Add helper binary `exec1'

* .gitignore: New files.
* Makefile.in (mostlyclean_dirs): Add libexec, if its Makefile
exists.
* autogen.sh (do_git): Autoreconf in exec as well.
* configure.ac: Configure libexec on Android.
* exec/Makefile.in:
* exec/README:
* exec/config-mips.m4.in:
* exec/config.guess:
* exec/config.h.in:
* exec/config.sub:
* exec/configure:
* exec/configure.ac:
* exec/deps.mk:
* exec/exec.c (MIN, struct exec_open_command)
(struct exec_map_command, struct exec_jump_command)
(write_open_command, write_load_command, process_interpreter_1)
(process_interpreter, process_program_header, insert_args)
(exec_0):
* exec/exec.h (_EXEC_H_, struct elf_header_32)
(struct program_header_32, struct dt_entry_32)
(struct elf_header_64, struct program_header_64)
(struct dt_entry_64, struct exec_tracee):
* exec/exec1.c (main):
* exec/install-sh (scriptversion):
* exec/loader-aarch64.s (_start):
* exec/loader-armeabi.s (_start):
* exec/loader-mips64el.s (__start):
* exec/loader-mipsel.s (__start):
* exec/loader-x86.s (_start):
* exec/loader-x86_64.s (_start):
* exec/mipsel-user.h (_MIPSEL_USER_H_):
* exec/mipsfpu.c (MIPS_ABI_FP_ANY, fpu_reqs, valid_abi_p)
(fp_mode_for_abi, cpu_supports_fr0_p, determine_fpu_mode):
* exec/mipsfpu.h (_MIPSFPU_H_, FP_FR0):
* exec/test.c (print_usage, main):
* exec/trace.c (MAX_TRACEES, aarch64_set_regs, read_memory)
(user_alloca, user_copy, remove_tracee, handle_clone)
(syscall_trap_p, handle_exec, process_system_call, tracing_execve)
(after_fork, find_tracee, exec_waitpid, exec_init): New files.
* java/Makefile.in (CROSS_EXEC_BINS): Add exec1 and
loader.
($(CROSS_EXEC_BINS) &): New target.

1 files changed, 1016 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/exec/exec.c b/exec/exec.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e890179a9ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exec/exec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1016 @@
+/* Program execution for Emacs.
+
+Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of GNU Emacs.
+
+GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+your option) any later version.
+
+GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#ifndef MIN
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif /* MIN */
+
+#ifndef MAX
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
+#endif /* MAX */
+
+#include "exec.h"
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+#include "mipsfpu.h"
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+
+
+/* Executable reading functions.
+   These functions extract information from an executable that is
+   about to be loaded.
+
+   `exec_0' takes the name of the program, determines whether or not
+   its format is correct, and if so, returns the list of actions that
+   the loader should perform.
+
+   The actions include:
+
+     - Making the stack executable, if PT_GNU_STACK.
+     - Mapping PT_LOAD sections into the executable with the correct
+       memory protection.
+     - On MIPS, setting the floating point register size.
+     - Transferring control to the interpreter or executable.  */
+
+
+/* Check whether or not FD starts with a #!, and return the executable
+   to load if it does.  Value is NAME if no interpreter character was
+   found, or the interpreter otherwise.  Value is NULL upon an IO
+   error.
+
+   If an additional command line argument is specified, place it in
+   *EXTRA.  */
+
+static const char *
+check_interpreter (const char *name, int fd, const char **extra)
+{
+  static char buffer[PATH_MAX], *start;
+  char first[2], *end, *ws;
+  ssize_t rc;
+
+  /* Read the first character.  */
+  rc = read (fd, &first, 2);
+
+  if (rc != 2)
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (first[0] != '#' || first[1] != '!')
+    goto nomatch;
+
+  rc = read (fd, buffer, PATH_MAX);
+
+  if (rc < 0)
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Strip leading whitespace.  */
+  start = buffer;
+  while (*start && *start < 128 && isspace (*start))
+    ++start;
+
+  /* Look for a newline character.  */
+  end = memchr (start, '\n', rc);
+
+  if (!end)
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* The string containing the interpreter is now in start.  NULL
+     terminate it.  */
+  *end = '\0';
+
+  /* Now look for any whitespace characters.  */
+  ws = strchr (start, ' ');
+
+  /* If there's no whitespace, return the entire start.  */
+
+  if (!ws)
+    {
+      if (lseek (fd, 0, SEEK_SET))
+        goto fail;
+
+      return start;
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, split the string at the whitespace and return the
+     additional argument.  */
+  *ws = '\0';
+
+  if (lseek (fd, 0, SEEK_SET))
+    goto fail;
+
+  *extra = ws + 1;
+  return start;
+
+ nomatch:
+  /* There's no interpreter.  */
+  if (lseek (fd, 0, SEEK_SET))
+    goto fail;
+
+  return name;
+
+ fail:
+  errno = ENOEXEC;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Static area used to store data placed on the loader's stack.  */
+static char loader_area[65536];
+
+/* Number of bytes used in that area.  */
+static int loader_area_used;
+
+
+
+/* Structure definitions for commands placed in the loader area.
+   Arrange these so that each member is naturally aligned.  */
+
+struct exec_open_command
+{
+  /* Word identifying the type of this command.  */
+  USER_WORD command;
+
+  /* NULL-terminated file name follows, padded to the size of a user
+     word.  */
+};
+
+struct exec_map_command
+{
+  /* Word identifying the type of this command.  */
+  USER_WORD command;
+
+  /* Where the file will be mapped.  */
+  USER_WORD vm_address;
+
+  /* Offset into the file to map from.  */
+  USER_WORD file_offset;
+
+  /* Memory protection for mprotect.  */
+  USER_WORD protection;
+
+  /* Number of bytes to be mapped.  */
+  USER_WORD length;
+
+  /* Flags for mmap.  */
+  USER_WORD flags;
+
+  /* Number of bytes to clear at the end of this mapping.  */
+  USER_WORD clear;
+};
+
+struct exec_jump_command
+{
+  /* Word identifying the type of this command.  */
+  USER_WORD command;
+
+  /* Address to jump to.  */
+  USER_WORD entry;
+
+  /* The value of AT_ENTRY inside the aux vector.  */
+  USER_WORD at_entry;
+
+  /* The value of AT_PHENT inside the aux vector.  */
+  USER_WORD at_phent;
+
+  /* The value of AT_PHNUM inside the aux vector.  */
+  USER_WORD at_phnum;
+
+  /* The value of AT_PHDR inside the aux vector.  */
+  USER_WORD at_phdr;
+
+  /* The value of AT_BASE inside the aux vector.  */
+  USER_WORD at_base;
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+  /* The FPU mode to apply.  */
+  USER_WORD fpu_mode;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+};
+
+
+
+/* Write a command to open the file NAME to the loader area.
+   If ALTERNATE is true, then use the command code 16 instead
+   of 0.  Value is 1 upon failure, else 0.  */
+
+static int
+write_open_command (const char *name, bool alternate)
+{
+  struct exec_open_command command;
+  size_t size;
+
+  /* First, write the command to open NAME.  This is followed by NAME
+     itself, padded to sizeof (USER_WORD) bytes.  */
+
+  command.command = alternate ? 16 : 0;
+  if (sizeof loader_area - loader_area_used < sizeof command)
+    return 1;
+  memcpy (loader_area + loader_area_used, &command, sizeof command);
+  loader_area_used += sizeof command;
+
+  /* Calculate the length of NAME.  */
+  size = strlen (name) + 1;
+
+  /* Round it up.  */
+  size = ((size + (sizeof (USER_WORD) - 1))
+          & ~(sizeof (USER_WORD) - 1));
+
+  if (sizeof loader_area - loader_area_used < size)
+    return 1;
+
+  /* Now copy name to the loader area, filling the padding with NULL
+     bytes.  */
+  strncpy (loader_area + loader_area_used, name, size);
+
+  /* Increase loader_area_used.  */
+  loader_area_used += size;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Write the commands necessary to map the executable file into memory
+   for the given PT_LOAD program HEADER.  Value is 1 upon failure,
+   else 0.  If USE_ALTERNATE, use the command code 17 instead of
+   1.
+
+   Apply the given OFFSET to virtual addresses that will be mapped.  */
+
+static int
+write_load_command (program_header *header, bool use_alternate,
+                    USER_WORD offset)
+{
+  struct exec_map_command command;
+  struct exec_map_command command1;
+  USER_WORD start, end;
+  bool need_command1;
+  static long pagesize;
+
+  /* First, write the commands necessary to map the specified segment
+     itself.
+
+     This is the area between header->p_vaddr and header->p_filesz,
+     rounded up to the page size.  */
+
+#ifndef PAGE_MASK
+  /* This system doesn't define a fixed page size.  */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GETPAGESIZE
+  if (!pagesize)
+    pagesize = getpagesize ();
+#else /* HAVE_GETPAGESIZE */
+  if (!pagesize)
+    pagesize = sysconf (_SC_PAGESIZE);
+
+#define PAGE_MASK (~(pagesize - 1))
+#define PAGE_SIZE (pagesize)
+#endif /* HAVE_GETPAGESIZE */
+#endif /* PAGE_MASK */
+
+  start = header->p_vaddr & PAGE_MASK;
+  end = ((header->p_vaddr + header->p_filesz
+          + PAGE_SIZE)
+         & PAGE_MASK);
+
+  command.command = use_alternate ? 17 : 1;
+  command.vm_address = start;
+  command.file_offset = header->p_offset & PAGE_MASK;
+  command.protection = 0;
+  command.length = end - start;
+  command.clear = 0;
+  command.flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FIXED;
+
+  /* Apply the memory protection specified in the header.  */
+
+  if (header->p_flags & 4) /* PF_R */
+    command.protection |= PROT_READ;
+
+  if (header->p_flags & 2) /* PF_W */
+    command.protection |= PROT_WRITE;
+
+  if (header->p_flags & 1) /* PF_X */
+    command.protection |= PROT_EXEC;
+
+  /* Next, write any command necessary to map pages in the area
+     between p_filesz and p_memsz.  */
+  need_command1 = false;
+
+  if (header->p_memsz > header->p_filesz)
+    {
+      /* If there are bytes after end which need to be initialized, do
+         that now.  */
+      command.clear = end - header->p_vaddr - header->p_filesz;
+      start = end;
+      end = header->p_vaddr + header->p_memsz + PAGE_SIZE;
+      end &= PAGE_MASK;
+
+      if (end > start)
+        {
+          command1.command = 4;
+          command1.vm_address = start;
+          command1.file_offset = 0;
+          command1.length = end - start;
+          command1.clear = 0;
+          command1.protection = command.protection;
+          command1.flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED;
+          need_command1 = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+  /* Apply the offset to both commands if necessary.  */
+
+  if (offset)
+    {
+      if (need_command1)
+        command1.vm_address += offset;
+
+      command.vm_address += offset;
+    }
+
+  /* Write both commands.  */
+
+  if (sizeof loader_area - loader_area_used < sizeof command)
+    return 1;
+
+  memcpy (loader_area + loader_area_used, &command,
+          sizeof command);
+  loader_area_used += sizeof command;
+
+  if (!need_command1)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (sizeof loader_area - loader_area_used < sizeof command1)
+    return 1;
+
+  memcpy (loader_area + loader_area_used, &command1,
+          sizeof command1);
+  loader_area_used += sizeof command1;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+
+/* Static storage used for MIPS ABI flags.  */
+static struct mips_elf_abi_flags exec_abi, interpreter_abi;
+
+/* Static storage for interpreter headers.  */
+static elf_header exec_interpreter_header;
+
+/* Pointer to the ELF header of this executable's interpreter.  */
+static elf_header *interpreter_header;
+
+/* Pointer to any PT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS program header found in the
+   executable itself.  */
+static struct mips_elf_abi_flags *exec_abiflags;
+
+/* Pointer to any PT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS program header found in the
+   executable's ELF interpreter.  */
+static struct mips_elf_abi_flags *interpreter_abiflags;
+
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+/* Process the specified program HEADER; HEADER is from the ELF
+   interpreter of another executable.  FD is the executable file from
+   which it is being read, NAME is its file name, and ELF_HEADER is
+   its header.
+
+   If ELF_HEADER->e_type is ET_DYN, add the base address for position
+   independent interpreter code to virtual addresses.
+
+   Value is 1 upon failure, else 0.  */
+
+static int
+process_interpreter_1 (const char *name, int fd,
+                       program_header *header,
+                       elf_header *elf_header)
+{
+  int rc;
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+  ssize_t rc1;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+  switch (header->p_type)
+    {
+    default: /* PT_NULL, PT_NOTE, PT_DYNAMIC, PT_INTERP, et cetera */
+      rc = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case 1: /* PT_LOAD */
+      /* This describes a segment in the file that must be loaded.
+         Write the appropriate load command.  */
+
+      if (elf_header->e_type == 3) /* ET_DYN */
+        rc = write_load_command (header, true,
+                                 INTERPRETER_BASE);
+      else
+        rc = write_load_command (header, true, 0);
+
+      break;
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+    case 0x70000003: /* PT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS */
+      /* Record this header for later use.  */
+      rc1 = pread (fd, &interpreter_abi, sizeof interpreter_abi,
+                   header->p_offset);
+
+      if (rc1 != sizeof interpreter_abi)
+        return 1;
+
+      interpreter_abiflags = &interpreter_abi;
+      rc = 0;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+    }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* Read the ELF interpreter specified in the given program header from
+   FD, and append the commands necessary to load it to the load area.
+   Then, return the interpreter entry point in *ENTRY.
+
+   Value is 1 upon failure, else 0.  */
+
+static int
+process_interpreter (int fd, program_header *prog_header,
+                     USER_WORD *entry)
+{
+  char buffer[PATH_MAX + 1];
+  int rc, size, i;
+  elf_header header;
+  program_header program;
+
+  /* Read the interpreter name.  */
+  size = MIN (prog_header->p_filesz, PATH_MAX);
+  rc = pread (fd, buffer, size, prog_header->p_offset);
+  if (rc < size)
+    return 1;
+
+  /* Make sure the name is NULL terminated.  */
+  buffer[size] = '\0';
+
+  /* Check if the file is executable.  This is unfortunately not
+     atomic.  */
+
+  if (access (buffer, X_OK))
+    return 1;
+
+  /* Read the interpreter's header much like exec_0.
+
+     However, use special command codes in `process_program_header' if
+     it is position independent.  That way, the loader knows it should
+     use the open interpreter instead.  */
+
+  fd = open (buffer, O_RDONLY);
+
+  if (fd < 0)
+    return 1;
+
+  rc = read (fd, &header, sizeof header);
+
+  if (rc < sizeof header)
+    goto fail;
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+  /* Record this interpreter's header for later use determining the
+     floating point ABI.  */
+  exec_interpreter_header = header;
+  interpreter_header = &exec_interpreter_header;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+  /* Verify that this is indeed an ELF file.  */
+
+  if (header.e_ident[0] != 0x7f
+      || header.e_ident[1] != 'E'
+      || header.e_ident[2] != 'L'
+      || header.e_ident[3] != 'F')
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Now check that the class is correct.  */
+#ifdef EXEC_64
+  if (header.e_ident[4] != 2)
+    goto fail;
+#else /* !EXEC_64 */
+  if (header.e_ident[4] != 1)
+    goto fail;
+#endif /* EXEC_64 */
+
+  /* And the endianness.  */
+#ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+  if (header.e_ident[5] != 1)
+    goto fail;
+#else /* WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
+  if (header.e_ident[5] != 2)
+    goto fail;
+#endif /* EXEC_64 */
+
+  /* Check that this is an executable.  */
+  if (header.e_type != 2 && header.e_type != 3)
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Now check that the ELF program header makes sense.  */
+  if (header.e_phnum > 0xffff
+      || (header.e_phentsize
+          != sizeof (program_header)))
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (write_open_command (buffer, true))
+    goto fail;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < header.e_phnum; ++i)
+    {
+      rc = read (fd, &program, sizeof program);
+      if (rc < sizeof program)
+        goto fail;
+
+      if (process_interpreter_1 (buffer, fd, &program,
+                                 &header))
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+  if (header.e_type == 3) /* ET_DYN */
+    *entry = header.e_entry + INTERPRETER_BASE;
+  else
+    *entry = header.e_entry;
+
+  close (fd);
+  return 0;
+
+ fail:
+  close (fd);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Process the specified program HEADER.  FD is the executable file
+   from which it is being read, NAME is its file name, and ELF_HEADER
+   is its header.
+
+   If ELF_HEADER->e_type is ET_DYN, add the base address for position
+   independent code to virtual addresses.
+
+   If OFFSET is non-NULL, and *OFFSET is -1, write the virtual address
+   of HEADER if it describes a PT_LOAD segment.
+
+   If an interpreter is found, set *ENTRY to its entry point.
+
+   Value is 1 upon failure, else 0.  */
+
+static int
+process_program_header (const char *name, int fd,
+                        program_header *header,
+                        elf_header *elf_header,
+                        USER_WORD *entry,
+                        USER_WORD *offset)
+{
+  int rc;
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+  ssize_t rc1;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+  switch (header->p_type)
+    {
+    default: /* PT_NULL, PT_NOTE, PT_DYNAMIC, et cetera */
+      rc = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case 1: /* PT_LOAD */
+      /* This describes a segment in the file that must be loaded.
+         Write the appropriate load command.  */
+
+      if (elf_header->e_type == 3) /* ET_DYN */
+        {
+          rc = write_load_command (header, false,
+                                   EXECUTABLE_BASE);
+
+          if (!rc && offset && *offset == (USER_WORD) -1)
+            *offset = EXECUTABLE_BASE + header->p_vaddr;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          rc = write_load_command (header, false, 0);
+
+          if (!rc && offset && *offset == (USER_WORD) -1)
+            *offset = header->p_vaddr;
+        }
+
+      break;
+
+    case 3: /* PT_INTERP */
+      /* This describes another executable that must be loaded.
+         Open the interpreter and process each of its headers
+         as well.  */
+      rc = process_interpreter (fd, header, entry);
+      break;
+
+    case 1685382481: /* PT_GNU_STACK */
+      /* TODO */
+      rc = 0;
+      break;
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+    case 0x70000003: /* PT_MIPS_ABIFLAGS */
+      /* Record this header for later use.  */
+      rc1 = pread (fd, &exec_abi, sizeof exec_abi,
+                   header->p_offset);
+
+      if (rc1 != sizeof exec_abi)
+        return 1;
+
+      exec_abiflags = &exec_abi;
+      rc = 0;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+    }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* Prepend one or two extra arguments ARG1 and ARG2 to a pending
+   execve system call.  TRACEE is the tracee performing the system
+   call, and REGS are its current user registers.  Value is 1 upon
+   failure, else 0.  */
+
+static int
+insert_args (struct exec_tracee *tracee, USER_REGS_STRUCT *regs,
+             const char *arg1, const char *arg2)
+{
+  USER_WORD argv, argc, word, new;
+  USER_WORD new1, new2;
+  size_t text_size, effective_size;
+  USER_REGS_STRUCT original;
+
+  /* First, get a pointer to the current argument vector.  */
+  argv = regs->SYSCALL_ARG1_REG;
+
+  /* Now figure out how many arguments there are.  */
+  argc = 0;
+  while (true)
+    {
+      /* Clear errno.  PTRACE_PEEKDATA returns the word read the same
+         way failure indications are returned, so the only way to
+         catch IO errors is by clearing errno before the call to
+         ptrace and checking it afterwards.  */
+
+      errno = 0;
+      word = ptrace (PTRACE_PEEKDATA, tracee->pid,
+                     (void *) argv, NULL);
+      argv += sizeof (USER_WORD);
+
+      if (errno)
+        return 1;
+
+      if (!word)
+        break;
+
+      ++argc;
+    };
+
+  /* Allocate enough to hold that many arguments, alongside the argc
+     text.  */
+
+  text_size = (strlen (arg1) + 1
+               + (arg2 ? strlen (arg2) + 1 : 0));
+
+  /* Round it up to the user word size.  */
+  text_size += sizeof (USER_WORD) - 1;
+  text_size &= ~(sizeof (USER_WORD) - 1);
+
+  /* Now allocate the new argv.  */
+
+  effective_size = sizeof word * (argc + 2) + text_size;
+
+  if (arg2)
+    effective_size += sizeof word;
+
+  /* Copy regs to original so that user_alloca knows it should append
+     the ABI red zone.  */
+
+  memcpy (&original, regs, sizeof *regs);
+  new = user_alloca (tracee, &original, regs,
+                     effective_size);
+
+  if (!new)
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Figure out where argv starts.  */
+
+  new2 = new + text_size;
+
+  /* Now write the two strings.  */
+
+  new1 = new + strlen (arg1) + 1;
+  if (user_copy (tracee, (const unsigned char *) arg1,
+                 new, new1 - new))
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (arg2 && user_copy (tracee, (const unsigned char *) arg2,
+                         new1, new2 - new1))
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Start copying argv back to new2.  First, write the one or two new
+     arguments.  */
+
+  if (ptrace (PTRACE_POKETEXT, tracee->pid,
+              (void *) new2, (void *) new))
+    goto fail;
+
+  new2 += sizeof new2;
+
+  if (arg2 && ptrace (PTRACE_POKETEXT, tracee->pid,
+                      (void *) new2, (void *) new1))
+    goto fail;
+  else if (arg2)
+    new2 += sizeof new2;
+
+  /* Copy the remaining arguments back.  */
+
+  argv = regs->SYSCALL_ARG1_REG;
+
+  /* Make sure the trailing NULL is included.  */
+  argc += 1;
+
+  while (argc)
+    {
+      /* Read one argument.  */
+      word = ptrace (PTRACE_PEEKDATA, tracee->pid,
+                     (void *) argv, NULL);
+      argv += sizeof argv;
+      argc--;
+
+      /* Write one argument, then increment new2.  */
+
+      if (ptrace (PTRACE_POKETEXT, tracee->pid,
+                  (void *) new2, (void *) word))
+        goto fail;
+
+      new2 += sizeof new2;
+    }
+
+  /* Assert that new2 is not out of bounds.  */
+  assert (new2 == new + effective_size);
+
+  /* And that it is properly aligned.  */
+  assert (!(new2 & (sizeof new2 - 2)));
+
+  /* Now modify the system call argument to point to new +
+     text_size.  */
+
+  regs->SYSCALL_ARG1_REG = new + text_size;
+
+#ifdef __aarch64__
+  if (aarch64_set_regs (tracee->pid, regs, false))
+    goto fail;
+#else /* !__aarch64__ */
+  if (ptrace (PTRACE_SETREGS, tracee->pid, NULL, regs))
+    goto fail;
+#endif /* __aarch64__ */
+
+  /* Success.  */
+
+  return 0;
+
+ fail:
+  /* Restore the original stack pointer.  */
+#ifdef __aarch64__
+  aarch64_set_regs (tracee->pid, &original, false);
+#else /* !__aarch64__ */
+  ptrace (PTRACE_SETREGS, tracee->pid, NULL, &original);
+#endif /* __aarch64__ */
+  errno = ENOMEM;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/* Return a sequence of actions required to load the executable under
+   the file NAME for the given TRACEE.  First, see if the file starts
+   with #!; in that case, find the program to open and use that
+   instead.
+
+   Next, read the executable header, and add the necessary memory
+   mappings for each file.  Finally, return the action data and its
+   size in *SIZE.
+
+   Finally, use REGS to add the required interpreter arguments to the
+   caller's argv.
+
+   Value is NULL upon failure, with errno set accordingly.  */
+
+char *
+exec_0 (const char *name, struct exec_tracee *tracee,
+        size_t *size, USER_REGS_STRUCT *regs)
+{
+  int fd, rc, i;
+  elf_header header;
+  const char *interpreter_name, *extra;
+  program_header program;
+  USER_WORD entry, program_entry, offset;
+  USER_WORD header_offset;
+  struct exec_jump_command jump;
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+  int fpu_mode;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+  fd = open (name, O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd < 0)
+    return NULL;
+
+  /* Now read the header.  */
+
+  extra = NULL;
+  interpreter_name = check_interpreter (name, fd, &extra);
+  if (!interpreter_name)
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* Open the interpreter instead, if necessary.  */
+  if (interpreter_name != name)
+    {
+      close (fd);
+      fd = open (interpreter_name, O_RDONLY);
+      if (fd < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+      /* Now, rewrite the argument list to include `interpreter_name'
+         and perhaps `extra'.  */
+
+      if (insert_args (tracee, regs, interpreter_name,
+                       extra))
+        goto fail1;
+    }
+
+  rc = read (fd, &header, sizeof header);
+
+  if (rc < sizeof header)
+    goto fail1;
+
+  /* Verify that this is indeed an ELF file.  */
+
+  if (header.e_ident[0] != 0x7f
+      || header.e_ident[1] != 'E'
+      || header.e_ident[2] != 'L'
+      || header.e_ident[3] != 'F')
+    goto fail1;
+
+  /* Now check that the class is correct.  */
+#ifdef EXEC_64
+  if (header.e_ident[4] != 2)
+    goto fail1;
+#else /* !EXEC_64 */
+  if (header.e_ident[4] != 1)
+    goto fail1;
+#endif /* EXEC_64 */
+
+  /* And the endianness.  */
+#ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+  if (header.e_ident[5] != 1)
+    goto fail1;
+#else /* WORDS_BIGENDIAN */
+  if (header.e_ident[5] != 2)
+    goto fail1;
+#endif /* EXEC_64 */
+
+  /* Check that this is an executable.  */
+  if (header.e_type != 2 && header.e_type != 3)
+    goto fail1;
+
+  /* Now check that the ELF program header makes sense.  */
+  if (header.e_phnum > 0xffff
+      || (header.e_phentsize
+          != sizeof (program_header)))
+    goto fail1;
+
+  /* Seek to the first program header and read each one.  */
+  rc = lseek (fd, header.e_phoff, SEEK_SET);
+  if (rc < 0)
+    goto fail1;
+  loader_area_used = 0;
+
+  /* Write the command used to open the executable.  */
+  if (write_open_command (interpreter_name, false))
+    goto fail1;
+
+  /* Apply base addresses for PIC code.  */
+
+  if (header.e_type == 3) /* ET_DYN */
+    offset = EXECUTABLE_BASE;
+  else
+    offset = 0;
+
+  /* entry and program_entry are initially the same, but entry may be
+     set to that of the interpreter if one is present.  */
+
+  entry = header.e_entry + offset;
+  program_entry = header.e_entry;
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+  /* Clear MIPS ABI flags.  */
+  exec_abiflags = NULL;
+  interpreter_abiflags = NULL;
+  interpreter_header = NULL;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+  /* Set header_offset to -1; `process_program_header' then updates it
+     to that of the first mapping.  */
+  header_offset = -1;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < header.e_phnum; ++i)
+    {
+      rc = read (fd, &program, sizeof program);
+      if (rc < sizeof program)
+        goto fail1;
+
+      if (process_program_header (interpreter_name, fd,
+                                  &program, &header,
+                                  &entry, &header_offset))
+        goto fail1;
+    }
+
+  /* Write the entry point and program entry.  */
+
+  jump.command = 3;
+  jump.entry = entry;
+
+  /* Now calculate values for the aux vector.  */
+
+  jump.at_entry = program_entry + offset;
+  jump.at_phent = header.e_phentsize;
+  jump.at_phnum = header.e_phnum;
+  jump.at_base = (entry == header.e_entry + offset
+                  ? EXECUTABLE_BASE
+                  : INTERPRETER_BASE);
+
+#if defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI
+  /* Finally, calculate the FPU mode wanted by the executable.  */
+
+  if (determine_fpu_mode (&header, interpreter_header,
+                          &fpu_mode, exec_abiflags,
+                          interpreter_abiflags))
+    /* N.B. that `determine_fpu_mode' sets errno.  */
+    goto fail;
+
+  /* If the processor is too new to support FR0 operation, place the
+     executable in floating point emulation mode.  */
+
+  if (fpu_mode == FP_FR0 && !cpu_supports_fr0_p ())
+    fpu_mode = FP_FRE;
+
+  jump.fpu_mode = fpu_mode;
+#endif /* defined __mips__ && !defined MIPS_NABI */
+
+  /* The offset used for at_phdr should be that of the first
+     mapping.  */
+
+  if (header_offset == (USER_WORD) -1)
+    header_offset = 0;
+
+  jump.at_phdr = header.e_phoff + header_offset;
+
+  if (sizeof loader_area - loader_area_used < sizeof jump)
+    goto fail1;
+
+  memcpy (loader_area + loader_area_used, &jump,
+          sizeof jump);
+  loader_area_used += sizeof jump;
+
+  /* Close the file descriptor and return the number of bytes
+     used.  */
+
+  close (fd);
+  *size = loader_area_used;
+
+  /* Make sure the loader area is properly aligned.  */
+  assert (!(loader_area_used & (sizeof (USER_WORD) - 1)));
+  return loader_area;
+
+ fail1:
+  errno = ENOEXEC;
+ fail:
+  close (fd);
+  return NULL;
+}