooltip.el
@@ -339,6 +339,8 @@ This is used by `tooltip-show-help' and
 (defvar tooltip-previous-message nil
   "The previous content of the echo area.")
 
+(defvar haiku-use-system-tooltips)
+
 (defun tooltip-show-help-non-mode (help)
   "Function installed as `show-help-function' when Tooltip mode is off.
 It is also called if Tooltip mode is on, for text-only displays."
@@ -374,8 +376,10 @@ It is also called if Tooltip mode is on, for text-only displays."
   "Function installed as `show-help-function'.
 MSG is either a help string to display, or nil to cancel the display."
   (if (and (display-graphic-p)
-           (or (not (eq window-system 'haiku)) ;; On Haiku, there isn't a reliable way to show tooltips
-                                               ;; above menus.
+           ;; On Haiku, system tooltips can't be displayed above
+           ;; menus.
+           (or (not (and (eq window-system 'haiku)
+                         haiku-use-system-tooltips))
                (not (menu-or-popup-active-p))))
       (let ((previous-help tooltip-help-message))
         (setq tooltip-help-message msg)
@@ -383,9 +387,12 @@ MSG is either a help string to display, or nil to cancel the display."
                ;; Cancel display.  This also cancels a delayed tip, if
                ;; there is one.
                (tooltip-hide))
-              ((equal-including-properties previous-help msg)
-               ;; Same help as before (but possibly the mouse has moved).
-               ;; Keep what we have.
+              ((equal previous-help msg)
+               ;; Same help as before (but possibly the mouse has
+               ;; moved or the text properties have changed).  Keep
+               ;; what we have.  If only text properties have changed,
+               ;; the tooltip won't be updated, but that shouldn't
+               ;; occur.
                )
               (t
                ;; A different help.  Remove a previous tooltip, and
diff --git a/lisp/url/url-queue.el b/lisp/url/url-queue.el
index 8741bca9423..d353f0c0117 100644
--- a/lisp/url/url-queue.el
+++ b/lisp/url/url-queue.el
@@ -155,14 +155,19 @@ The variable `url-queue-timeout' sets a timeout."
 (defun url-queue-start-retrieve (job)
   (setf (url-queue-buffer job)
         (ignore-errors
-          (with-current-buffer (if (buffer-live-p (url-queue-context-buffer job))
+          (with-current-buffer (if (buffer-live-p
+                                    (url-queue-context-buffer job))
                                    (url-queue-context-buffer job)
                                  (current-buffer))
-           (let ((url-request-noninteractive t))
-             (url-retrieve (url-queue-url job)
-                           #'url-queue-callback-function (list job)
-                           (url-queue-silentp job)
-                           (url-queue-inhibit-cookiesp job)))))))
+            (let ((url-request-noninteractive t)
+                  ;; This will disable querying the user for
+                  ;; credentials if one of the things we're fetching
+                  ;; in the background return a header requesting it.
+                  (url-request-extra-headers '(("Authorization" . ""))))
+              (url-retrieve (url-queue-url job)
+                            #'url-queue-callback-function (list job)
+                            (url-queue-silentp job)
+                            (url-queue-inhibit-cookiesp job)))))))
 
 (defun url-queue-prune-old-entries ()
   (let (dead-jobs)
diff --git a/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el b/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el
index 37eaf254fdb..731d1e8256f 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el
@@ -2272,21 +2272,24 @@ Return new point, if it was moved."
   "Iterate over all hunks between point and MAX.
 Call FUN with two args (BEG and END) for each hunk."
   (save-excursion
-    (let* ((beg (or (ignore-errors (diff-beginning-of-hunk))
-                    (ignore-errors (diff-hunk-next) (point))
-                    max)))
-      (while (< beg max)
-        (goto-char beg)
-        (cl-assert (looking-at diff-hunk-header-re))
-        (let ((end
-               (save-excursion (diff-end-of-hunk) (point))))
-          (cl-assert (< beg end))
-          (funcall fun beg end)
-          (goto-char end)
-          (setq beg (if (looking-at diff-hunk-header-re)
-                        end
-                      (or (ignore-errors (diff-hunk-next) (point))
-                          max))))))))
+    (catch 'malformed
+      (let* ((beg (or (ignore-errors (diff-beginning-of-hunk))
+                      (ignore-errors (diff-hunk-next) (point))
+                      max)))
+        (while (< beg max)
+          (goto-char beg)
+          (unless (looking-at diff-hunk-header-re)
+            (throw 'malformed nil))
+          (let ((end
+                 (save-excursion (diff-end-of-hunk) (point))))
+            (unless (< beg end)
+              (throw 'malformed nil))
+            (funcall fun beg end)
+            (goto-char end)
+            (setq beg (if (looking-at diff-hunk-header-re)
+                          end
+                        (or (ignore-errors (diff-hunk-next) (point))
+                            max)))))))))
 
 (defun diff--font-lock-refined (max)
   "Apply hunk refinement from font-lock."
diff --git a/lisp/vc/pcvs-info.el b/lisp/vc/pcvs-info.el
index 341fa243cfa..b48a4a1cbf1 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/pcvs-info.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/pcvs-info.el
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ to confuse some users sometimes."
 (defvar cvs-bakprefix ".#"
   "The prefix that CVS prepends to files when rcsmerge'ing.")
 
-(autoload 'cvs-mode-toggle-mark "pcvs")
+(declare-function cvs-mode-toggle-mark "pcvs" (e))
 
 (defvar-keymap cvs-status-map
   :doc "Local keymap for text properties of status."
diff --git a/lisp/vc/vc.el b/lisp/vc/vc.el
index ef3354701c2..54457a21433 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/vc.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/vc.el
@@ -1004,13 +1004,14 @@ responsible for the given file."
       ;;
       ;; First try: find a responsible backend.  If this is for registration,
       ;; it must be a backend under which FILE is not yet registered.
-      (let ((dirs (delq nil
-                        (mapcar
-                         (lambda (backend)
-                           (when-let ((dir (vc-call-backend
-                                            backend 'responsible-p file)))
-                             (cons backend dir)))
-                         vc-handled-backends))))
+      (let* ((file (expand-file-name file))
+             (dirs (delq nil
+                         (mapcar
+                          (lambda (backend)
+                            (when-let ((dir (vc-call-backend
+                                             backend 'responsible-p file)))
+                              (cons backend dir)))
+                          vc-handled-backends))))
         ;; Just a single response (or none); use it.
         (if (< (length dirs) 2)
             (caar dirs)