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+;;; em-basic --- basic shell builtin commands
+
+;; Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Free Sofware Foundation
+
+;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+;; any later version.
+
+;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+;; GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
+;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+(provide 'em-basic)
+
+(eval-when-compile (require 'esh-maint))
+
+(defgroup eshell-basic nil
+  "The \"basic\" code provides a set of convenience functions which
+are traditionally considered shell builtins.  Since all of the
+functionality provided by them is accessible through Lisp, they are
+not really builtins at all, but offer a command-oriented way to do the
+same thing."
+  :tag "Basic shell commands"
+  :group 'eshell-module)
+
+;;; Commentary:
+
+;; There are very few basic Eshell commands -- so-called builtins.
+;; They are: echo, umask, and version.
+;;
+;;;_* `echo'
+;;
+;; The `echo' command repeats its arguments to the screen.  It is
+;; optional whether this is done in a Lisp-friendly fashion (so that
+;; the value of echo is useful to a Lisp command using the result of
+;; echo as an argument), or whether it should try to act like a normal
+;; shell echo, and always result in a flat string being returned.
+
+(defcustom eshell-plain-echo-behavior nil
+  "*If non-nil, `echo' tries to behave like an ordinary shell echo.
+This comes at some detriment to Lisp functionality.  However, the Lisp
+equivalent of `echo' can always be achieved by using `identity'."
+  :type 'boolean
+  :group 'eshell-basic)
+
+;;;
+;; An example of the difference is the following:
+;;
+;;   echo Hello world
+;;
+;; If `eshell-plain-echo-behavior' is non-nil, this will yield the
+;; string "Hello world".  If Lisp behavior is enabled, however, it
+;; will yield a list whose two elements are the strings "Hello" and
+;; "world".  The way to write an equivalent expression for both would
+;; be:
+;;
+;;   echo "Hello world"
+;;
+;; This always returns a single string.
+;;
+;;;_* `umask'
+;;
+;; The umask command changes the default file permissions for newly
+;; created files.  It uses the same syntax as bash.
+;;
+;;;_* `version'
+;;
+;; This command reports the version number for Eshell and all its
+;; dependent module, including the date when those modules were last
+;; modified.
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'esh-opt)
+
+;;; Functions:
+
+(defun eshell-echo (args &optional output-newline)
+  "Implementation code for a Lisp version of `echo'.
+It returns a formatted value that should be passed to `eshell-print'
+or `eshell-printn' for display."
+  (if eshell-plain-echo-behavior
+      (concat (apply 'eshell-flatten-and-stringify args) "\n")
+    (let ((value
+           (cond
+            ((= (length args) 0) "")
+            ((= (length args) 1)
+             (car args))
+            (t
+             (mapcar
+              (function
+               (lambda (arg)
+                 (if (stringp arg)
+                     (set-text-properties 0 (length arg) nil arg))
+                 arg))
+              args)))))
+      (if output-newline
+          (cond
+           ((stringp value)
+            (concat value "\n"))
+           ((listp value)
+            (append value (list "\n")))
+           (t
+            (concat (eshell-stringify value) "\n")))
+        value))))
+
+(defun eshell/echo (&rest args)
+  "Implementation of `echo'.  See `eshell-plain-echo-behavior'."
+  (eshell-eval-using-options
+   "echo" args
+   '((?n nil nil output-newline "terminate with a newline")
+     (?h "help" nil nil "output this help screen")
+     :preserve-args
+     :usage "[-n] [object]")
+   (eshell-echo args output-newline)))
+
+(defun eshell/printnl (&rest args)
+  "Print out each of the argument, separated by newlines."
+  (let ((elems (eshell-flatten-list args)))
+    (while elems
+      (eshell-printn (eshell-echo (list (car elems))))
+      (setq elems (cdr elems)))))
+
+(defun eshell/listify (&rest args)
+  "Return the argument(s) as a single list."
+  (if (> (length args) 1)
+      args
+    (if (listp (car args))
+        (car args)
+      (list (car args)))))
+
+(defun eshell/umask (&rest args)
+  "Shell-like implementation of `umask'."
+  (eshell-eval-using-options
+   "umask" args
+   '((?S "symbolic" nil symbolic-p "display umask symbolically")
+     (?h "help" nil nil  "display this usage message")
+     :usage "[-S] [mode]")
+   (if (or (not args) symbolic-p)
+       (let ((modstr
+              (concat "000"
+                      (format "%o"
+                              (logand (lognot (default-file-modes))
+                                      511)))))
+         (setq modstr (substring modstr (- (length modstr) 3)))
+         (when symbolic-p
+           (let ((mode (default-file-modes)))
+             (setq modstr
+                   (format
+                    "u=%s,g=%s,o=%s"
+                    (concat (and (= (logand mode 64) 64) "r")
+                            (and (= (logand mode 128) 128) "w")
+                            (and (= (logand mode 256) 256) "x"))
+                    (concat (and (= (logand mode 8) 8) "r")
+                            (and (= (logand mode 16) 16) "w")
+                            (and (= (logand mode 32) 32) "x"))
+                    (concat (and (= (logand mode 1) 1) "r")
+                            (and (= (logand mode 2) 2) "w")
+                            (and (= (logand mode 4) 4) "x"))))))
+         (eshell-printn modstr))
+     (setcar args (eshell-convert (car args)))
+     (if (numberp (car args))
+         (set-default-file-modes
+          (- 511 (car (read-from-string
+                       (concat "?\\" (number-to-string (car args)))))))
+       (error "setting umask symbolically is not yet implemented"))
+     (eshell-print
+      "Warning: umask changed for all new files created by Emacs.\n"))
+   nil))
+
+(eval-when-compile
+  (defvar print-func))
+
+;;; em-basic.el ends here