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authorMiles Bader2007-05-24 21:31:10 +0000
committerMiles Bader2007-05-24 21:31:10 +0000
commit262be72a9aaa800d38cd25b12acb8c9b7b21d5d6 (patch)
tree0940ebc7acd6379243e7194446acbd4f062be4f3 /etc
parent5e1d0c0a38c22adc02d1b77bdc1d620fab26e52d (diff)
parenta02a3c235e3ec24acaf2014e6c60c0b4138ff86f (diff)
downloademacs-262be72a9aaa800d38cd25b12acb8c9b7b21d5d6.tar.gz
emacs-262be72a9aaa800d38cd25b12acb8c9b7b21d5d6.zip
Merge from emacs--devo--0
Patches applied: * emacs--devo--0 (patch 751-770) - Update from CVS - Merge from emacs--rel--22 - Update from CVS: lisp/textmodes/sgml-mode.el: Revert last change. - Merge from gnus--rel--5.10 * emacs--rel--22 (patch 18-25) * gnus--rel--5.10 (patch 222-223) - Update from CVS Revision: emacs@sv.gnu.org/emacs--unicode--0--patch-208
Diffstat (limited to 'etc')
-rw-r--r--etc/ChangeLog17
-rw-r--r--etc/NEWS5446
-rw-r--r--etc/NEWS.225490
-rw-r--r--etc/PROBLEMS52
-rw-r--r--etc/TODO4
-rw-r--r--etc/compilation.txt1
-rw-r--r--etc/images/cancel.pbmbin634 -> 81 bytes
-rw-r--r--etc/images/copy.pbmbin1786 -> 127 bytes
-rw-r--r--etc/images/next-node.pbmbin1786 -> 127 bytes
-rw-r--r--etc/images/prev-node.pbmbin1786 -> 127 bytes
-rw-r--r--etc/images/save.pbmbin1786 -> 127 bytes
-rw-r--r--etc/images/up-node.pbmbin1786 -> 127 bytes
12 files changed, 5579 insertions, 5431 deletions
diff --git a/etc/ChangeLog b/etc/ChangeLog
index e782316ef82..e793d0256d3 100644
--- a/etc/ChangeLog
+++ b/etc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
12007-05-22 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
2
3 * NEWS.22: New file with entries for Emacs 22.
4 * NEWS: Move Emacs 22 entries to new file NEWS.22, leave empty
5 template for next Emacs version.
6
72007-05-19 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
8
9 * images/cancel.pbm: Convert from PGM to PBM.
10
11 * images/copy.pbm, images/next-node.pbm, images/prev-node.pbm:
12 * images/save.pbm, images/up-node.pbm: Convert from PPM to PBM.
13
142007-05-17 Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
15
16 * PROBLEMS (Dumping): Mention OpenBSD macppc problem.
17
12007-05-15 Micha,Ak(Bl Cadilhac <michael@cadilhac.name> 182007-05-15 Micha,Ak(Bl Cadilhac <michael@cadilhac.name>
2 19
3 * fr-refcard.tex: Rewrite using German layout. 20 * fr-refcard.tex: Rewrite using German layout.
diff --git a/etc/NEWS b/etc/NEWS
index 8f6e4618a8c..9d32a7034a9 100644
--- a/etc/NEWS
+++ b/etc/NEWS
@@ -1,5466 +1,50 @@
1GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 1GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
2 2
3Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 3Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5See the end of the file for license conditions. 4See the end of the file for license conditions.
6 5
7Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org. 6Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
8If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug. 7If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 8
10This file is about changes in Emacs version 22. 9This file is about changes in Emacs version 23.
11 10
12See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes 11See files NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17
13in older Emacs versions. 12for changes in older Emacs versions.
14 13
15You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news' 14You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n. 15with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
17
18Temporary note:
19 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
20 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
21When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
22so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
23
24Fixme: The notes about Emacs 23 are quite incomplete.
25
26
27* Changes in Emacs 23.1
28
29** The Emacs character set is now a superset of Unicode.
30(It has about four times the code space, which should be plenty).
31
32The internal encoding used for buffers and strings is now
33Unicode-based and called `utf-8-emacs'. utf-8-emacs is backwards
34compatible with the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. The `emacs-mule'
35coding system can still read and write data in the old internal
36encoding.
37
38There are still charsets which contain disjoint sets of characters
39where this is necessary or useful, especially for various Far Eastern
40sets which are problematic with Unicode.
41
42Since the internal encoding is also used by default for byte-compiled
43files -- i.e. the normal coding system for byte-compiled Lisp files is
44now utf-8-Emacs -- Lisp containing non-ASCII characters which is
45compiled by Emacs 23 can't be read by earlier versions of Emacs. Files
46compiled by Emacs 20, 21, or 22 are loaded correctly as emacs-mule
47(whether or not they contain multibyte characters), which makes loading
48them somewhat slower than Emacs 23-compiled files. Thus it may be worth
49recompiling existing .elc files which don't need to be shared with older
50Emacsen.
51
52** There are assorted new coding systems/aliases -- see
53M-x list-coding-systems.
54
55** New charset implementation with many new charsets.
56See M-x list-character-sets. New charsets can be defined conveniently
57as tables of unicodes.
58
59The dimension of a charset is now 0, 1, 2, or 3, and the size of each
60dimension is no longer limited to 94 or 96.
61
62Generic characters no longer exist.
63
64A dynamic charset priority list is used to infer the charset of
65unicodes for display &c.
66
67** The following facilities are obsolete:
68
69Minor modes: unify-8859-on-encoding-mode, unify-8859-on-decoding-mode
70
71
72* Lisp changes in Emacs 23.1
73
74map-char-table's behaviour has changed.
75
76New functions: characterp, max-char, map-charset-chars,
77define-charset-alias, primary-charset, set-primary-charset,
78unify-charset, clear-charset-maps, charset-priority-list,
79set-charset-priority, define-coding-system,
80define-coding-system-alias, coding-system-aliases, langinfo,
81string-to-multibyte.
82
83Changed functions: copy-sequence, decode-char, encode-char,
84set-fontset-font, new-fontset, modify-syntax-entry, define-charset,
85modify-category-entry
86
87Obsoleted: char-bytes, chars-in-region, set-coding-priority,
88char-valid-p
89
90
91* Incompatible Lisp changes
92
93Deleted functions: make-coding-system, register-char-codings,
94coding-system-spec
95
96** The character codes for characters from the
97eight-bit-control/eight-bit-graphic charsets aren't now in the range
98128-255.
99 16
100* About external Lisp packages 17* About external Lisp packages
101 18
102When you upgrade to Emacs 22 from a previous version, some older
103versions of external Lisp packages are known to behave badly.
104So in general, it is recommended that you upgrade to the latest
105versions of any external Lisp packages that you are using.
106
107You should also be aware that many Lisp packages have been included
108with Emacs 22 (see the extensive list below), and you should remove
109any older versions of these packages to ensure that the Emacs 22
110version is used. You can use M-x list-load-path-shadows to find such
111older packages.
112
113Some specific packages that are known to cause problems are:
114
115** Semantic (used by CEDET, ECB, JDEE): upgrade to latest version.
116
117** cua.el, cua-mode.el: remove old versions.
118
119 19
120* Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1 20* Installation Changes in Emacs 23.1
121
122** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
123when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
124provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
125
126** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
127
128The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
129Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
130Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar to make it easily
131accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
132
133** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
134the distribution.
135
136This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
137together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
138item was added to the menu bar to make it easily accessible
139(Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
140
141** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
142You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
143Emacs with Leim.
144
145** Support for MacOS X was added.
146See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
147
148** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
149create a non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
150the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
151
152** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
153
154** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
155
156** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
157
158** Support for GNU/Linux systems on Tensilica Xtensa machines was added.
159
160** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
161
162** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
163following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
164with simplified and traditional characters), French, Russian, and
165Italian. Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language
166setup doesn't automatically select the right one.
167
168** New translations of the Emacs reference card are available in the
169Brasilian Portuguese and Russian. The corresponding PostScript files
170are also included.
171
172** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
173
174** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
175`--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
176installed programs.
177
178** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
179scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
180place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
181configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
182to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
183to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
184in each user's home directory.
185
186** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
187(Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
188the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
189setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
190
191** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
192
193** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
194
195** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
196See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
197
198** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
199These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
200runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
201found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
202Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
203into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
204Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
205
206** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
207
208** The `yow' program has been removed.
209Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
210
211** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
212The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
213terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
214
215** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
216contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
217Emacs crash.
218
219** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
220types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
221
222** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
223much pure storage it will approximately need.
224 21
225 22
226* Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1 23* Startup Changes in Emacs 23.1
227
228** Init file changes
229If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
230~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
231~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
232
233** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
234When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
235`--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
236whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
237screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
238
239** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
240arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
241disables the splash screen; see also the variable
242`inhibit-splash-screen' (which is also aliased as
243`inhibit-startup-message').
244
245** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
246When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
247displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
248
249** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
250the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
251
252** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
253It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
254can start with this line:
255
256 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
257
258** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
259now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
260an interactively callable function.
261
262** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
263Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
264appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
265
266 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
267
268Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
269in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
270
271** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
272all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
273affects the initial frame.
274
275** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
276with respect to its frame position: if you don't specify a position
277(in your .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry
278command-line option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows'
279window manager.
280
281** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
282--no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
283
284** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
285Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
286
287** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
288automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
289modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
290can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
291according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
292
293** New command line option -Q or --quick.
294This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
295the fancy startup screen.
296
297** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
298Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
299the blinking cursor.
300
301** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon.
302The command-line options --icon-type, -i have been replaced with
303options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn the bitmap icon off.
304
305** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
306to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
307concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
308 24
309 25
310* Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1 26* Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 23.1
311
312** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
313
314See below for more details.
315
316** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
317(beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
318you about it.
319
320** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
321This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
322need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
323keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
324"New keymaps for typing file names".
325
326** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
327to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
328it remains unchanged.
329
330** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
331
332See below under "incremental search changes".
333
334** M-g is now a prefix key.
335M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
336M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
337M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
338
339** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
340and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
341
342When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
343point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
344
345** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
346M-o M-o requests refontification.
347
348** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
349a special case.
350
351Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
352of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
353directory with Dired.
354
355You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
356the actual file name into the minibuffer.
357
358** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
359control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
360by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
361too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
362doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
363special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
364
365** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
366previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
367C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
368to set the mark immediately after a jump.
369
370** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
371have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
372
373** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
374in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
375
376** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
377
378** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
379It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
380
381** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
382since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
383the operating system or your X server.
384
385** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19)
386have been removed:
387 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC)
388 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j)
389 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s)
390 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i)
391 27
392 28
393* Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1 29* Editing Changes in Emacs 23.1
394
395** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
396On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
397
398** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
399cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
400crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
401killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
402not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
403a new Emacs.
404
405** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
406
407** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
408be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
409`yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
410of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
411
412** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
413By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
414
415** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
416converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
417
418** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
419(previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
420C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
421cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
422
423** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
424but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
425analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
426
427** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
428understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
429`same-window'.
430
431** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
432`insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
433
434** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
435
436Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
437now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
438in the value, use `$$'.
439
440** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
441been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
442in Paragraph-Indent Text mode.
443
444** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
445from the locale.
446
447** Help command changes:
448
449*** Changes in C-h bindings:
450
451C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
452
453C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
454
455C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
456
457C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
458 that do not change:
459
460C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
461C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
462
463The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
464have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
465
466C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
467- C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
468 run by the key sequence.
469- C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
470 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
471 that command.
472
473For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
474to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
475- C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
476 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
477- C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
478 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
479- C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
480 new-kill-line is on C-k
481
482*** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
483When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
484be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
485available.
486
487*** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
488to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
489number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
490regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
491match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
492matching item.
493
494*** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
495arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
496default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
497`help-default-arg-highlight'.
498
499*** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
500variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
501
502*** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
503preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
504hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
505preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
506hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
507enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
508anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
509addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
510enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
511
512*** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
513description various information about a character, including its
514encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
515widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
516clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
517
518*** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
519C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
520
521*** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
522in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
523same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
524`help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
525keyboard oriented alternative.
526
527*** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
528automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
529point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
530determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
531to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
532
533** Mark command changes:
534
535*** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
536previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
537mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
538
539*** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
540
541If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
542(mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
543extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
544M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
545mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
546region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
547the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
548in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
549or set the new mark with C-SPC.
550
551*** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
552mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
553region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
554want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
555ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
556command only.
557
558One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
559and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
560This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
561mark or the region.
562
563After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
564deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
565that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
566C-g.
567
568*** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
569`beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
570is already active in Transient Mark mode.
571
572*** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
573
574With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
575if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
576paragraphs.
577
578** Incremental Search changes:
579
580*** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
581`query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
582search string used as the string to replace.
583
584*** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
585making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
586command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
587bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
588
589*** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
590at the end of a line.
591
592*** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
593Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
594and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
595
596*** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
597To enable this feature, customize the new user option
598`isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
599constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
600for details.
601
602*** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
603history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
604user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
605
606** Replace command changes:
607
608*** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
609`replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
610where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
611time. `\#' in a replacement string now refers to the count of
612replacements already made by the replacement command. All regular
613expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the replacement
614string to specify a position where the replacement string can be
615edited for each replacement. `query-replace-regexp-eval' is now
616deprecated since it offers no additional functionality.
617
618*** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
619`query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
620
621*** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
622`query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
623
624*** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
625`query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
626a match if part of it has a read-only property.
627
628** Local variables lists:
629
630*** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
631are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
632the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
633was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
634definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
635
636At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
637variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
638option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
639Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
640`safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
641However, risky variables will not be added to
642`safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
643
644*** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
645lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
646behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
647:all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
648nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
649
650*** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
651are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
652specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
653such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
654needed.
655
656*** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
657that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
658appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
659is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
660ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
661with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
662
663If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
664confirmation as before.
665
666*** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
667suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
668
669*** Text properties in local variables.
670
671A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
672properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
673
674** File operation changes:
675
676*** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
677the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
678Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
679is only rarely needed.
680
681*** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
682
683Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
684of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
685directory with Dired.
686
687*** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
688against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
689
690*** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
691
692*** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
693Emacs asks for confirmation.
694
695*** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
696add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
697convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
698the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
699commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
700/tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
701
702*** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
703
704`visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
705when visiting the file.
706
707`visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
708needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
709when saving the file.
710
711*** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
712major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
713designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
714sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
715So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
716modes do.
717
718*** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
719read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
720want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
721file.)
722
723*** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
724when the file name contains wildcard characters.
725
726*** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
727when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
728wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
729
730*** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
731before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
732supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
733
734*** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
735controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
736attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
737
738*** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
739in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
740the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
741in data loss, use with care.
742
743** Minibuffer changes:
744
745*** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
746to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
747it remains unchanged.
748
749*** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
750entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
751
752*** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
753Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
754variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
755prompt string.
756
757*** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
758
759Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
760have in common and where they begin to differ.
761
762The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
763`completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
764same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
765`completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
766`completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
767`completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
768parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
769parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
770
771Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
772triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
773listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
774the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
775its second argument.
776
777*** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
778If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
779slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
780completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
781which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
782candidate is a directory.
783
784*** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
785If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
786elements are deleted from the history list.
787
788** Redisplay changes:
789
790*** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
791of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
792the mode line of the currently selected window.
793
794The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
795the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
796
797*** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
798When the file is maintained under version control, that information
799appears between the position information and the major mode.
800
801*** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
802for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
803top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
804control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
805set-fringe-style.
806
807*** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
808addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
809the window can be scrolled.
810
811This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
812`indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
813this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
814
815If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
816displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
817
818The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
819position of each bitmap individually.
820
821For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
822in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
823arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
824left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
825
826*** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
827(not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
828two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
829Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
830cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
831
832The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
833revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
834
835*** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
836in addition to the individual display margin settings.
837
838Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
839horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
840or when the frame is resized.
841
842*** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
843displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
844outside those margins.
845
846*** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
847
848*** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
849face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
850specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
851
852*** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
853The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
854the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
855will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
856
857The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
858hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
859window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
860window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
861many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
862gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
863
864The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
865`auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
866
867*** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
868the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
869vscroll property.
870
871*** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
872
873To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
874the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
875redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
876the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
877
878*** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
879Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
880systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
881even cause Emacs to crash.
882
883*** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
884will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
885the tool bar, you must type C-l.
886
887*** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
888overline and text.
889
890*** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
891position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
892`x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
893
894** New faces:
895
896*** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
897elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
898areas.
899
900*** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
901parts of the mode line.
902
903*** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
904the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
905This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
906black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
907allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
908so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
909
910*** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
911
912** Font-Lock (syntax highlighting) changes:
913
914*** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
915fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
916modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
917
918The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
919fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
920`Info-mode-hook'.
921
922*** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
923
924*** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
925
926*** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
927You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
928the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
929cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
930
931*** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
932features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
933any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
934bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
935can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
936the open-paren is not in column 0.
937
938*** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
939M-o M-o requests refontification.
940
941*** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
942The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now nil
943instead of 3. This setting of jit-lock-stealth-time disables stealth
944fontification: on today's machines, it may be a bug in font lock
945patterns if fontification otherwise noticeably degrades interactivity.
946If you find movement in infrequently visited buffers sluggish (and the
947major mode maintainer has no better idea), customizing
948jit-lock-stealth-time to a non-nil value will let Emacs fontify
949buffers in the background when it considers the system to be idle.
950jit-lock-stealth-nice is now 0.5 instead of 0.125 which is supposed to
951cause less load than the old defaults.
952
953*** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
954
955If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
956idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
957example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
958only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
959
960*** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
961
962jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
963jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
964refontification takes place.
965
966*** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
967
968The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
969obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
970using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
971 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
972
973If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
974`font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
975 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
976
977** Menu support:
978
979*** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
980This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
981as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
982You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
983it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
984current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
985
986*** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
987
988*** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
989and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
990to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
991
992*** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/LessTif can be
993disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
994
995*** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
996be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
997
998*** The menu bar for Motif/LessTif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
999Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1000the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1001
1002*** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1003to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1004`-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1005
1006*** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and LessTif/Motif now pop down on pressing
1007ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1008
1009*** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1010by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1011the new dialog.
1012
1013*** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1014
1015** Buffer Menu changes:
1016
1017*** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1018`buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1019in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1020
1021`buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1022leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1023If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1024shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1025and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1026
1027`buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1028the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1029t, and the status is shown.
1030
1031Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1032the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1033
1034*** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1035buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1036mode.
1037
1038*** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1039with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1040whose names begin with space are omitted.
1041
1042** Mouse changes:
1043
1044*** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1045
1046Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1047click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1048click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1049inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1050to match this context-sensitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1051behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1052
1053Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1054more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1055activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1056(see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1057packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1058this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1059is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1060happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1061on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1062
1063If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1064just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1065click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1066you release it).
1067
1068Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1069drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1070
1071You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1072`mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1073
1074*** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1075value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1076one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1077can be selected only when it is active.
1078
1079*** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1080select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1081normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1082the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1083window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1084to give it focus.
1085
1086*** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1087is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1088can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1089mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1090also disable mouse highlighting.
1091
1092*** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1093shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1094variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1095
1096*** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1097
1098*** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1099
1100People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1101unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1102ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1103mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1104
1105*** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1106(rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1107
1108** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1109
1110*** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1111construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1112-*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1113various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1114specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1115shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1116character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1117construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1118following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1119without any character translation:
1120;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1121
1122*** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1123more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1124name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1125This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1126default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1127
1128*** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1129current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1130can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1131characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1132emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1133keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1134or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1135by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1136
1137*** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1138coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1139(Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1140command.
1141
1142*** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1143revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1144
1145*** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1146coding system.
1147
1148*** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1149of a file.
1150
1151*** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1152unicode.
1153
1154*** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1155in the current input method to input a character at point.
1156
1157*** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1158Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1159the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1160Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1161sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1162translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1163mule-unicode-... ones.
1164
1165By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1166Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1167with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1168possible.
1169
1170You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1171unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1172into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1173mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1174will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1175
1176*** New language environments (set up automatically according to the
1177locale): Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, Esperanto,
1178French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam,
1179Russian, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8,Ukrainian,
1180Welsh,Latin-6, Windows-1255.
1181
1182*** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1183belarusian, bulgarian-bds, bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng (for
1184Chinese Pinyin characters), croatian, dutch, georgian, latvian-keyboard,
1185lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345,
1186russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ukrainian-computer,
1187ucs, vietnamese-telex, welsh.
1188
1189*** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1190either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1191when possible. The latter are more space-efficient.
1192 This is controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1193
1194*** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1195automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1196environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1197versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1198 M-f (forward-word)
1199 M-b (backward-word)
1200 M-d (kill-word)
1201 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1202 M-t (transpose-words)
1203 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1204
1205*** Indian support has been updated.
1206The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1207assumed. There is a framework for supporting various Indian scripts,
1208but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are supported.
1209
1210*** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1211By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1212single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1213turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1214sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1215system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1216interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1217You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1218`ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1219coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1220one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1221The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1222
1223*** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1224
1225*** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1226in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1227Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1228
1229*** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1230These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1231on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1232only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1233`code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1234
1235*** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1236Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1237
1238*** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1239characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1240fontset appropriately.
1241
1242** Customize changes:
1243
1244*** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1245custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1246load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1247enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1248
1249*** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1250now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1251specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1252faces.
1253
1254*** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1255In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1256check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1257for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1258sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1259its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1260case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1261
1262*** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1263the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1264You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1265under the "[State]" button.
1266
1267** Dired mode:
1268
1269*** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1270control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1271by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1272too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1273double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1274special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1275
1276*** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1277This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1278
1279*** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1280dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1281introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1282
1283*** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1284with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1285
1286*** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1287of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1288
1289*** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1290into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1291
1292*** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1293
1294The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1295dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1296dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1297instead.
1298
1299*** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1300have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1301directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1302directory listing into a buffer.
1303
1304** Comint changes:
1305
1306*** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in subshells
1307running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment variable,
1308which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs that need
1309to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check INSIDE_EMACS
1310instead of EMACS.
1311
1312*** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1313option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1314except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1315controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1316overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1317
1318The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1319support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1320
1321`comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1322read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1323lines, including any prompts.
1324
1325`comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1326read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1327part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1328and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1329not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1330`kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1331to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1332
1333*** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1334modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1335like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1336otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1337
1338*** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1339`comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1340but declared obsolete.
1341
1342** M-x Compile changes:
1343
1344*** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1345
1346Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1347recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1348red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1349(controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1350
1351Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1352This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1353This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1354
1355The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1356you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1357leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1358`compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1359that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1360
1361The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1362
1363*** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1364This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1365compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1366subprocesses inherit.
1367
1368*** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1369If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1370
1371*** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1372specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1373in new face `next-error'.
1374
1375*** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1376compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1377modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1378buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1379matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1380C-c C-f.
1381
1382*** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1383the compilation buffer.
1384
1385*** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1386context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1387it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1388no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1389of the window.
1390
1391** Occur mode changes:
1392
1393*** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1394search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1395`multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1396buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1397Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1398changes.
1399
1400*** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1401the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1402
1403*** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1404C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1405switching to it.
1406
1407** Grep changes:
1408
1409*** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1410
1411There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1412customization group.
1413
1414*** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1415people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1416
1417*** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1418more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1419separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1420and the base directory for the search. Case sensitivity of the
1421search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1422
1423These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1424`grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1425
1426The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1427
1428Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1429typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1430are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1431
1432*** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1433
1434Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1435can be saved and automatically revisited.
1436
1437*** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1438buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1439--color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1440match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1441buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1442source line is highlighted.
1443
1444*** New key bindings in grep output window:
1445SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1446previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1447the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1448other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1449previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1450file.
1451
1452*** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1453by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1454detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1455When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1456unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1457command lines to be used than was possible before.
1458
1459*** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1460the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1461
1462** Cursor display changes:
1463
1464*** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
1465The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
1466default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
1467cursor does.
1468
1469*** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
1470of the recognized cursor types.
1471
1472*** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
1473of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
1474appears in.
1475
1476*** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
1477uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
1478
1479*** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
1480
1481*** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
1482now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
1483
1484** X Windows Support:
1485
1486*** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1487opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1488buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1489 30
1490*** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1491The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1492and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1493use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1494Meta and Alt:
1495 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1496 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1497
1498*** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1499speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1500
1501If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1502XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1503
1504*** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1505requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1506Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1507and use the more appropriately result.
1508
1509*** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1510On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1511amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1512
1513** Xterm support:
1514
1515*** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1516on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1517
1518*** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1519When Emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1520The following should work:
1521{C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1522These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8 (and later versions),
1523they might not work on some older versions of xterm, or on some
1524proprietary versions.
1525The various keys generated by xterm when the "modifyOtherKeys"
1526resource is set are also supported.
1527
1528** Character terminal color support changes:
1529
1530*** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1531mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1532terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1533database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1534set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1535terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1536when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1537in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1538user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1539
1540*** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1541than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1542256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1543the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1544all of these colors.
1545
1546*** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1547faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1548256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
154988-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1550colors as on X.
1551
1552*** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1553
1554** ebnf2ps changes:
1555
1556*** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
1557shape drawing.
1558The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
1559overlap. It depends on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
1560
1561*** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
1562Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
1563Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
1564 31
1565* New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1 32* New Modes and Packages in Emacs 23.1
1566
1567** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1568
1569The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1570cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1571With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1572keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1573region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1574cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1575
1576The cua-selection-mode enables the CUA keybindings for the region but
1577does not change the bindings for C-z/C-x/C-c/C-v. It can be used as a
1578replacement for pc-selection-mode.
1579
1580In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1581rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1582using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1583or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1584
1585Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1586fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1587downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1588rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1589as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1590M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1591rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1592
1593Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1594prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1595C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1596
1597The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1598register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1599
1600Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1601When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1602automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1603commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1604
1605The features of cua also works with the standard Emacs bindings for
1606kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1607want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1608`cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1609
1610Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1611versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1612must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1613loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1614
1615** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1616
1617This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1618files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1619Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1620for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1621the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1622`inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1623connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1624(which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1625`rsync' to do the copying).
1626
1627Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1628`su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1629
1630If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1631
1632 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1633
1634Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
1635tramp-unload-tramp.
1636
1637** The image-dired.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in
1638other ways manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as
1639the main interface. Image-Dired provides functionality to generate
1640simple image galleries.
1641
1642** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1643between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1644
1645** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
1646
1647** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
1648
1649** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1650
1651Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1652Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1653can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1654Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1655manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1656`etc/calccard.ps'.
1657
1658** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1659
1660Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1661doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1662It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1663capabilities.
1664
1665The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1666activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1667
1668The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1669type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1670available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1671
1672** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1673
1674ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1675
1676To see what modules are available, type
1677M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1678
1679To start an IRC session with ERC, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts
1680for server, port, and nick.
1681 33
1682** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1683
1684Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1685simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1686takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1687several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1688(one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1689separate buffers.
1690
1691To start an IRC session using the default parameters, type M-x irc.
1692If you type C-u M-x irc, it prompts you for the server, nick, port and
1693startup channel parameters before connecting.
1694
1695** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1696customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1697
1698** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1699
1700Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1701sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1702corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1703separate manual.
1704
1705** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1706buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1707
1708** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1709
1710The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1711package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1712to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1713a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1714
1715** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1716filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1717that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1718Emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1719invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1720be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1721
1722** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1723kmacro package.
1724
1725Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1726F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1727the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1728which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1729
1730There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1731defined macros.
1732
1733The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1734defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1735C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1736manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1737C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1738for more commands.
1739
1740The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1741available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1742
1743The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1744before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1745
1746In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1747be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1748this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1749kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1750
1751Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1752C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1753at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1754
1755** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1756the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1757keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1758+, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1759package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1760
1761By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1762`keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1763using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1764the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1765possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1766the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1767
1768The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1769`Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1770`Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1771decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1772`Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1773for Emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1774where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1775`Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1776are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1777or local keymaps.
1778
1779** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1780
1781If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1782the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1783with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1784ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1785printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1786`ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1787
1788** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1789files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1790mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1791which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1792copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1793mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1794referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1795similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1796feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1797
1798** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1799spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1800letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1801viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1802
1803** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1804`text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1805these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1806table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1807can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1808as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1809
1810** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1811various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1812program files that include other program files.
1813
1814Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1815all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1816in them.
1817
1818** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1819move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1820It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1821of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1822
1823There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1824
1825** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1826When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1827restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1828
1829** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1830source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1831
1832** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1833To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1834
1835** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1836"active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1837change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1838settings.
1839
1840** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
1841events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
1842for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
1843
1844** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
1845for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
1846paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
1847instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
1848boundaries during scrolling.
1849
1850** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1851shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1852
1853** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
1854varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
1855var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
1856section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
1857.config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
1858recognized.
1859
1860** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
1861
1862** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1863It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1864
1865** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
1866configuration files.
1867
1868** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
1869This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
1870 34
1871* Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1: 35* Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 23.1
1872
1873** Changes in Dired
1874
1875*** Bindings for Image-Dired added.
1876Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
1877added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Image-Dired. As a
1878starting point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d
1879to display thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
1880
1881** Info mode changes
1882
1883*** Images in Info pages are supported.
1884
1885Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
1886Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
1887version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
1888
1889*** `Info-index' offers completion.
1890
1891*** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
1892references and following them calls `browse-url'.
1893
1894*** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
1895
1896Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
1897message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
1898other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
1899around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
1900`Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
1901or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
1902Info node.
1903
1904*** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
1905`Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
1906search without prompting for a new search string.
1907
1908*** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
1909Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
1910possible matches.
1911
1912*** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
1913moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
1914`Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
1915
1916*** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
1917
1918*** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
1919from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
1920
1921*** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
1922the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
1923arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
1924
1925*** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
1926and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
1927
1928*** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
1929with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
1930
1931*** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
1932
1933If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
1934`Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
1935
1936*** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
1937
1938** Emacs server changes
1939
1940*** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
1941
1942 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
1943 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
1944 % emacsclient -s foo file1
1945 % emacsclient -s bar file2
1946
1947*** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
1948`--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
1949expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
1950
1951*** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
1952
1953** Locate changes
1954
1955*** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
1956`locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
1957database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
1958you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
1959`locate-update-when-revert' to t.
1960
1961** Desktop package
1962
1963*** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
1964
1965*** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
1966
1967Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
1968
1969*** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
1970buffer list.
1971
1972*** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
1973immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
1974idle).
1975
1976*** New command line option --no-desktop
1977
1978*** New commands:
1979 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
1980 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
1981 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
1982 it was loaded.
1983 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
1984 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
1985
1986*** New customizable variables:
1987 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
1988 killed.
1989 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
1990 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
1991 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
1992 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
1993 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
1994 should not delete.
1995 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
1996 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
1997 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
1998 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
1999
2000*** New hooks:
2001 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
2002 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
2003
2004** Recentf changes
2005
2006The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2007enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2008automatic cleanup.
2009
2010The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2011keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2012the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2013
2014The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
2015and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
2016keep in the recent list.
2017
2018With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
2019specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
2020example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
2021same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
2022links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
2023
2024To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
2025replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
2026old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
2027
2028** Auto-Revert changes
2029
2030*** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2031
2032If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2033mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2034displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
2035the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
2036just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
2037rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
2038be mode dependent.
2039
2040If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2041then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2042mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2043toggles this mode.
2044
2045*** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2046other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2047revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2048and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2049mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2050`revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2051decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2052that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2053work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2054
2055*** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2056Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2057control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2058which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2059only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2060
2061** Changes in Shell Mode
2062
2063*** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
2064bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
2065is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
2066
2067** Changes in Hi Lock
2068
2069*** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2070`global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2071hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2072warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2073if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2074using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2075buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2076behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2077
2078** Changes in Allout
2079
2080*** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2081decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2082clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2083and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2084symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2085pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2086powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2087allout-encryption customization group.
2088
2089*** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2090avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2091`allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2092
2093*** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2094Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2095asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2096or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2097interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2098
2099*** Many or most commonly occurring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2100Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2101for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2102offspring) is only one level deeper.
2103
2104For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2105topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2106pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2107
2108The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2109
2110This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2111reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2112outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2113prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2114
2115*** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2116topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2117other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2118discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2119leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2120
2121*** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2122end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2123beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2124customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2125`allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2126
2127*** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2128cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2129itself.
2130
2131See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2132`allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2133
2134`allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2135`allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2136invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2137`allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2138the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2139to use than the old version.
2140
2141There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2142coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2143activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2144variable is changed, rather than before.
2145
2146*** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2147instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2148avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2149handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2150
2151*** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2152
2153 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2154 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2155 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2156 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2157 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2158 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2159 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2160 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2161 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2162 the functionality in allout addons.
2163 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2164 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2165 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2166 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2167 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2168 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2169 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2170 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2171 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2172 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2173 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2174 - version number incremented to 2.2
2175
2176** Hideshow mode changes
2177
2178*** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
2179used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
2180handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
2181temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
2182
2183*** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
2184not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
2185block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
2186
2187** FFAP changes
2188
2189*** New ffap commands and keybindings:
2190
2191C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
2192C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
2193C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
2194C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
2195
2196*** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
2197
2198C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
2199argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
2200
2201** Changes in Skeleton
2202
2203*** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
2204
2205`@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
2206sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
2207`skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
2208updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
2209with other details of skeleton construction.
2210
2211*** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
2212`skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
2213`skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
2214`skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
2215as aliases.
2216
2217** HTML/SGML changes
2218
2219*** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2220automatically.
2221
2222*** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2223The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2224When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2225i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2226By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2227from the file name or buffer contents.
2228
2229*** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2230`sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2231alias.
2232
2233*** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2234
2235** TeX modes
2236
2237*** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2238
2239*** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2240
2241*** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2242by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2243command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2244TeX commands to use at startup.
2245
2246*** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2247and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2248
2249** RefTeX mode changes
2250
2251*** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2252
2253The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2254section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2255support for multifile documents.
2256
2257The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2258section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2259Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2260`reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2261buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2262frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2263highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2264with the `d' key.
2265
2266The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2267See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2268
2269Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2270key `M-%'.
2271
2272The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2273location.
2274
2275*** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2276
2277Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2278called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2279`reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2280
2281The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2282with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2283"E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2284citation selection buffer.
2285
2286The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2287cursor as a default search string.
2288
2289The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2290now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2291
2292The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2293can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2294
2295Support for jurabib has been added.
2296
2297*** Global index matched may be verified with a user function.
2298
2299During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2300See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2301
2302*** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2303
2304Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2305considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2306from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2307`reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2308this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2309quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2310
2311*** Miscellaneous changes
2312
2313The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2314configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2315
2316RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2317
2318** BibTeX mode
2319
2320*** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2321point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2322
2323*** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2324an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2325present.
2326
2327*** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2328
2329*** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2330`crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2331for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2332scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2333automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2334`bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2335
2336*** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2337point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2338
2339*** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2340individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2341
2342*** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2343types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2344
2345*** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2346locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2347Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2348
2349*** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2350of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2351
2352*** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2353in multiple BibTeX files.
2354
2355*** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2356automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2357
2358*** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2359of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2360
2361*** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2362use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2363
2364*** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2365bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2366extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2367
2368*** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2369`bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2370`bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2371`bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2372still available as aliases.
2373
2374** GUD changes
2375
2376*** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2377GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2378there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2379state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2380that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2381Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2382breakpoints.
2383
2384To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2385old behaviour.
2386
2387*** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2388and other common debugger commands.
2389
2390*** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2391counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2392
2393*** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2394toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2395`gud-tooltip-mode'.
2396
2397*** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2398display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2399not executing.
2400
2401*** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2402
2403**** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2404Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2405There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2406directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2407`gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2408
2409**** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2410preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2411Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2412
2413**** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2414set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2415traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2416(gud-finish).
2417
2418**** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2419(Java 1.1 jdb).
2420
2421*** Added jdb Customization Variables
2422
2423**** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2424
2425**** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2426method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2427java sources (previous method).
2428
2429**** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2430classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2431is nil).
2432
2433*** Minor Improvements
2434
2435**** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2436instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2437compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2438`starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2439`starttls' tool).
2440
2441**** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2442
2443** Lisp mode changes
2444
2445*** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2446
2447*** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2448
2449*** New features in evaluation commands
2450
2451**** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2452the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2453
2454**** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2455in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2456by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2457function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2458`eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2459
2460** Changes to cmuscheme
2461
2462*** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2463evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2464
2465*** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
2466is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
2467to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2468
2469*** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2470procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2471(`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2472subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2473`scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2474
2475** Ewoc changes
2476
2477*** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
2478
2479*** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
2480a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
2481This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
2482effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
2483anything for those nodes.
2484
2485For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
2486
2487;; NOSEP nil
2488(defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
2489(ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
2490
2491;; NOSEP t
2492(defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
2493(ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
2494
2495** CC mode changes
2496
2497*** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2498The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2499and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2500
2501*** New Minor Modes
2502**** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2503The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2504mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2505users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2506disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2507'l', e.g. "C/al".
2508
2509**** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2510letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2511also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2512
2513*** Support for the AWK language.
2514Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2515based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2516any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2517Here is a summary:
2518
2519**** Indentation Engine
2520The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2521
2522AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2523which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2524placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2525are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2526definition, or structured statement.
2527
2528The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2529mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2530be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2531
2532**** Font Locking
2533There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2534three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2535idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2536the AWK language itself.
2537
2538**** Comment and Movement Commands
2539These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2540been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2541"defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2542extended definition.
2543
2544**** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2545A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2546style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2547c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2548
2549*** Font lock support.
2550CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2551supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2552package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2553locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2554AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2555different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2556
2557The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2558dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2559strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2560declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2561lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2562the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2563demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2564therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2565variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2566
2567Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2568fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2569the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2570with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2571minute.
2572
2573**** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2574are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2575be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2576locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2577properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2578not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2579
2580**** Support for documentation comments.
2581There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2582Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2583language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2584buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2585
2586Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2587Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2588last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2589complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2590of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2591
2592**** Better handling of C++ templates.
2593As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2594now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2595given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2596parens.
2597
2598This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2599work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2600template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2601recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2602not as configurable as it ought to be.
2603
2604**** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2605Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2606The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2607All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2608handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2609
2610*** Changes in Key Sequences
2611**** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2612
2613**** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2614This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2615
2616**** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2617c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2618
2619**** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2620have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2621C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2622commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2623key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2624
2625**** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2626
2627**** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2628
2629*** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2630position(s).
2631
2632*** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2633The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2634now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2635module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2636composition-close, and incomposition.
2637
2638*** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2639The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2640provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2641bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2642of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2643
2644*** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2645
2646The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2647implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2648list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2649includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2650
2651Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2652based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2653
2654*** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2655
2656The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2657and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2658attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2659cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2660
2661((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2662
2663is now analyzed as
2664
2665((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2666
2667In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2668symbol.
2669
2670This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2671directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2672`c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2673functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2674cdr.
2675
2676*** API changes for derived modes.
2677
2678There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2679derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2680incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2681care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2682Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2683
2684**** New language variable system.
2685These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2686languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2687
2688**** New initialization functions.
2689The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2690give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2691`c-init-language-vars'.
2692
2693*** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2694The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2695several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2696now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2697
2698This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2699although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2700gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2701where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2702it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2703
2704**** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2705This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2706its substatement. E.g:
2707
2708 if (x)
2709 x_is_true:
2710 do_stuff();
2711
2712*** Better handling of multiline macros.
2713
2714**** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2715The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2716syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2717variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2718`cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2719inside `#define's.
2720
2721**** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2722
2723Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2724of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2725is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2726removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2727much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2728empty lines within the macro better.
2729
2730**** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2731This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2732`c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2733
2734**** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2735`c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2736variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2737backslashes can be moved.
2738
2739**** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2740This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2741affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2742inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2743
2744**** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2745Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2746inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2747line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2748indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2749backslash) in the macro.
2750
2751*** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2752The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2753the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2754based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2755#else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2756cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2757
2758*** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2759It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2760
2761*** New clean-ups
2762
2763**** `comment-close-slash'.
2764With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2765typing a slash at the start of a line.
2766
2767**** `c-one-liner-defun'
2768This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2769pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2770
2771*** New lineup functions
2772
2773**** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2774This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2775continues. E.g:
2776
2777result = prefix + "A message "
2778 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2779
2780**** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2781Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2782
2783**** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2784Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2785the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2786
2787**** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2788Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2789
2790**** `c-lineup-argcont'
2791Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2792
2793*** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2794The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2795syntactic indentation.
2796
2797*** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2798CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2799of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2800places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2801improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2802moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2803
2804The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2805opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2806only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2807file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2808context.
2809
2810*** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2811Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2812"invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2813happen when macros are involved.
2814
2815*** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2816It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2817whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2818point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2819Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2820line is left untouched.
2821
2822** Changes in Makefile mode
2823
2824*** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2825
2826The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2827are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2828faces.
2829
2830*** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2831to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2832available as alias.
2833
2834** Sql changes
2835
2836*** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
2837SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
2838buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
2839session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
2840SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
2841
2842The following values are supported:
2843
2844 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
2845 db2 DB2
2846 informix Informix
2847 ingres Ingres
2848 interbase Interbase
2849 linter Linter
2850 ms Microsoft
2851 mysql MySQL
2852 oracle Oracle
2853 postgres Postgres
2854 solid Solid
2855 sqlite SQLite
2856 sybase Sybase
2857
2858The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
2859SQL mode indicator.
2860
2861The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
2862your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
2863`sql-product' to accomplish this.
2864
2865ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
2866
2867*** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
2868font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
2869all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
2870you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
2871
2872 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
2873 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
2874
2875*** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
2876
2877Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
2878highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
2879
2880*** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
2881
2882Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
2883sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
2884osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
2885are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
2886terminated.
2887
2888If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
2889called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
2890credentials to authenticate the user.
2891
2892*** Postgres support is enhanced.
2893Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
2894the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
2895
2896*** MySQL support is enhanced.
2897Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
2898
2899*** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
2900packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
2901defaults.
2902
2903*** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
2904appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
2905`sql-product'.
2906
2907*** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
2908
2909** Fortran mode changes
2910
2911*** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2912It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2913majority.
2914
2915*** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2916`f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2917`f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2918`fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2919
2920*** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2921highlighting for the old default.
2922
2923*** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2924Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2925Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2926
2927*** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2928the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2929
2930** Miscellaneous programming mode changes
2931
2932*** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2933preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2934
2935*** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2936
2937*** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2938to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2939bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2940C-c C-i b, and so on.
2941
2942*** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2943to support use of font-lock.
2944
2945** VC Changes
2946
2947*** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
2948
2949*** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
2950are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
2951
2952These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
2953are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
2954specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
2955
2956*** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
2957(toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
2958
2959We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
2960were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
2961behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
2962`.emacs' file:
2963
2964 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
2965
2966The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
2967
2968*** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
2969
2970In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
2971enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
2972to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
2973
2974 P: annotates the previous revision
2975 N: annotates the next revision
2976 J: annotates the revision at line
2977 A: annotates the revision previous to line
2978 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
2979 L: shows the log of the revision at line
2980 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
2981
2982** pcl-cvs changes
2983
2984*** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
2985between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
2986in the repository.
2987
2988*** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
2989anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
2990`checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
2991-rBASE -rHEAD.
2992
2993** Diff changes
2994
2995*** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2996
2997*** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2998
2999These are the new bindings:
3000
3001C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
3002C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
3003C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
3004C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
3005C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
3006
3007To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
3008In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
3009in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
3010
3011** EDiff changes.
3012
3013*** When comparing directories.
3014Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3015directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3016from one directory to another.
3017
3018*** When comparing files or buffers.
3019Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3020currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3021then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3022comparison.
3023
3024*** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3025backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3026`ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3027
3028** Etags changes.
3029
3030*** New regular expressions features
3031
3032**** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3033
3034The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3035only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3036--regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3037where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3038more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3039(single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3040expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3041(which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3042span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3043and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3044
3045**** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3046
3047The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3048respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3049CR, TAB, VT.
3050
3051**** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3052
3053The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3054only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3055particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3056
3057**** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3058
3059The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3060per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3061
3062*** New language parsing features
3063
3064**** New language HTML.
3065
3066Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3067when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3068
3069**** New language PHP.
3070
3071Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3072specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3073
3074**** New language Lua.
3075
3076All functions are tagged.
3077
3078**** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3079
3080Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3081
3082**** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3083
3084**** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3085
3086**** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3087
3088If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3089size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3090
3091**** In Perl, packages are tags.
3092
3093Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3094as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3095package::sub.
3096
3097**** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3098
3099**** New default keywords for TeX.
3100
3101The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3102renewenvironment.
3103
3104*** Honor #line directives.
3105
3106When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3107directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3108specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3109created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3110writes tags pointing to the source file.
3111
3112*** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3113
3114This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3115be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3116reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3117the file FILE.
3118
3119*** The --members option is now the default.
3120
3121Use --no-members if you want the old default behaviour of not tagging
3122struct members in C, members variables in C++ and variables in PHP.
3123
3124** Ctags changes.
3125
3126*** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
3127
3128** Rmail changes
3129
3130*** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3131
3132This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3133mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3134without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3135and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3136used instead of the native one.
3137
3138*** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3139by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3140Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3141
3142*** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3143
3144** Gnus package
3145
3146*** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3147
3148Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3149PGP/MIME.
3150
3151*** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3152
3153See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3154
3155** MH-E changes.
3156
3157Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3158version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3159
3160** Miscellaneous mail changes
3161
3162*** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3163`default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3164auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3165
3166*** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3167
3168See the documentation of the user option `display-time-mail-directory'.
3169
3170** Calendar changes
3171
3172*** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3173convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3174
3175*** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3176diary entries.
3177
3178*** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3179and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3180from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3181`diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3182formats.
3183
3184*** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3185use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3186`appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3187`appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3188
3189*** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3190This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3191and `diary-header-line-format'.
3192
3193*** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3194Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3195`diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3196which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3197how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3198single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3199day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3200face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3201appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3202
3203*** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
3204< means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
3205
3206*** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3207the calendar left or right.
3208
3209*** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3210year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3211count backward from the end of the year.
3212
3213*** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3214prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3215day of that ISO week.
3216
3217*** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3218optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3219rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3220`christian-holidays' simpler.
3221
3222*** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3223window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3224
3225** Speedbar changes
3226
3227*** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3228the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3229
3230*** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3231contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3232
3233*** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3234
3235*** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3236`speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3237respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3238its descendents.
3239
3240*** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3241means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3242
3243*** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3244how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3245means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3246to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3247deletion.
3248
3249*** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3250to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3251value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3252speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3253that number to `other-frame'.
3254
3255*** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3256keymap.
3257
3258*** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3259`dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3260should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3261`speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3262`dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3263`dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3264`speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3265`speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3266obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3267
3268** battery.el changes
3269
3270*** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3271
3272*** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3273
3274** Games
3275
3276*** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3277
3278`mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3279default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3280automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3281
3282** Obsolete and deleted packages
3283
3284*** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3285
3286*** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3287
3288*** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3289
3290*** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3291
3292** Miscellaneous
3293
3294*** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' is renamed
3295to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
3296variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
3297automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
3298at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
3299
3300*** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
3301filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
3302functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
3303
3304Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
3305`fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
3306`fill-nobreak-predicate'.
3307
3308*** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
3309with special modes such as Tar mode.
3310
3311*** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
3312
3313*** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3314
3315When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3316include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3317Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3318to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3319and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3320feature.
3321
3322*** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
3323bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
3324incompatible change.
3325
3326*** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3327and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3328you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3329annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3330
3331*** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3332
3333Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3334`ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3335fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3336
3337*** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3338This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3339the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3340using strokes as an input method.
3341
3342*** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
3343of the file that precede the first header line.
3344
3345*** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3346to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3347changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3348
3349*** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
3350renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
3351available as alias.
3352
3353*** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
3354by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
3355and `C-c C-r'.
3356
3357*** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3358
3359*** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3360
3361M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3362argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3363the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3364
3365*** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3366`file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3367
3368*** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
3369
3370When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
3371starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
3372
3373*** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
3374resync points in both windows.
3375
3376*** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
3377when Emacs visits them.
3378
3379*** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
3380
3381*** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3382
3383To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3384separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3385byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3386variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3387
3388*** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3389
3390*** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
3391run most curses applications now.
3392
3393*** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3394
3395Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3396use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3397inverse-video.
3398 36
3399 37
3400* Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems 38* Changes in Emacs 23.1 on non-free operating systems
3401
3402** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3403
3404If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3405environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3406using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3407the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3408localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3409of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3410where USERNAME is your user name.
3411
3412This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3413shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3414read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3415
3416** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3417
3418PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3419depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3420to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3421http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3422zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3423against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3424
3425** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3426
3427WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3428as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3429Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3430sound support for those formats.
3431
3432** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3433
3434See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3435
3436** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3437
3438The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3439whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3440pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3441
3442** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3443
3444You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3445existing values. For example:
3446
3447 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3448
3449will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3450irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3451
3452** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3453
3454The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3455the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3456colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3457default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3458some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3459`list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3460you wish to use them in other faces.
3461
3462** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3463
3464Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3465through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3466a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3467w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3468windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3469setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3470that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3471defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3472other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3473w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3474
3475** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3476 39
3477The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3478
3479** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3480
3481This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the
3482cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3483When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible
3484instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by
3485some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows
3486the caret visibility to be manually toggled.
3487
3488** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3489
3490Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3491multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3492MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3493the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3494any customizations.
3495
3496** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3497
3498** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3499`kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3500`kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3501
3502** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3503`mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3504 40
3505* Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1 41* Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 23.1
3506
3507** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3508:propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3509`risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3510
3511The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3512
3513 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3514
3515Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3516argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3517deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3518
3519** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3520user just types RET.
3521
3522** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3523been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3524
3525** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3526be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3527
3528** The explicit method of creating a display table element by
3529combining a face number and a character code into a numeric
3530glyph code is deprecated.
3531
3532Instead, the new functions `make-glyph-code', `glyph-char', and
3533`glyph-face' must be used to create and decode glyph codes in
3534display tables.
3535
3536** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3537the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3538`substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3539`undefined'.)
3540
3541** The third argument of `accept-process-output' is now milliseconds.
3542It used to be microseconds.
3543
3544** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3545(FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3546OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3547`file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3548
3549** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3550input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3551handle these events.
3552
3553** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3554there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3555
3556** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3557 42
3558 43
3559* Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1 44* Lisp Changes in Emacs 23.1
3560
3561** General Lisp changes:
3562
3563*** New syntax: \s now stands for the SPACE character.
3564
3565`?\s' is a new way to write the space character. You must make sure
3566it is not followed by a dash, since `?\s-...' indicates the "super"
3567modifier. However, it would be strange to write a character constant
3568and a following symbol (beginning with `-') with no space between
3569them.
3570
3571`\s' stands for space in strings, too, but it is not really meant for
3572strings; it is easier and nicer just to write a space.
3573
3574*** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
3575
3576For instance, you can use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of
3577CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA, or `"U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting
3578of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA (the latter is greater than
3579#xFFFF and thus needs the longer syntax).
3580
3581This syntax works for both character constants and strings.
3582
3583*** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3584
3585It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3586dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3587(calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3588
3589*** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3590
3591*** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3592that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3593
3594*** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3595
3596`string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
3597`booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is t or nil.
3598
3599*** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3600
3601*** Minor change in the function `format'.
3602
3603Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3604longer accepted.
3605
3606*** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3607
3608If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3609list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3610Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3611
3612*** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3613associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3614
3615*** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3616
3617Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3618history lists.
3619
3620If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3621the new element from the history list it updates.
3622
3623*** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3624
3625It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3626
3627*** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3628
3629It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3630occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3631first one.
3632
3633*** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3634
3635(rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3636CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3637
3638*** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3639
3640They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3641cyclic.
3642
3643*** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3644
3645They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3646the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3647
3648*** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3649
3650For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3651default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3652separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3653(1.5 3.5 5.5).
3654
3655*** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3656
3657They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3658
3659*** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3660The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3661negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3662
3663*** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3664
3665When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3666angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3667equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3668
3669*** New macro `with-case-table'
3670
3671This executes the body with the case table temporarily set to a given
3672case table.
3673
3674*** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3675
3676A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3677`with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3678the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3679
3680This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3681inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3682
3683*** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3684
3685This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3686
3687*** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3688evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3689it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3690
3691This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3692
3693*** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3694
3695It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3696One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3697if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3698
3699*** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3700
3701You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3702formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3703specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3704names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3705
3706*** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3707
3708When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3709numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3710relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3711
3712When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3713also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3714
3715*** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3716
3717If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3718
3719*** New hook `command-error-function'.
3720
3721By setting this variable to a function, you can control
3722how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
3723
3724*** `debug-on-entry' accepts primitive functions that are not special forms.
3725
3726** Lisp code indentation features:
3727
3728*** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3729
3730These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3731and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3732
3733 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3734
3735DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3736possible declaration specifiers are:
3737
3738(indent INDENT)
3739 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3740
3741(edebug DEBUG)
3742 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3743 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3744 but this is cleaner.)
3745
3746*** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3747
3748See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3749
3750*** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3751
3752The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3753`lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3754be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
3755forms.
3756
3757** Variable aliases:
3758
3759*** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
3760
3761This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
3762symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
3763returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
3764changes the value of BASE-VAR.
3765
3766DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
3767the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
3768
3769*** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
3770`make-obsolete-variable'.
3771
3772*** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
3773
3774This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
3775of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
3776defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
3777
3778It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
3779variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
3780
3781** defcustom changes:
3782
3783*** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
3784`customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
3785Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
3786variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
3787
3788*** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
3789
3790** String changes:
3791
3792*** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
3793
3794*** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
3795
3796*** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
3797multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
3798
3799*** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
3800the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
3801SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
3802nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
3803empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
3804
3805*** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
3806`assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
3807been declared obsolete.
3808
3809*** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
3810text properties.
3811
3812** Displaying warnings to the user.
3813
3814See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
3815If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
3816facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
3817warnings in a separate window.
3818
3819** Progress reporters.
3820
3821These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
3822progress messages for the user.
3823
3824See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
3825`progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
3826`progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
3827
3828** Buffer positions:
3829
3830*** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
3831width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
3832the usable window height and width is used.
3833
3834*** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
3835modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
3836taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
3837large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
3838`auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
3839
3840*** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
3841
3842It defaults to 1.
3843
3844*** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
3845
3846It defaults to 1.
3847
3848*** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
3849
3850This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
3851give up and return LIMIT.
3852
3853*** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
3854information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
3855window's display is up-to-date.
3856
3857*** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
3858
3859It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
3860
3861*** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
3862and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
3863arg is non-nil.
3864
3865*** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
3866click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
3867position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
3868
3869*** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
3870
3871This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
3872functionality.
3873
3874** Text modification:
3875
3876*** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
3877tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
3878is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
3879tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
3880unchanged.
3881
3882*** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
3883removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
3884and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
3885
3886*** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
3887`insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
3888in `insert-buffer-substring'.
3889
3890*** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
3891`insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
3892inserted substring.
3893
3894*** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
3895substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
3896the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
3897`delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
3898data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
3899
3900The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
3901`buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
3902`buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
3903text.
3904
3905*** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
3906argument.
3907
3908*** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
3909is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
3910be inserted is translated through it.
3911
3912*** Text clones.
3913
3914The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
3915that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
3916clone to the other.
3917
3918*** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
3919
3920** Filling changes.
3921
3922*** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
3923`adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
3924`adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
3925
3926** Atomic change groups.
3927
3928To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
3929they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
3930around the code that makes changes. For instance:
3931
3932 (atomic-change-group
3933 (insert foo)
3934 (delete-region x y))
3935
3936If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
3937`atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
3938were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
3939on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
3940
3941If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
3942lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
3943
3944To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
3945Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
3946This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
3947the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
3948
3949Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
3950group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
3951do this.
3952
3953After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
3954either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
3955`accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
3956call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
3957
3958You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
3959finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
3960`unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
3961(This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
3962`activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
3963group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
3964twice.
3965
3966To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
3967for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
3968returned values, like this:
3969
3970 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
3971 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
3972
3973You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
3974to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
3975`accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
3976
3977Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
3978would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
3979will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
3980change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
3981finished.
3982
3983** Buffer-related changes:
3984
3985*** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
3986binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
3987have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
3988value of VARIABLE instead.
3989
3990*** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
3991
3992If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
3993
3994*** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
3995
3996*** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
3997various status records in parallel.
3998
3999It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4000then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4001`frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4002order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4003time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4004`frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4005it returns nil.
4006
4007On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4008value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4009vector into the variable and returns t.
4010
4011If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4012for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4013purpose.
4014
4015*** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4016the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4017prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4018in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4019
4020** Searching and matching changes:
4021
4022*** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4023the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4024back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4025
4026*** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4027for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4028regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4029expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4030
4031Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4032`*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4033
4034*** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4035
4036These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4037non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4038specified by the syntax table.
4039
4040*** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4041character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4042characters and ranges.
4043
4044*** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4045properties from surrounding text.
4046
4047*** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4048element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4049accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4050
4051*** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4052argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4053passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4054
4055*** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-start' and `symbol-end' elements.
4056
4057*** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4058variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4059that end a sentence without following spaces.
4060
4061The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4062variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4063this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4064`sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4065`sentence-end-without-space'.
4066
4067** Undo changes:
4068
4069*** `buffer-undo-list' allows programmable elements.
4070
4071These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4072a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4073that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4074
4075These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4076which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4077range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4078
4079*** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4080`undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4081it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4082
4083** Killing and yanking changes:
4084
4085*** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4086previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4087
4088The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4089elements with the following format:
4090 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4091
4092The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4093the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4094element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4095the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4096
4097 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4098to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4099 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4100passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4101`yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4102rectangle.
4103 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4104`yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4105responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4106if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4107 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4108by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4109called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4110FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4111
4112*** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4113optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4114the killed text.
4115
4116*** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4117`yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4118`yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4119`insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4120element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4121
4122*** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4123`yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4124string. The old behavior is available if you call
4125`insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4126
4127** Syntax table changes:
4128
4129*** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4130current syntactic context at point.
4131
4132*** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4133of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4134of text properties as well as the character code.
4135
4136*** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4137by `syntax-after').
4138
4139*** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4140
4141** File operation changes:
4142
4143*** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4144searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4145 45
4146*** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4147`locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4148lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4149try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4150of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4151of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4152further filter candidate files.
4153
4154One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4155`exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4156executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4157
4158*** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4159non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4160its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4161The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4162
4163*** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4164before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4165tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4166sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4167
4168*** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4169specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4170many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4171`file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4172
4173*** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4174ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4175`.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4176
4177*** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4178`save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4179it's modified).
4180
4181*** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4182formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4183
4184*** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4185a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4186
4187*** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4188
4189Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4190`find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4191that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4192handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4193of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4194
4195*** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4196
4197You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4198symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4199the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4200operations.
4201
4202This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4203autoloaded when not really necessary.
4204
4205*** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4206name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4207
4208*** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4209PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4210
4211*** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4212modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4213operation.
4214
4215** Input changes:
4216
4217*** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4218display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4219using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4220
4221*** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4222have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4223maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4224this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4225
4226*** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4227the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4228previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4229
4230*** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4231much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4232it returns just the directory name.
4233
4234*** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4235arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4236quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4237finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4238BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4239
4240*** `recent-keys' now returns the last 300 keys.
4241
4242** Minibuffer changes:
4243
4244*** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4245buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4246defaults to the current buffer.
4247
4248*** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4249was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4250
4251*** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4252specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4253new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4254while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4255variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4256
4257*** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4258to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4259
4260*** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4261whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4262`read-file-name' function.
4263
4264*** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4265
4266It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4267for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4268
4269*** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4270elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4271add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4272afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4273
4274** Completion changes:
4275
4276*** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4277of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4278operate on.
4279
4280*** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4281of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4282and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4283exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4284strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4285
4286*** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4287as a dynamic completion table.
4288
4289 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4290
4291FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4292and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4293completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4294can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4295minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4296entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4297
4298*** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4299as a lazy completion table.
4300
4301 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4302
4303If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4304as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4305arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4306If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4307from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4308`lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4309
4310** Abbrev changes:
4311
4312*** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4313
4314If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4315that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4316abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4317specify this flag.
4318
4319*** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4320
4321It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4322
4323** Enhancements to keymaps.
4324
4325*** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4326
4327You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4328same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4329example,
4330
4331(kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4332
4333Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4334
4335*** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4336
4337This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4338to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4339binding and lookup functionality.
4340
4341When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4342remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4343original command.
4344
4345Example:
4346Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4347`my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4348bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4349`kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4350`kill-word'.
4351
4352Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4353command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4354`my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4355
4356 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4357 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4358
4359When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4360when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4361
4362Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4363means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4364runs `my-kill-line'.
4365
4366The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4367
4368- Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4369 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4370 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4371 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4372
4373- The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4374 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4375
4376- `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4377 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4378
4379- `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4380 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4381 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4382 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4383 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4384 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4385
4386- The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4387 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4388 command was not remapped.
4389
4390*** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4391key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4392
4393*** New keymaps for typing file names
4394
4395Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4396`minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4397Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4398the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4399names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4400the spaces).
4401
4402*** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4403active keymaps.
4404
4405*** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4406defined keys and their definitions.
4407
4408*** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4409
4410*** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4411over minor mode keymaps.
4412
4413*** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4414text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4415works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4416
4417*** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4418keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4419sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4420position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4421possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4422
4423*** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4424
4425*** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4426in the keymap.
4427
4428*** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4429
4430Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4431keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4432keymap alist to this list.
4433
4434*** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4435
4436Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4437bindings of the parent keymap.
4438
4439** Enhancements to process support
4440
4441*** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4442
4443On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4444output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4445very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4446by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4447non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4448from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4449Emacs tries to read it.
4450
4451*** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4452maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4453
4454Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4455and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4456`process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4457entire property list of a process.
4458
4459*** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4460it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4461
4462*** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4463
4464These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4465function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4466functions.
4467
4468*** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4469
4470This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4471
4472*** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4473obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4474`default-directory'.
4475
4476*** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4477name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4478
4479*** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4480JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4481is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4482integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4483recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4484speech synthesis.
4485
4486*** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4487if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4488
4489That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4490`default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4491you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4492
4493*** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4494multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4495
4496*** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4497multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4498
4499*** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4500buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4501to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4502Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4503which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4504
4505** Enhanced networking support.
4506
4507*** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4508It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4509create a stream or datagram server inside Emacs.
4510
4511- A server is started using :server t arg.
4512- Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4513- A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4514- Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4515- IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4516 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4517- Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4518- The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4519 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4520 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4521
4522To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4523 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4524 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4525
4526*** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4527
4528*** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4529
4530Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4531process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4532the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4533
4534An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
45354 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4536
4537*** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4538
4539These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4540connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4541stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4542stopped state.
4543
4544*** New function `format-network-address'.
4545
4546This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4547to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4548number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4549printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4550string for other formatting options.
4551
4552*** New function `network-interface-list'.
4553
4554This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4555current network addresses.
4556
4557*** New function `network-interface-info'.
4558
4559This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4560status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4561
4562*** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4563
4564These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4565and set the current address of the remote partner.
4566
4567*** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4568
4569The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4570process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4571connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4572"connection broken by remote peer".
4573
4574** Using window objects:
4575
4576*** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4577
4578A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4579line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4580`header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4581cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4582variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4583
4584*** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4585actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4586divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4587the mode line.
4588
4589*** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4590return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4591
4592*** New function `window-body-height'.
4593
4594This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4595header line.
4596
4597*** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4598or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4599
4600*** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4601selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4602It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4603
4604*** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4605
4606This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4607
4608*** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4609of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4610by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4611buffer.
4612
4613*** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4614
4615If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4616and scroll-bar settings.
4617
4618*** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4619
4620*** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4621argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4622dedicated windows.
4623
4624** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4625
4626*** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4627that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4628bitmap of the display line.
4629
4630Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
4631symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
4632`define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
4633for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
4634When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
4635
4636*** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4637`fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4638and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4639This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4640physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4641be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4642
4643*** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4644fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4645
4646*** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4647or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4648
4649*** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4650used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4651with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4652foreground color of the bitmap.
4653
4654*** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
4655bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
4656
4657** Other window fringe features:
4658
4659*** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
4660
4661The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
4662can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
4663frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
4664Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
4665
4666The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
4667specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
4668integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
4669between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
4670specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
4671only the left fringe gets the specified width).
4672
4673Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
4674width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
4675of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
4676fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
4677
4678*** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
4679
4680**** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
4681position settings.
4682
4683To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
4684variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
4685`set-window-fringes'.
4686
4687To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
4688are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
4689or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
4690`fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
4691
4692The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
4693settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
4694`fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
4695displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
4696an update of the display margins.
4697
4698**** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
4699controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
4700
4701To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
4702variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
4703`set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
4704used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
4705`scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
4706the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
4707of the display margins.
4708
4709** Redisplay features:
4710
4711*** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
4712
4713*** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
4714
4715*** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
4716available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
4717an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
4718
4719*** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
4720one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
4721contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
4722changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
4723forcing an explicit window update.
4724
4725*** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
4726to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
4727a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
4728
4729Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
4730does that, this value cannot be accurate.
4731
4732*** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
4733variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
4734
4735It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
4736markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
4737
4738Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
4739and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
4740string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
4741systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
4742If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
4743'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
4744
4745*** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
4746
4747A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
4748properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
4749
4750If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
4751contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
4752newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
4753newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
4754slices without adding blank areas between the images.
4755
4756If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
4757specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
4758height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
4759
4760If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
4761height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
4762the given value.
4763
4764If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
4765minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
4766RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
4767
4768If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
4769height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
4770
4771If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
4772the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
4773described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
4774varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
4775exactly that many pixels high.
4776
4777If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
4778is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
4779overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
4780the `line-spacing' variable.
4781
4782If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
4783is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
4784
4785*** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
4786which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
4787
4788*** Enhancements to stretch display properties
4789
4790The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
4791PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
4792specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
4793
4794The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
4795which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
4796are supported:
4797
4798EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
4799NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
4800UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
4801ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
4802 | scroll-bar | text
4803POS ::= left | center | right
4804FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
4805OP ::= + | -
4806
4807The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
4808frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
4809pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
4810is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
4811pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
4812`height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
4813font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
4814the image.
4815
4816The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
4817`scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
4818corresponding area of the window.
4819
4820The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
4821to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
4822of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
4823can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
4824relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
4825a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
4826these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
4827the width of the area.
4828
4829For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
4830 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
4831
4832If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
4833to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
4834header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
4835
4836The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
4837the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
4838width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
4839height) of the specified image.
4840
4841The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
4842The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
4843
4844*** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
4845text property string that may be present at the current window
4846position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
4847strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
4848
4849*** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
4850supported on text terminals.
4851
4852*** Support for displaying image slices
4853
4854**** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
4855an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
4856
4857**** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
4858specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
4859
4860**** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
4861specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
4862
4863*** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
4864
4865An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
4866An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
4867A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
4868pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
4869A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
4870and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
4871A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
4872vector describes one corner in the polygon.
4873
4874When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
4875PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
4876property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
4877a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
4878it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
4879for possible pointer shapes.
4880
4881When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
4882an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
4883mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
4884
4885*** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
4886The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
4887search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
4888in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
4889Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
4890you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
4891explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
4892
4893 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
4894
4895Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
4896moved to etc/images.
4897
4898*** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
4899search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
4900external packages to save users from having to update
4901`image-load-path'.
4902
4903*** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
4904images that Emacs will load and display.
4905
4906*** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
4907override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
4908`display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
4909
4910** Mouse pointer features:
4911
4912*** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
4913line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
4914controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
4915is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
4916(or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
4917
4918*** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
4919:pointer image property.
4920
4921*** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
4922controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
4923
4924** Mouse event enhancements:
4925
4926*** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
4927you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
4928a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
4929
4930*** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
4931or `right-fringe' as the area.
4932
4933*** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
4934and all areas.
4935
4936*** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
4937
4938*** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
4939the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
4940
4941*** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
4942(image or character) clicked on.
4943
4944*** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
4945
4946*** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
4947
4948*** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
4949text area).
4950
4951*** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
4952of the mouse event position.
4953
4954*** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
4955
4956These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
4957pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
4958the total width and height of that object.
4959
4960** Text property and overlay changes:
4961
4962*** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
4963remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
4964
4965*** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
4966
4967This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
4968properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
4969although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
4970to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
4971
4972*** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
4973arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
4974return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
4975whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
4976it was found as a text property or not found at all.
4977
4978*** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
4979
4980It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
4981property names as argument rather than a property list.
4982
4983** Face changes
4984
4985*** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
4986Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
4987needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
4988the faces to include in the face menu.
4989
4990*** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
4991the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
4992define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
4993look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
4994is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
4995makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
4996
4997*** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
4998whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
4999
5000A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5001specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5002defined with `defface'.
5003
5004*** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5005or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5006`defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5007the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5008directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5009
5010*** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5011`default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5012defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5013by them).
5014
5015*** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5016whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5017not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5018
5019*** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5020
5021These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5022face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5023attribute.
5024
5025*** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5026help with handling relative face attributes.
5027
5028*** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5029
5030If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5031faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5032releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5033so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5034`face' properties.
5035
5036*** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5037(or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5038'((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5039point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5040SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5041
5042*** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5043with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5044not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5045or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5046was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5047
5048*** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5049the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5050
5051** Font-Lock changes:
5052
5053*** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5054
5055This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5056M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5057property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5058new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5059
5060*** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5061
5062**** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5063form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5064properties than `face'.
5065
5066**** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5067extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5068
5069*** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5070
5071If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5072(see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5073be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5074depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5075is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5076
5077 s{
5078 foo
5079 }{
5080 bar
5081 }e
5082
5083Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5084text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5085property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5086refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5087
5088*** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5089the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5090up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5091of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5092
5093** Major mode mechanism changes:
5094
5095*** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5096looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
5097
5098*** New variable `file-start-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5099looking at the file contents. It is handled after `auto-mode-alist',
5100only if `auto-mode-alist' (and `magic-mode-alist') says nothing about the file.
5101
5102*** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5103or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5104
5105*** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
5106file name when setting the major mode.
5107
5108*** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
5109Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
5110`auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails. This
5111means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file
5112PROG.HTML is opened in html-mode. Note however, that independent of
5113this setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files. It also
5114has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
5115
5116*** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5117`after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5118hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5119
5120*** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5121locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5122the language.
5123
5124*** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5125
5126*** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5127are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5128parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5129
5130*** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5131It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5132
5133*** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5134property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5135it in that buffer.
5136
5137** Minor mode changes:
5138
5139*** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5140and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5141
5142*** `define-globalized-minor-mode'.
5143
5144This is a new name for what was formerly called
5145`easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5146
5147*** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5148
5149** Command loop changes:
5150
5151*** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5152have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5153calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5154
5155Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5156INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5157
5158*** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5159
5160If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5161called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5162macros.
5163
5164*** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5165within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5166covered by an image or composition property.
5167
5168This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5169This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5170unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5171(including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5172`post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5173
5174*** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5175enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5176During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5177is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5178the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5179
5180*** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5181been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5182`disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5183
5184*** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5185when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5186
5187*** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5188
5189** Lisp file loading changes:
5190
5191*** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5192which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5193current file redefined it).
5194
5195*** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5196defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5197
5198*** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5199variable or face definitions.
5200
5201*** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5202to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5203and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5204
5205*** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5206Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5207than 3 levels of nesting.
5208
5209** Byte compiler changes:
5210
5211*** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5212position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5213warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5214for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5215compilation output buffer.
5216
5217*** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5218inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5219
5220*** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5221simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5222useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5223Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5224forms:
5225
5226 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5227 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5228
5229In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5230won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5231second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5232unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5233macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5234`unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5235
5236*** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5237helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5238Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5239efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5240generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5241you anything.
5242
5243*** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5244
5245*** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5246now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5247(require 'cl) when loaded.
5248
5249** Frame operations:
5250
5251*** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5252
5253These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5254horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5255
5256*** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5257for all (existing and future) frames.
5258
5259*** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5260for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5261number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5262Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5263
5264*** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5265the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5266
5267** Mode line changes:
5268
5269*** New function `format-mode-line'.
5270
5271This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5272specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5273
5274*** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5275used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5276
5277*** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5278to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5279line.
5280
5281*** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5282
5283** Menu manipulation changes:
5284
5285*** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5286proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5287"files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5288several versions ago.
5289
5290*** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5291If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5292as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5293
5294This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5295made with easy-menu.
5296
5297*** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5298if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5299into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5300need to have a name.
5301
5302** Mule changes:
5303
5304*** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5305
5306Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5307from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5308buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5309now:
5310
53111. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5312
53132. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5314the time it takes to convert the format.
5315
53163. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5317wasteful.
5318
5319*** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5320to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5321for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5322file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5323
5324*** The new variable `ascii-case-table' stores the case table for the
5325ascii character set. Language environments (such as Turkish) may
5326alter the case correspondences of ASCII characters. This variable
5327saves the original ASCII case table before any such changes.
5328
5329*** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5330of one coding system from another coding system.
5331
5332*** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5333the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5334parts, e.g. utf-16.
5335
5336*** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5337it is read from a file without decoding.
5338
5339*** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5340hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5341
5342*** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5343current input method to input a character.
5344
5345*** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5346NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5347
5348** Operating system access:
5349
5350*** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5351run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5352
5353*** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5354user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5355accepts a float as UID parameter.
5356
5357*** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5358
5359*** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5360The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5361formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5362
5363*** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5364debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5365
5366** GC changes:
5367
5368*** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5369as the heap size increases.
5370
5371*** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5372on garbage collection.
5373
5374*** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5375
5376The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5377
5378** Miscellaneous:
5379
5380*** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5381
5382`find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5383`find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5384`write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5385`write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5386`x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5387`x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5388`delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5389
5390In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5391
5392*** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5393
5394Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5395
5396*** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5397running under X.
5398 46
5399* New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1 47* New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 23.1
5400
5401** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5402buttons' in Emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5403`widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5404doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5405such things as help and apropos buffers.
5406
5407** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5408of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5409well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5410
5411** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5412binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5413data structures.
5414
5415** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5416buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5417
5418It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5419and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5420buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5421commands.
5422
5423This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5424sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5425SQL buffer.
5426
5427(add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5428 (function (lambda ()
5429 (master-mode t)
5430 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5431(add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5432 (function (lambda ()
5433 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5434
5435** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5436
5437This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5438
5439** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5440
5441This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5442code. It works with edebug.
5443
5444The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5445file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5446overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5447is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5448will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5449
5450Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5451evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5452value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5453complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5454skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5455value, such as (setq x 14).
5456
5457For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5458help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5459red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5460return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5461This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5462an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5463
5464 48
5465 49
5466---------------------------------------------------------------------- 50----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -5487,4 +71,4 @@ mode: outline
5487paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$" 71paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$"
5488end: 72end:
5489 73
5490arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793 74arch-tag: e759449d-88b3-4de4-9900-3a6c3dfa23e2
diff --git a/etc/NEWS.22 b/etc/NEWS.22
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4fc69ac4823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/etc/NEWS.22
@@ -0,0 +1,5490 @@
1GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
2
3Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5See the end of the file for license conditions.
6
7Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
8If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9
10This file is about changes in Emacs version 22.
11
12See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
13in older Emacs versions.
14
15You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
17
18Temporary note:
19 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
20 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
21When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
22so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
23
24Fixme: The notes about Emacs 23 are quite incomplete.
25
26
27* Changes in Emacs 23.1
28
29** The Emacs character set is now a superset of Unicode.
30(It has about four times the code space, which should be plenty).
31
32The internal encoding used for buffers and strings is now
33Unicode-based and called `utf-8-emacs'. utf-8-emacs is backwards
34compatible with the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. The `emacs-mule'
35coding system can still read and write data in the old internal
36encoding.
37
38There are still charsets which contain disjoint sets of characters
39where this is necessary or useful, especially for various Far Eastern
40sets which are problematic with Unicode.
41
42Since the internal encoding is also used by default for byte-compiled
43files -- i.e. the normal coding system for byte-compiled Lisp files is
44now utf-8-Emacs -- Lisp containing non-ASCII characters which is
45compiled by Emacs 23 can't be read by earlier versions of Emacs. Files
46compiled by Emacs 20, 21, or 22 are loaded correctly as emacs-mule
47(whether or not they contain multibyte characters), which makes loading
48them somewhat slower than Emacs 23-compiled files. Thus it may be worth
49recompiling existing .elc files which don't need to be shared with older
50Emacsen.
51
52** There are assorted new coding systems/aliases -- see
53M-x list-coding-systems.
54
55** New charset implementation with many new charsets.
56See M-x list-character-sets. New charsets can be defined conveniently
57as tables of unicodes.
58
59The dimension of a charset is now 0, 1, 2, or 3, and the size of each
60dimension is no longer limited to 94 or 96.
61
62Generic characters no longer exist.
63
64A dynamic charset priority list is used to infer the charset of
65unicodes for display &c.
66
67** The following facilities are obsolete:
68
69Minor modes: unify-8859-on-encoding-mode, unify-8859-on-decoding-mode
70
71
72* Lisp changes in Emacs 23.1
73
74map-char-table's behaviour has changed.
75
76New functions: characterp, max-char, map-charset-chars,
77define-charset-alias, primary-charset, set-primary-charset,
78unify-charset, clear-charset-maps, charset-priority-list,
79set-charset-priority, define-coding-system,
80define-coding-system-alias, coding-system-aliases, langinfo,
81string-to-multibyte.
82
83Changed functions: copy-sequence, decode-char, encode-char,
84set-fontset-font, new-fontset, modify-syntax-entry, define-charset,
85modify-category-entry
86
87Obsoleted: char-bytes, chars-in-region, set-coding-priority,
88char-valid-p
89
90
91* Incompatible Lisp changes
92
93Deleted functions: make-coding-system, register-char-codings,
94coding-system-spec
95
96** The character codes for characters from the
97eight-bit-control/eight-bit-graphic charsets aren't now in the range
98128-255.
99
100* About external Lisp packages
101
102When you upgrade to Emacs 22 from a previous version, some older
103versions of external Lisp packages are known to behave badly.
104So in general, it is recommended that you upgrade to the latest
105versions of any external Lisp packages that you are using.
106
107You should also be aware that many Lisp packages have been included
108with Emacs 22 (see the extensive list below), and you should remove
109any older versions of these packages to ensure that the Emacs 22
110version is used. You can use M-x list-load-path-shadows to find such
111older packages.
112
113Some specific packages that are known to cause problems are:
114
115** Semantic (used by CEDET, ECB, JDEE): upgrade to latest version.
116
117** cua.el, cua-mode.el: remove old versions.
118
119
120* Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
121
122** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
123when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
124provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
125
126** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
127
128The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
129Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
130Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar to make it easily
131accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
132
133** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
134the distribution.
135
136This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
137together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
138item was added to the menu bar to make it easily accessible
139(Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
140
141** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
142You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
143Emacs with Leim.
144
145** Support for MacOS X was added.
146See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
147
148** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
149create a non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
150the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
151
152** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
153
154** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
155
156** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
157
158** Support for GNU/Linux systems on Tensilica Xtensa machines was added.
159
160** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
161
162** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
163following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
164with simplified and traditional characters), French, Russian, and
165Italian. Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language
166setup doesn't automatically select the right one.
167
168** New translations of the Emacs reference card are available in the
169Brasilian Portuguese and Russian. The corresponding PostScript files
170are also included.
171
172** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
173
174** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
175`--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
176installed programs.
177
178** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
179scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
180place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
181configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
182to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
183to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
184in each user's home directory.
185
186** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
187(Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
188the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
189setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
190
191** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
192
193** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
194
195** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
196See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
197
198** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
199These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
200runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
201found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
202Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
203into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
204Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
205
206** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
207
208** The `yow' program has been removed.
209Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
210
211** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
212The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
213terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
214
215** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
216contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
217Emacs crash.
218
219** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
220types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
221
222** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
223much pure storage it will approximately need.
224
225
226* Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
227
228** Init file changes
229If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
230~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
231~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
232
233** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
234When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
235`--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
236whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
237screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
238
239** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
240arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
241disables the splash screen; see also the variable
242`inhibit-splash-screen' (which is also aliased as
243`inhibit-startup-message').
244
245** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
246When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
247displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
248
249** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
250the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
251
252** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
253It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
254can start with this line:
255
256 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
257
258** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
259now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
260an interactively callable function.
261
262** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
263Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
264appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
265
266 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
267
268Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
269in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
270
271** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
272all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
273affects the initial frame.
274
275** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
276with respect to its frame position: if you don't specify a position
277(in your .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry
278command-line option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows'
279window manager.
280
281** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
282--no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
283
284** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
285Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
286
287** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
288automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
289modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
290can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
291according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
292
293** New command line option -Q or --quick.
294This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
295the fancy startup screen.
296
297** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
298Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
299the blinking cursor.
300
301** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon.
302The command-line options --icon-type, -i have been replaced with
303options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn the bitmap icon off.
304
305** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
306to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
307concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
308
309
310* Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
311
312** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
313
314See below for more details.
315
316** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
317(beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
318you about it.
319
320** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
321This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
322need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
323keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
324"New keymaps for typing file names".
325
326** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
327to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
328it remains unchanged.
329
330** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
331
332See below under "incremental search changes".
333
334** M-g is now a prefix key.
335M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
336M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
337M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
338
339** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
340and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
341
342When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
343point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
344
345** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
346M-o M-o requests refontification.
347
348** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
349a special case.
350
351Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
352of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
353directory with Dired.
354
355You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
356the actual file name into the minibuffer.
357
358** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
359control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
360by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
361too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
362doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
363special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
364
365** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
366previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
367C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
368to set the mark immediately after a jump.
369
370** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
371have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
372
373** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
374in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
375
376** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
377
378** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
379It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
380
381** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
382since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
383the operating system or your X server.
384
385** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19)
386have been removed:
387 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC)
388 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j)
389 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s)
390 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i)
391
392
393* Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
394
395** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
396On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
397
398** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
399cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
400crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
401killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
402not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
403a new Emacs.
404
405** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
406
407** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
408be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
409`yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
410of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
411
412** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
413By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
414
415** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
416converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
417
418** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
419(previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
420C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
421cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
422
423** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
424but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
425analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
426
427** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
428understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
429`same-window'.
430
431** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
432`insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
433
434** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
435
436Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
437now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
438in the value, use `$$'.
439
440** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
441been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
442in Paragraph-Indent Text mode.
443
444** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
445from the locale.
446
447** Help command changes:
448
449*** Changes in C-h bindings:
450
451C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
452
453C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
454
455C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
456
457C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
458 that do not change:
459
460C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
461C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
462
463The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
464have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
465
466C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
467- C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
468 run by the key sequence.
469- C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
470 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
471 that command.
472
473For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
474to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
475- C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
476 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
477- C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
478 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
479- C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
480 new-kill-line is on C-k
481
482*** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
483When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
484be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
485available.
486
487*** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
488to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
489number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
490regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
491match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
492matching item.
493
494*** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
495arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
496default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
497`help-default-arg-highlight'.
498
499*** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
500variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
501
502*** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
503preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
504hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
505preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
506hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
507enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
508anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
509addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
510enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
511
512*** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
513description various information about a character, including its
514encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
515widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
516clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
517
518*** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
519C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
520
521*** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
522in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
523same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
524`help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
525keyboard oriented alternative.
526
527*** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
528automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
529point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
530determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
531to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
532
533** Mark command changes:
534
535*** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
536previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
537mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
538
539*** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
540
541If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
542(mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
543extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
544M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
545mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
546region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
547the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
548in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
549or set the new mark with C-SPC.
550
551*** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
552mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
553region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
554want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
555ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
556command only.
557
558One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
559and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
560This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
561mark or the region.
562
563After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
564deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
565that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
566C-g.
567
568*** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
569`beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
570is already active in Transient Mark mode.
571
572*** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
573
574With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
575if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
576paragraphs.
577
578** Incremental Search changes:
579
580*** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
581`query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
582search string used as the string to replace.
583
584*** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
585making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
586command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
587bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
588
589*** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
590at the end of a line.
591
592*** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
593Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
594and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
595
596*** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
597To enable this feature, customize the new user option
598`isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
599constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
600for details.
601
602*** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
603history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
604user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
605
606** Replace command changes:
607
608*** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
609`replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
610where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
611time. `\#' in a replacement string now refers to the count of
612replacements already made by the replacement command. All regular
613expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the replacement
614string to specify a position where the replacement string can be
615edited for each replacement. `query-replace-regexp-eval' is now
616deprecated since it offers no additional functionality.
617
618*** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
619`query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
620
621*** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
622`query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
623
624*** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
625`query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
626a match if part of it has a read-only property.
627
628** Local variables lists:
629
630*** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
631are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
632the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
633was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
634definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
635
636At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
637variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
638option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
639Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
640`safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
641However, risky variables will not be added to
642`safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
643
644*** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
645lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
646behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
647:all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
648nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
649
650*** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
651are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
652specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
653such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
654needed.
655
656*** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
657that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
658appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
659is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
660ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
661with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
662
663If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
664confirmation as before.
665
666*** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
667suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
668
669*** Text properties in local variables.
670
671A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
672properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
673
674** File operation changes:
675
676*** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
677the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
678Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
679is only rarely needed.
680
681*** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
682
683Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
684of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
685directory with Dired.
686
687*** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
688against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
689
690*** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
691
692*** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
693Emacs asks for confirmation.
694
695*** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
696add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
697convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
698the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
699commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
700/tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
701
702*** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
703
704`visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
705when visiting the file.
706
707`visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
708needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
709when saving the file.
710
711*** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
712major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
713designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
714sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
715So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
716modes do.
717
718*** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
719read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
720want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
721file.)
722
723*** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
724when the file name contains wildcard characters.
725
726*** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
727when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
728wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
729
730*** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
731before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
732supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
733
734*** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
735controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
736attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
737
738*** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
739in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
740the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
741in data loss, use with care.
742
743** Minibuffer changes:
744
745*** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
746to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
747it remains unchanged.
748
749*** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
750entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
751
752*** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
753Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
754variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
755prompt string.
756
757*** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
758
759Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
760have in common and where they begin to differ.
761
762The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
763`completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
764same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
765`completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
766`completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
767`completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
768parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
769parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
770
771Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
772triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
773listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
774the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
775its second argument.
776
777*** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
778If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
779slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
780completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
781which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
782candidate is a directory.
783
784*** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
785If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
786elements are deleted from the history list.
787
788** Redisplay changes:
789
790*** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
791of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
792the mode line of the currently selected window.
793
794The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
795the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
796
797*** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
798When the file is maintained under version control, that information
799appears between the position information and the major mode.
800
801*** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
802for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
803top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
804control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
805set-fringe-style.
806
807*** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
808addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
809the window can be scrolled.
810
811This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
812`indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
813this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
814
815If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
816displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
817
818The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
819position of each bitmap individually.
820
821For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
822in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
823arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
824left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
825
826*** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
827(not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
828two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
829Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
830cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
831
832The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
833revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
834
835*** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
836in addition to the individual display margin settings.
837
838Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
839horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
840or when the frame is resized.
841
842*** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
843displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
844outside those margins.
845
846*** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
847
848*** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
849face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
850specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
851
852*** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
853The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
854the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
855will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
856
857The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
858hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
859window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
860window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
861many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
862gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
863
864The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
865`auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
866
867*** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
868the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
869vscroll property.
870
871*** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
872
873To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
874the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
875redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
876the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
877
878*** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
879Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
880systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
881even cause Emacs to crash.
882
883*** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
884will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
885the tool bar, you must type C-l.
886
887*** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
888overline and text.
889
890*** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
891position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
892`x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
893
894** New faces:
895
896*** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
897elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
898areas.
899
900*** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
901parts of the mode line.
902
903*** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
904the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
905This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
906black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
907allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
908so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
909
910*** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
911
912** Font-Lock (syntax highlighting) changes:
913
914*** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
915fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
916modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
917
918The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
919fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
920`Info-mode-hook'.
921
922*** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
923
924*** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
925
926*** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
927You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
928the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
929cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
930
931*** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
932features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
933any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
934bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
935can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
936the open-paren is not in column 0.
937
938*** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
939M-o M-o requests refontification.
940
941*** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
942The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now nil
943instead of 3. This setting of jit-lock-stealth-time disables stealth
944fontification: on today's machines, it may be a bug in font lock
945patterns if fontification otherwise noticeably degrades interactivity.
946If you find movement in infrequently visited buffers sluggish (and the
947major mode maintainer has no better idea), customizing
948jit-lock-stealth-time to a non-nil value will let Emacs fontify
949buffers in the background when it considers the system to be idle.
950jit-lock-stealth-nice is now 0.5 instead of 0.125 which is supposed to
951cause less load than the old defaults.
952
953*** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
954
955If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
956idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
957example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
958only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
959
960*** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
961
962jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
963jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
964refontification takes place.
965
966*** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
967
968The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
969obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
970using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
971 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
972
973If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
974`font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
975 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
976
977** Menu support:
978
979*** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
980This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
981as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
982You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
983it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
984current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
985
986*** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
987
988*** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
989and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
990to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
991
992*** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/LessTif can be
993disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
994
995*** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
996be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
997
998*** The menu bar for Motif/LessTif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
999Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1000the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1001
1002*** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1003to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1004`-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1005
1006*** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and LessTif/Motif now pop down on pressing
1007ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1008
1009*** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1010by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1011the new dialog.
1012
1013*** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1014
1015** Buffer Menu changes:
1016
1017*** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1018`buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1019in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1020
1021`buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1022leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1023If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1024shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1025and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1026
1027`buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1028the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1029t, and the status is shown.
1030
1031Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1032the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1033
1034*** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1035buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1036mode.
1037
1038*** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1039with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1040whose names begin with space are omitted.
1041
1042** Mouse changes:
1043
1044*** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1045
1046Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1047click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1048click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1049inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1050to match this context-sensitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1051behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1052
1053Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1054more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1055activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1056(see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1057packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1058this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1059is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1060happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1061on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1062
1063If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1064just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1065click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1066you release it).
1067
1068Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1069drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1070
1071You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1072`mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1073
1074*** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1075value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1076one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1077can be selected only when it is active.
1078
1079*** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1080select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1081normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1082the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1083window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1084to give it focus.
1085
1086*** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1087is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1088can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1089mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1090also disable mouse highlighting.
1091
1092*** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1093shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1094variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1095
1096*** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1097
1098*** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1099
1100People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1101unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1102ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1103mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1104
1105*** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1106(rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1107
1108** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1109
1110*** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1111construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1112-*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1113various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1114specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1115shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1116character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1117construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1118following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1119without any character translation:
1120;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1121
1122*** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1123more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1124name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1125This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1126default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1127
1128*** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1129current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1130can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1131characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1132emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1133keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1134or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1135by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1136
1137*** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1138coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1139(Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1140command.
1141
1142*** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1143revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1144
1145*** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1146coding system.
1147
1148*** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1149of a file.
1150
1151*** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1152unicode.
1153
1154*** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1155in the current input method to input a character at point.
1156
1157*** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1158Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1159the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1160Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1161sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1162translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1163mule-unicode-... ones.
1164
1165By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1166Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1167with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1168possible.
1169
1170You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1171unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1172into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1173mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1174will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1175
1176*** New language environments (set up automatically according to the
1177locale): Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, Esperanto,
1178French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam,
1179Russian, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8,Ukrainian,
1180Welsh,Latin-6, Windows-1255.
1181
1182*** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1183belarusian, bulgarian-bds, bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng (for
1184Chinese Pinyin characters), croatian, dutch, georgian, latvian-keyboard,
1185lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345,
1186russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ukrainian-computer,
1187ucs, vietnamese-telex, welsh.
1188
1189*** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1190either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1191when possible. The latter are more space-efficient.
1192 This is controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1193
1194*** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1195automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1196environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1197versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1198 M-f (forward-word)
1199 M-b (backward-word)
1200 M-d (kill-word)
1201 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1202 M-t (transpose-words)
1203 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1204
1205*** Indian support has been updated.
1206The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1207assumed. There is a framework for supporting various Indian scripts,
1208but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are supported.
1209
1210*** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1211By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1212single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1213turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1214sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1215system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1216interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1217You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1218`ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1219coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1220one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1221The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1222
1223*** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1224
1225*** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1226in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1227Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1228
1229*** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1230These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1231on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1232only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1233`code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1234
1235*** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1236Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1237
1238*** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1239characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1240fontset appropriately.
1241
1242** Customize changes:
1243
1244*** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1245custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1246load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1247enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1248
1249*** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1250now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1251specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1252faces.
1253
1254*** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1255In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1256check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1257for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1258sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1259its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1260case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1261
1262*** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1263the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1264You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1265under the "[State]" button.
1266
1267** Dired mode:
1268
1269*** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1270control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1271by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1272too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1273double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1274special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1275
1276*** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1277This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1278
1279*** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1280dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1281introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1282
1283*** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1284with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1285
1286*** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1287of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1288
1289*** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1290into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1291
1292*** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1293
1294The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1295dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1296dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1297instead.
1298
1299*** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1300have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1301directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1302directory listing into a buffer.
1303
1304** Comint changes:
1305
1306*** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in subshells
1307running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment variable,
1308which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs that need
1309to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check INSIDE_EMACS
1310instead of EMACS.
1311
1312*** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1313option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1314except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1315controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1316overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1317
1318The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1319support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1320
1321`comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1322read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1323lines, including any prompts.
1324
1325`comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1326read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1327part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1328and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1329not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1330`kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1331to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1332
1333*** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1334modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1335like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1336otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1337
1338*** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1339`comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1340but declared obsolete.
1341
1342** M-x Compile changes:
1343
1344*** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1345
1346Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1347recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1348red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1349(controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1350
1351Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1352This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1353This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1354
1355The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1356you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1357leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1358`compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1359that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1360
1361The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1362
1363*** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1364This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1365compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1366subprocesses inherit.
1367
1368*** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1369If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1370
1371*** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1372specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1373in new face `next-error'.
1374
1375*** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1376compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1377modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1378buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1379matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1380C-c C-f.
1381
1382*** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1383the compilation buffer.
1384
1385*** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1386context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1387it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1388no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1389of the window.
1390
1391** Occur mode changes:
1392
1393*** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1394search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1395`multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1396buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1397Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1398changes.
1399
1400*** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1401the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1402
1403*** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1404C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1405switching to it.
1406
1407** Grep changes:
1408
1409*** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1410
1411There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1412customization group.
1413
1414*** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1415people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1416
1417*** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1418more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1419separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1420and the base directory for the search. Case sensitivity of the
1421search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1422
1423These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1424`grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1425
1426The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1427
1428Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1429typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1430are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1431
1432*** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1433
1434Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1435can be saved and automatically revisited.
1436
1437*** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1438buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1439--color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1440match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1441buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1442source line is highlighted.
1443
1444*** New key bindings in grep output window:
1445SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1446previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1447the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1448other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1449previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1450file.
1451
1452*** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1453by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1454detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1455When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1456unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1457command lines to be used than was possible before.
1458
1459*** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1460the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1461
1462** Cursor display changes:
1463
1464*** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
1465The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
1466default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
1467cursor does.
1468
1469*** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
1470of the recognized cursor types.
1471
1472*** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
1473of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
1474appears in.
1475
1476*** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
1477uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
1478
1479*** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
1480
1481*** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
1482now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
1483
1484** X Windows Support:
1485
1486*** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1487opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1488buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1489
1490*** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1491The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1492and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1493use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1494Meta and Alt:
1495 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1496 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1497
1498*** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1499speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1500
1501If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1502XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1503
1504*** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1505requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1506Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1507and use the more appropriately result.
1508
1509*** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1510On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1511amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1512
1513** Xterm support:
1514
1515*** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1516on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1517
1518*** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1519When Emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1520The following should work:
1521{C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1522These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8 (and later versions),
1523they might not work on some older versions of xterm, or on some
1524proprietary versions.
1525The various keys generated by xterm when the "modifyOtherKeys"
1526resource is set are also supported.
1527
1528** Character terminal color support changes:
1529
1530*** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1531mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1532terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1533database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1534set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1535terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1536when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1537in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1538user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1539
1540*** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1541than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1542256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1543the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1544all of these colors.
1545
1546*** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1547faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1548256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
154988-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1550colors as on X.
1551
1552*** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1553
1554** ebnf2ps changes:
1555
1556*** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
1557shape drawing.
1558The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
1559overlap. It depends on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
1560
1561*** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
1562Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
1563Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
1564
1565* New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1566
1567** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1568
1569The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1570cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1571With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1572keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1573region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1574cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1575
1576The cua-selection-mode enables the CUA keybindings for the region but
1577does not change the bindings for C-z/C-x/C-c/C-v. It can be used as a
1578replacement for pc-selection-mode.
1579
1580In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1581rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1582using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1583or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1584
1585Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1586fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1587downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1588rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1589as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1590M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1591rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1592
1593Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1594prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1595C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1596
1597The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1598register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1599
1600Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1601When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1602automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1603commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1604
1605The features of cua also works with the standard Emacs bindings for
1606kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1607want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1608`cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1609
1610Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1611versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1612must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1613loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1614
1615** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1616
1617This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1618files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1619Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1620for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1621the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1622`inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1623connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1624(which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1625`rsync' to do the copying).
1626
1627Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1628`su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1629
1630If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1631
1632 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1633
1634Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
1635tramp-unload-tramp.
1636
1637** The image-dired.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in
1638other ways manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as
1639the main interface. Image-Dired provides functionality to generate
1640simple image galleries.
1641
1642** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1643between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1644
1645** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
1646
1647** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
1648
1649** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1650
1651Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1652Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1653can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1654Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1655manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1656`etc/calccard.ps'.
1657
1658** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1659
1660Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1661doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1662It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1663capabilities.
1664
1665The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1666activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1667
1668The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1669type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1670available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1671
1672** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1673
1674ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1675
1676To see what modules are available, type
1677M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1678
1679To start an IRC session with ERC, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts
1680for server, port, and nick.
1681
1682** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1683
1684Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1685simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1686takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1687several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1688(one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1689separate buffers.
1690
1691To start an IRC session using the default parameters, type M-x irc.
1692If you type C-u M-x irc, it prompts you for the server, nick, port and
1693startup channel parameters before connecting.
1694
1695** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1696customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1697
1698** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1699
1700Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1701sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1702corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1703separate manual.
1704
1705** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1706buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1707
1708** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1709
1710The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1711package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1712to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1713a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1714
1715** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1716filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1717that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1718Emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1719invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1720be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1721
1722** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1723kmacro package.
1724
1725Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1726F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1727the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1728which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1729
1730There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1731defined macros.
1732
1733The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1734defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1735C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1736manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1737C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1738for more commands.
1739
1740The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1741available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1742
1743The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1744before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1745
1746In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1747be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1748this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1749kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1750
1751Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1752C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1753at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1754
1755** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1756the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1757keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1758+, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1759package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1760
1761By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1762`keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1763using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1764the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1765possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1766the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1767
1768The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1769`Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1770`Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1771decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1772`Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1773for Emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1774where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1775`Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1776are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1777or local keymaps.
1778
1779** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1780
1781If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1782the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1783with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1784ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1785printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1786`ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1787
1788** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1789files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1790mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1791which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1792copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1793mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1794referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1795similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1796feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1797
1798** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1799spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1800letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1801viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1802
1803** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1804`text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1805these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1806table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1807can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1808as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1809
1810** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1811various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1812program files that include other program files.
1813
1814Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1815all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1816in them.
1817
1818** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1819move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1820It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1821of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1822
1823There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1824
1825** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1826When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1827restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1828
1829** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1830source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1831
1832** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1833To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1834
1835** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1836"active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1837change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1838settings.
1839
1840** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
1841events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
1842for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
1843
1844** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
1845for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
1846paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
1847instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
1848boundaries during scrolling.
1849
1850** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1851shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1852
1853** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
1854varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
1855var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
1856section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
1857.config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
1858recognized.
1859
1860** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
1861
1862** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1863It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1864
1865** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
1866configuration files.
1867
1868** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
1869This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
1870
1871* Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
1872
1873** Changes in Dired
1874
1875*** Bindings for Image-Dired added.
1876Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
1877added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Image-Dired. As a
1878starting point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d
1879to display thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
1880
1881** Info mode changes
1882
1883*** Images in Info pages are supported.
1884
1885Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
1886Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
1887version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
1888
1889*** `Info-index' offers completion.
1890
1891*** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
1892references and following them calls `browse-url'.
1893
1894*** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
1895
1896Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
1897message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
1898other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
1899around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
1900`Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
1901or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
1902Info node.
1903
1904*** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
1905`Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
1906search without prompting for a new search string.
1907
1908*** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
1909Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
1910possible matches.
1911
1912*** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
1913moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
1914`Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
1915
1916*** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
1917
1918*** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
1919from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
1920
1921*** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
1922the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
1923arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
1924
1925*** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
1926and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
1927
1928*** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
1929with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
1930
1931*** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
1932
1933If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
1934`Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
1935
1936*** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
1937
1938** Emacs server changes
1939
1940*** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
1941
1942 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
1943 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
1944 % emacsclient -s foo file1
1945 % emacsclient -s bar file2
1946
1947*** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
1948`--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
1949expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
1950
1951*** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
1952
1953** Locate changes
1954
1955*** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
1956`locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
1957database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
1958you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
1959`locate-update-when-revert' to t.
1960
1961** Desktop package
1962
1963*** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
1964
1965*** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
1966
1967Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
1968
1969*** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
1970buffer list.
1971
1972*** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
1973immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
1974idle).
1975
1976*** New command line option --no-desktop
1977
1978*** New commands:
1979 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
1980 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
1981 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
1982 it was loaded.
1983 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
1984 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
1985
1986*** New customizable variables:
1987 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
1988 killed.
1989 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
1990 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
1991 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
1992 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
1993 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
1994 should not delete.
1995 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
1996 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
1997 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
1998 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
1999
2000*** New hooks:
2001 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
2002 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
2003
2004** Recentf changes
2005
2006The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2007enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2008automatic cleanup.
2009
2010The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2011keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2012the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2013
2014The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
2015and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
2016keep in the recent list.
2017
2018With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
2019specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
2020example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
2021same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
2022links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
2023
2024To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
2025replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
2026old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
2027
2028** Auto-Revert changes
2029
2030*** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2031
2032If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2033mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2034displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
2035the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
2036just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
2037rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
2038be mode dependent.
2039
2040If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2041then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2042mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2043toggles this mode.
2044
2045*** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2046other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2047revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2048and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2049mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2050`revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2051decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2052that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2053work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2054
2055*** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2056Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2057control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2058which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2059only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2060
2061** Changes in Shell Mode
2062
2063*** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
2064bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
2065is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
2066
2067** Changes in Hi Lock
2068
2069*** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2070`global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2071hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2072warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2073if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2074using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2075buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2076behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2077
2078** Changes in Allout
2079
2080*** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2081decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2082clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2083and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2084symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2085pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2086powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2087allout-encryption customization group.
2088
2089*** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2090avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2091`allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2092
2093*** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2094Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2095asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2096or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2097interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2098
2099*** Many or most commonly occurring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2100Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2101for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2102offspring) is only one level deeper.
2103
2104For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2105topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2106pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2107
2108The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2109
2110This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2111reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2112outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2113prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2114
2115*** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2116topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2117other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2118discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2119leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2120
2121*** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2122end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2123beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2124customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2125`allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2126
2127*** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2128cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2129itself.
2130
2131See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2132`allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2133
2134`allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2135`allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2136invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2137`allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2138the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2139to use than the old version.
2140
2141There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2142coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2143activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2144variable is changed, rather than before.
2145
2146*** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2147instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2148avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2149handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2150
2151*** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2152
2153 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2154 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2155 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2156 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2157 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2158 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2159 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2160 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2161 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2162 the functionality in allout addons.
2163 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2164 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2165 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2166 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2167 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2168 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2169 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2170 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2171 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2172 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2173 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2174 - version number incremented to 2.2
2175
2176** Hideshow mode changes
2177
2178*** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
2179used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
2180handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
2181temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
2182
2183*** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
2184not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
2185block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
2186
2187** FFAP changes
2188
2189*** New ffap commands and keybindings:
2190
2191C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
2192C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
2193C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
2194C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
2195
2196*** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
2197
2198C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
2199argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
2200
2201** Changes in Skeleton
2202
2203*** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
2204
2205`@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
2206sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
2207`skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
2208updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
2209with other details of skeleton construction.
2210
2211*** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
2212`skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
2213`skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
2214`skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
2215as aliases.
2216
2217** HTML/SGML changes
2218
2219*** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2220automatically.
2221
2222*** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2223The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2224When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2225i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2226By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2227from the file name or buffer contents.
2228
2229*** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2230`sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2231alias.
2232
2233*** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2234
2235** TeX modes
2236
2237*** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2238
2239*** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2240
2241*** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2242by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2243command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2244TeX commands to use at startup.
2245
2246*** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2247and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2248
2249** RefTeX mode changes
2250
2251*** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2252
2253The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2254section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2255support for multifile documents.
2256
2257The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2258section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2259Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2260`reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2261buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2262frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2263highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2264with the `d' key.
2265
2266The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2267See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2268
2269Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2270key `M-%'.
2271
2272The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2273location.
2274
2275*** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2276
2277Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2278called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2279`reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2280
2281The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2282with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2283"E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2284citation selection buffer.
2285
2286The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2287cursor as a default search string.
2288
2289The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2290now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2291
2292The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2293can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2294
2295Support for jurabib has been added.
2296
2297*** Global index matched may be verified with a user function.
2298
2299During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2300See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2301
2302*** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2303
2304Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2305considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2306from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2307`reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2308this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2309quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2310
2311*** Miscellaneous changes
2312
2313The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2314configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2315
2316RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2317
2318** BibTeX mode
2319
2320*** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2321point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2322
2323*** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2324an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2325present.
2326
2327*** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2328
2329*** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2330`crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2331for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2332scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2333automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2334`bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2335
2336*** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2337point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2338
2339*** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2340individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2341
2342*** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2343types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2344
2345*** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2346locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2347Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2348
2349*** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2350of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2351
2352*** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2353in multiple BibTeX files.
2354
2355*** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2356automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2357
2358*** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2359of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2360
2361*** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2362use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2363
2364*** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2365bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2366extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2367
2368*** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2369`bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2370`bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2371`bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2372still available as aliases.
2373
2374** GUD changes
2375
2376*** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2377GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2378there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2379state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2380that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2381Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2382breakpoints.
2383
2384To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2385old behaviour.
2386
2387*** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2388and other common debugger commands.
2389
2390*** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2391counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2392
2393*** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2394toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2395`gud-tooltip-mode'.
2396
2397*** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2398display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2399not executing.
2400
2401*** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2402
2403**** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2404Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2405There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2406directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2407`gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2408
2409**** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2410preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2411Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2412
2413**** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2414set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2415traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2416(gud-finish).
2417
2418**** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2419(Java 1.1 jdb).
2420
2421*** Added jdb Customization Variables
2422
2423**** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2424
2425**** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2426method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2427java sources (previous method).
2428
2429**** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2430classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2431is nil).
2432
2433*** Minor Improvements
2434
2435**** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2436instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2437compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2438`starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2439`starttls' tool).
2440
2441**** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2442
2443** Lisp mode changes
2444
2445*** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2446
2447*** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2448
2449*** New features in evaluation commands
2450
2451**** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2452the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2453
2454**** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2455in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2456by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2457function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2458`eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2459
2460** Changes to cmuscheme
2461
2462*** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2463evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2464
2465*** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
2466is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
2467to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2468
2469*** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2470procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2471(`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2472subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2473`scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2474
2475** Ewoc changes
2476
2477*** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
2478
2479*** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
2480a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
2481This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
2482effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
2483anything for those nodes.
2484
2485For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
2486
2487;; NOSEP nil
2488(defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
2489(ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
2490
2491;; NOSEP t
2492(defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
2493(ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
2494
2495** CC mode changes
2496
2497*** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2498The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2499and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2500
2501*** New Minor Modes
2502**** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2503The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2504mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2505users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2506disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2507'l', e.g. "C/al".
2508
2509**** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2510letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2511also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2512
2513*** Support for the AWK language.
2514Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2515based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2516any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2517Here is a summary:
2518
2519**** Indentation Engine
2520The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2521
2522AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2523which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2524placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2525are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2526definition, or structured statement.
2527
2528The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2529mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2530be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2531
2532**** Font Locking
2533There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2534three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2535idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2536the AWK language itself.
2537
2538**** Comment and Movement Commands
2539These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2540been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2541"defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2542extended definition.
2543
2544**** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2545A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2546style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2547c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2548
2549*** Font lock support.
2550CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2551supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2552package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2553locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2554AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2555different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2556
2557The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2558dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2559strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2560declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2561lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2562the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2563demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2564therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2565variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2566
2567Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2568fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2569the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2570with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2571minute.
2572
2573**** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2574are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2575be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2576locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2577properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2578not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2579
2580**** Support for documentation comments.
2581There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2582Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2583language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2584buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2585
2586Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2587Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2588last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2589complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2590of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2591
2592**** Better handling of C++ templates.
2593As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2594now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2595given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2596parens.
2597
2598This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2599work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2600template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2601recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2602not as configurable as it ought to be.
2603
2604**** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2605Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2606The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2607All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2608handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2609
2610*** Changes in Key Sequences
2611**** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2612
2613**** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2614This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2615
2616**** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2617c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2618
2619**** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2620have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2621C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2622commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2623key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2624
2625**** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2626
2627**** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2628
2629*** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2630position(s).
2631
2632*** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2633The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2634now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2635module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2636composition-close, and incomposition.
2637
2638*** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2639The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2640provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2641bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2642of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2643
2644*** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2645
2646The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2647implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2648list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2649includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2650
2651Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2652based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2653
2654*** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2655
2656The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2657and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2658attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2659cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2660
2661((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2662
2663is now analyzed as
2664
2665((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2666
2667In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2668symbol.
2669
2670This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2671directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2672`c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2673functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2674cdr.
2675
2676*** API changes for derived modes.
2677
2678There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2679derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2680incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2681care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2682Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2683
2684**** New language variable system.
2685These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2686languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2687
2688**** New initialization functions.
2689The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2690give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2691`c-init-language-vars'.
2692
2693*** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2694The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2695several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2696now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2697
2698This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2699although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2700gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2701where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2702it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2703
2704**** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2705This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2706its substatement. E.g:
2707
2708 if (x)
2709 x_is_true:
2710 do_stuff();
2711
2712*** Better handling of multiline macros.
2713
2714**** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2715The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2716syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2717variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2718`cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2719inside `#define's.
2720
2721**** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2722
2723Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2724of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2725is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2726removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2727much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2728empty lines within the macro better.
2729
2730**** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2731This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2732`c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2733
2734**** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2735`c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2736variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2737backslashes can be moved.
2738
2739**** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2740This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2741affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2742inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2743
2744**** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2745Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2746inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2747line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2748indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2749backslash) in the macro.
2750
2751*** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2752The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2753the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2754based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2755#else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2756cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2757
2758*** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2759It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2760
2761*** New clean-ups
2762
2763**** `comment-close-slash'.
2764With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2765typing a slash at the start of a line.
2766
2767**** `c-one-liner-defun'
2768This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2769pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2770
2771*** New lineup functions
2772
2773**** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2774This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2775continues. E.g:
2776
2777result = prefix + "A message "
2778 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2779
2780**** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2781Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2782
2783**** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2784Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2785the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2786
2787**** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2788Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2789
2790**** `c-lineup-argcont'
2791Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2792
2793*** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2794The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2795syntactic indentation.
2796
2797*** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2798CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2799of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2800places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2801improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2802moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2803
2804The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2805opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2806only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2807file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2808context.
2809
2810*** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2811Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2812"invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2813happen when macros are involved.
2814
2815*** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2816It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2817whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2818point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2819Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2820line is left untouched.
2821
2822** Changes in Makefile mode
2823
2824*** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2825
2826The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2827are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2828faces.
2829
2830*** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2831to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2832available as alias.
2833
2834** Sql changes
2835
2836*** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
2837SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
2838buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
2839session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
2840SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
2841
2842The following values are supported:
2843
2844 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
2845 db2 DB2
2846 informix Informix
2847 ingres Ingres
2848 interbase Interbase
2849 linter Linter
2850 ms Microsoft
2851 mysql MySQL
2852 oracle Oracle
2853 postgres Postgres
2854 solid Solid
2855 sqlite SQLite
2856 sybase Sybase
2857
2858The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
2859SQL mode indicator.
2860
2861The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
2862your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
2863`sql-product' to accomplish this.
2864
2865ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
2866
2867*** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
2868font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
2869all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
2870you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
2871
2872 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
2873 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
2874
2875*** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
2876
2877Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
2878highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
2879
2880*** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
2881
2882Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
2883sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
2884osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
2885are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
2886terminated.
2887
2888If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
2889called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
2890credentials to authenticate the user.
2891
2892*** Postgres support is enhanced.
2893Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
2894the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
2895
2896*** MySQL support is enhanced.
2897Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
2898
2899*** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
2900packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
2901defaults.
2902
2903*** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
2904appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
2905`sql-product'.
2906
2907*** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
2908
2909** Fortran mode changes
2910
2911*** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2912It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2913majority.
2914
2915*** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2916`f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2917`f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2918`fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2919
2920*** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2921highlighting for the old default.
2922
2923*** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2924Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2925Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2926
2927*** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2928the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2929
2930** Miscellaneous programming mode changes
2931
2932*** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2933preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2934
2935*** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2936
2937*** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2938to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2939bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2940C-c C-i b, and so on.
2941
2942*** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2943to support use of font-lock.
2944
2945** VC Changes
2946
2947*** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
2948
2949*** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
2950are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
2951
2952These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
2953are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
2954specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
2955
2956*** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
2957(toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
2958
2959We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
2960were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
2961behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
2962`.emacs' file:
2963
2964 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
2965
2966The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
2967
2968*** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
2969
2970In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
2971enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
2972to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
2973
2974 P: annotates the previous revision
2975 N: annotates the next revision
2976 J: annotates the revision at line
2977 A: annotates the revision previous to line
2978 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
2979 L: shows the log of the revision at line
2980 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
2981
2982** pcl-cvs changes
2983
2984*** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
2985between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
2986in the repository.
2987
2988*** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
2989anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
2990`checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
2991-rBASE -rHEAD.
2992
2993** Diff changes
2994
2995*** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2996
2997*** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2998
2999These are the new bindings:
3000
3001C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
3002C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
3003C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
3004C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
3005C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
3006
3007To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
3008In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
3009in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
3010
3011** EDiff changes.
3012
3013*** When comparing directories.
3014Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3015directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3016from one directory to another.
3017
3018*** When comparing files or buffers.
3019Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3020currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3021then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3022comparison.
3023
3024*** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3025backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3026`ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3027
3028** Etags changes.
3029
3030*** New regular expressions features
3031
3032**** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3033
3034The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3035only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3036--regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3037where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3038more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3039(single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3040expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3041(which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3042span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3043and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3044
3045**** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3046
3047The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3048respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3049CR, TAB, VT.
3050
3051**** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3052
3053The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3054only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3055particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3056
3057**** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3058
3059The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3060per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3061
3062*** New language parsing features
3063
3064**** New language HTML.
3065
3066Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3067when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3068
3069**** New language PHP.
3070
3071Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3072specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3073
3074**** New language Lua.
3075
3076All functions are tagged.
3077
3078**** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3079
3080Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3081
3082**** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3083
3084**** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3085
3086**** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3087
3088If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3089size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3090
3091**** In Perl, packages are tags.
3092
3093Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3094as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3095package::sub.
3096
3097**** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3098
3099**** New default keywords for TeX.
3100
3101The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3102renewenvironment.
3103
3104*** Honor #line directives.
3105
3106When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3107directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3108specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3109created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3110writes tags pointing to the source file.
3111
3112*** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3113
3114This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3115be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3116reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3117the file FILE.
3118
3119*** The --members option is now the default.
3120
3121Use --no-members if you want the old default behaviour of not tagging
3122struct members in C, members variables in C++ and variables in PHP.
3123
3124** Ctags changes.
3125
3126*** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
3127
3128** Rmail changes
3129
3130*** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3131
3132This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3133mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3134without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3135and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3136used instead of the native one.
3137
3138*** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3139by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3140Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3141
3142*** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3143
3144** Gnus package
3145
3146*** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3147
3148Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3149PGP/MIME.
3150
3151*** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3152
3153See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3154
3155** MH-E changes.
3156
3157Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3158version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3159
3160** Miscellaneous mail changes
3161
3162*** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3163`default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3164auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3165
3166*** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3167
3168See the documentation of the user option `display-time-mail-directory'.
3169
3170** Calendar changes
3171
3172*** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3173convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3174
3175*** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3176diary entries.
3177
3178*** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3179and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3180from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3181`diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3182formats.
3183
3184*** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3185use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3186`appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3187`appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3188
3189*** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3190This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3191and `diary-header-line-format'.
3192
3193*** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3194Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3195`diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3196which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3197how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3198single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3199day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3200face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3201appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3202
3203*** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
3204< means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
3205
3206*** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3207the calendar left or right.
3208
3209*** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3210year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3211count backward from the end of the year.
3212
3213*** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3214prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3215day of that ISO week.
3216
3217*** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3218optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3219rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3220`christian-holidays' simpler.
3221
3222*** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3223window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3224
3225** Speedbar changes
3226
3227*** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3228the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3229
3230*** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3231contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3232
3233*** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3234
3235*** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3236`speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3237respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3238its descendents.
3239
3240*** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3241means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3242
3243*** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3244how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3245means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3246to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3247deletion.
3248
3249*** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3250to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3251value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3252speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3253that number to `other-frame'.
3254
3255*** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3256keymap.
3257
3258*** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3259`dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3260should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3261`speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3262`dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3263`dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3264`speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3265`speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3266obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3267
3268** battery.el changes
3269
3270*** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3271
3272*** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3273
3274** Games
3275
3276*** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3277
3278`mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3279default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3280automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3281
3282** Obsolete and deleted packages
3283
3284*** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3285
3286*** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3287
3288*** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3289
3290*** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3291
3292** Miscellaneous
3293
3294*** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' is renamed
3295to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
3296variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
3297automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
3298at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
3299
3300*** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
3301filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
3302functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
3303
3304Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
3305`fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
3306`fill-nobreak-predicate'.
3307
3308*** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
3309with special modes such as Tar mode.
3310
3311*** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
3312
3313*** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3314
3315When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3316include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3317Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3318to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3319and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3320feature.
3321
3322*** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
3323bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
3324incompatible change.
3325
3326*** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3327and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3328you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3329annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3330
3331*** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3332
3333Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3334`ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3335fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3336
3337*** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3338This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3339the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3340using strokes as an input method.
3341
3342*** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
3343of the file that precede the first header line.
3344
3345*** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3346to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3347changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3348
3349*** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
3350renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
3351available as alias.
3352
3353*** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
3354by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
3355and `C-c C-r'.
3356
3357*** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3358
3359*** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3360
3361M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3362argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3363the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3364
3365*** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3366`file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3367
3368*** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
3369
3370When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
3371starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
3372
3373*** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
3374resync points in both windows.
3375
3376*** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
3377when Emacs visits them.
3378
3379*** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
3380
3381*** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3382
3383To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3384separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3385byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3386variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3387
3388*** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3389
3390*** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
3391run most curses applications now.
3392
3393*** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3394
3395Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3396use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3397inverse-video.
3398
3399
3400* Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3401
3402** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3403
3404If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3405environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3406using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3407the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3408localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3409of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3410where USERNAME is your user name.
3411
3412This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3413shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3414read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3415
3416** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3417
3418PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3419depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3420to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3421http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3422zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3423against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3424
3425** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3426
3427WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3428as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3429Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3430sound support for those formats.
3431
3432** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3433
3434See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3435
3436** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3437
3438The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3439whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3440pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3441
3442** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3443
3444You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3445existing values. For example:
3446
3447 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3448
3449will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3450irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3451
3452** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3453
3454The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3455the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3456colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3457default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3458some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3459`list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3460you wish to use them in other faces.
3461
3462** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3463
3464Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3465through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3466a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3467w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3468windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3469setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3470that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3471defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3472other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3473w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3474
3475** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3476
3477The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3478
3479** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3480
3481This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the
3482cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3483When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible
3484instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by
3485some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows
3486the caret visibility to be manually toggled.
3487
3488** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3489
3490Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3491multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3492MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3493the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3494any customizations.
3495
3496** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3497
3498** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3499`kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3500`kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3501
3502** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3503`mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3504
3505* Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3506
3507** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3508:propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3509`risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3510
3511The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3512
3513 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3514
3515Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3516argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3517deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3518
3519** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3520user just types RET.
3521
3522** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3523been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3524
3525** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3526be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3527
3528** The explicit method of creating a display table element by
3529combining a face number and a character code into a numeric
3530glyph code is deprecated.
3531
3532Instead, the new functions `make-glyph-code', `glyph-char', and
3533`glyph-face' must be used to create and decode glyph codes in
3534display tables.
3535
3536** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3537the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3538`substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3539`undefined'.)
3540
3541** The third argument of `accept-process-output' is now milliseconds.
3542It used to be microseconds.
3543
3544** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3545(FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3546OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3547`file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3548
3549** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3550input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3551handle these events.
3552
3553** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3554there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3555
3556** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3557
3558
3559* Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3560
3561** General Lisp changes:
3562
3563*** New syntax: \s now stands for the SPACE character.
3564
3565`?\s' is a new way to write the space character. You must make sure
3566it is not followed by a dash, since `?\s-...' indicates the "super"
3567modifier. However, it would be strange to write a character constant
3568and a following symbol (beginning with `-') with no space between
3569them.
3570
3571`\s' stands for space in strings, too, but it is not really meant for
3572strings; it is easier and nicer just to write a space.
3573
3574*** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
3575
3576For instance, you can use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of
3577CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA, or `"U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting
3578of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA (the latter is greater than
3579#xFFFF and thus needs the longer syntax).
3580
3581This syntax works for both character constants and strings.
3582
3583*** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3584
3585It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3586dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3587(calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3588
3589*** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3590
3591*** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3592that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3593
3594*** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3595
3596`string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
3597`booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is t or nil.
3598
3599*** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3600
3601*** Minor change in the function `format'.
3602
3603Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3604longer accepted.
3605
3606*** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3607
3608If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3609list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3610Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3611
3612*** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3613associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3614
3615*** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3616
3617Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3618history lists.
3619
3620If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3621the new element from the history list it updates.
3622
3623*** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3624
3625It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3626
3627*** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3628
3629It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3630occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3631first one.
3632
3633*** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3634
3635(rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3636CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3637
3638*** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3639
3640They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3641cyclic.
3642
3643*** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3644
3645They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3646the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3647
3648*** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3649
3650For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3651default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3652separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3653(1.5 3.5 5.5).
3654
3655*** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3656
3657They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3658
3659*** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3660The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3661negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3662
3663*** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3664
3665When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3666angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3667equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3668
3669*** New macro `with-case-table'
3670
3671This executes the body with the case table temporarily set to a given
3672case table.
3673
3674*** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3675
3676A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3677`with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3678the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3679
3680This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3681inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3682
3683*** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3684
3685This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3686
3687*** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3688evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3689it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3690
3691This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3692
3693*** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3694
3695It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3696One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3697if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3698
3699*** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3700
3701You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3702formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3703specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3704names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3705
3706*** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3707
3708When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3709numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3710relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3711
3712When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3713also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3714
3715*** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3716
3717If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3718
3719*** New hook `command-error-function'.
3720
3721By setting this variable to a function, you can control
3722how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
3723
3724*** `debug-on-entry' accepts primitive functions that are not special forms.
3725
3726** Lisp code indentation features:
3727
3728*** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3729
3730These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3731and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3732
3733 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3734
3735DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3736possible declaration specifiers are:
3737
3738(indent INDENT)
3739 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3740
3741(edebug DEBUG)
3742 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3743 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3744 but this is cleaner.)
3745
3746*** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3747
3748See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3749
3750*** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3751
3752The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3753`lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3754be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
3755forms.
3756
3757** Variable aliases:
3758
3759*** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
3760
3761This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
3762symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
3763returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
3764changes the value of BASE-VAR.
3765
3766DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
3767the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
3768
3769*** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
3770`make-obsolete-variable'.
3771
3772*** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
3773
3774This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
3775of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
3776defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
3777
3778It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
3779variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
3780
3781** defcustom changes:
3782
3783*** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
3784`customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
3785Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
3786variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
3787
3788*** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
3789
3790** String changes:
3791
3792*** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
3793
3794*** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
3795
3796*** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
3797multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
3798
3799*** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
3800the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
3801SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
3802nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
3803empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
3804
3805*** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
3806`assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
3807been declared obsolete.
3808
3809*** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
3810text properties.
3811
3812** Displaying warnings to the user.
3813
3814See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
3815If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
3816facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
3817warnings in a separate window.
3818
3819** Progress reporters.
3820
3821These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
3822progress messages for the user.
3823
3824See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
3825`progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
3826`progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
3827
3828** Buffer positions:
3829
3830*** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
3831width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
3832the usable window height and width is used.
3833
3834*** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
3835modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
3836taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
3837large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
3838`auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
3839
3840*** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
3841
3842It defaults to 1.
3843
3844*** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
3845
3846It defaults to 1.
3847
3848*** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
3849
3850This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
3851give up and return LIMIT.
3852
3853*** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
3854information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
3855window's display is up-to-date.
3856
3857*** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
3858
3859It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
3860
3861*** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
3862and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
3863arg is non-nil.
3864
3865*** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
3866click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
3867position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
3868
3869*** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
3870
3871This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
3872functionality.
3873
3874** Text modification:
3875
3876*** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
3877tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
3878is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
3879tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
3880unchanged.
3881
3882*** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
3883removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
3884and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
3885
3886*** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
3887`insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
3888in `insert-buffer-substring'.
3889
3890*** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
3891`insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
3892inserted substring.
3893
3894*** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
3895substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
3896the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
3897`delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
3898data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
3899
3900The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
3901`buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
3902`buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
3903text.
3904
3905*** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
3906argument.
3907
3908*** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
3909is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
3910be inserted is translated through it.
3911
3912*** Text clones.
3913
3914The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
3915that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
3916clone to the other.
3917
3918*** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
3919
3920** Filling changes.
3921
3922*** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
3923`adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
3924`adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
3925
3926** Atomic change groups.
3927
3928To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
3929they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
3930around the code that makes changes. For instance:
3931
3932 (atomic-change-group
3933 (insert foo)
3934 (delete-region x y))
3935
3936If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
3937`atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
3938were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
3939on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
3940
3941If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
3942lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
3943
3944To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
3945Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
3946This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
3947the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
3948
3949Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
3950group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
3951do this.
3952
3953After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
3954either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
3955`accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
3956call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
3957
3958You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
3959finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
3960`unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
3961(This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
3962`activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
3963group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
3964twice.
3965
3966To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
3967for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
3968returned values, like this:
3969
3970 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
3971 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
3972
3973You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
3974to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
3975`accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
3976
3977Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
3978would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
3979will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
3980change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
3981finished.
3982
3983** Buffer-related changes:
3984
3985*** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
3986binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
3987have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
3988value of VARIABLE instead.
3989
3990*** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
3991
3992If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
3993
3994*** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
3995
3996*** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
3997various status records in parallel.
3998
3999It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4000then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4001`frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4002order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4003time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4004`frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4005it returns nil.
4006
4007On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4008value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4009vector into the variable and returns t.
4010
4011If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4012for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4013purpose.
4014
4015*** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4016the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4017prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4018in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4019
4020** Searching and matching changes:
4021
4022*** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4023the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4024back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4025
4026*** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4027for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4028regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4029expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4030
4031Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4032`*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4033
4034*** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4035
4036These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4037non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4038specified by the syntax table.
4039
4040*** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4041character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4042characters and ranges.
4043
4044*** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4045properties from surrounding text.
4046
4047*** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4048element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4049accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4050
4051*** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4052argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4053passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4054
4055*** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-start' and `symbol-end' elements.
4056
4057*** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4058variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4059that end a sentence without following spaces.
4060
4061The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4062variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4063this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4064`sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4065`sentence-end-without-space'.
4066
4067** Undo changes:
4068
4069*** `buffer-undo-list' allows programmable elements.
4070
4071These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4072a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4073that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4074
4075These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4076which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4077range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4078
4079*** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4080`undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4081it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4082
4083** Killing and yanking changes:
4084
4085*** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4086previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4087
4088The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4089elements with the following format:
4090 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4091
4092The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4093the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4094element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4095the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4096
4097 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4098to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4099 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4100passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4101`yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4102rectangle.
4103 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4104`yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4105responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4106if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4107 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4108by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4109called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4110FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4111
4112*** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4113optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4114the killed text.
4115
4116*** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4117`yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4118`yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4119`insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4120element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4121
4122*** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4123`yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4124string. The old behavior is available if you call
4125`insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4126
4127** Syntax table changes:
4128
4129*** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4130current syntactic context at point.
4131
4132*** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4133of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4134of text properties as well as the character code.
4135
4136*** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4137by `syntax-after').
4138
4139*** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4140
4141** File operation changes:
4142
4143*** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4144searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4145
4146*** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4147`locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4148lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4149try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4150of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4151of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4152further filter candidate files.
4153
4154One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4155`exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4156executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4157
4158*** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4159non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4160its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4161The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4162
4163*** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4164before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4165tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4166sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4167
4168*** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4169specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4170many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4171`file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4172
4173*** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4174ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4175`.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4176
4177*** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4178`save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4179it's modified).
4180
4181*** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4182formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4183
4184*** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4185a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4186
4187*** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4188
4189Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4190`find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4191that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4192handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4193of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4194
4195*** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4196
4197You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4198symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4199the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4200operations.
4201
4202This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4203autoloaded when not really necessary.
4204
4205*** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4206name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4207
4208*** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4209PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4210
4211*** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4212modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4213operation.
4214
4215** Input changes:
4216
4217*** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4218display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4219using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4220
4221*** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4222have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4223maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4224this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4225
4226*** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4227the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4228previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4229
4230*** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4231much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4232it returns just the directory name.
4233
4234*** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4235arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4236quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4237finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4238BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4239
4240*** `recent-keys' now returns the last 300 keys.
4241
4242** Minibuffer changes:
4243
4244*** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4245buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4246defaults to the current buffer.
4247
4248*** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4249was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4250
4251*** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4252specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4253new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4254while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4255variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4256
4257*** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4258to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4259
4260*** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4261whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4262`read-file-name' function.
4263
4264*** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4265
4266It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4267for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4268
4269*** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4270elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4271add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4272afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4273
4274** Completion changes:
4275
4276*** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4277of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4278operate on.
4279
4280*** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4281of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4282and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4283exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4284strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4285
4286*** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4287as a dynamic completion table.
4288
4289 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4290
4291FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4292and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4293completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4294can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4295minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4296entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4297
4298*** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4299as a lazy completion table.
4300
4301 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4302
4303If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4304as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4305arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4306If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4307from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4308`lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4309
4310** Abbrev changes:
4311
4312*** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4313
4314If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4315that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4316abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4317specify this flag.
4318
4319*** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4320
4321It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4322
4323** Enhancements to keymaps.
4324
4325*** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4326
4327You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4328same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4329example,
4330
4331(kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4332
4333Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4334
4335*** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4336
4337This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4338to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4339binding and lookup functionality.
4340
4341When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4342remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4343original command.
4344
4345Example:
4346Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4347`my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4348bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4349`kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4350`kill-word'.
4351
4352Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4353command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4354`my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4355
4356 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4357 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4358
4359When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4360when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4361
4362Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4363means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4364runs `my-kill-line'.
4365
4366The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4367
4368- Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4369 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4370 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4371 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4372
4373- The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4374 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4375
4376- `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4377 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4378
4379- `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4380 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4381 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4382 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4383 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4384 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4385
4386- The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4387 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4388 command was not remapped.
4389
4390*** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4391key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4392
4393*** New keymaps for typing file names
4394
4395Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4396`minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4397Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4398the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4399names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4400the spaces).
4401
4402*** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4403active keymaps.
4404
4405*** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4406defined keys and their definitions.
4407
4408*** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4409
4410*** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4411over minor mode keymaps.
4412
4413*** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4414text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4415works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4416
4417*** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4418keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4419sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4420position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4421possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4422
4423*** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4424
4425*** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4426in the keymap.
4427
4428*** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4429
4430Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4431keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4432keymap alist to this list.
4433
4434*** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4435
4436Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4437bindings of the parent keymap.
4438
4439** Enhancements to process support
4440
4441*** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4442
4443On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4444output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4445very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4446by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4447non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4448from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4449Emacs tries to read it.
4450
4451*** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4452maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4453
4454Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4455and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4456`process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4457entire property list of a process.
4458
4459*** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4460it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4461
4462*** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4463
4464These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4465function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4466functions.
4467
4468*** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4469
4470This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4471
4472*** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4473obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4474`default-directory'.
4475
4476*** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4477name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4478
4479*** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4480JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4481is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4482integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4483recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4484speech synthesis.
4485
4486*** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4487if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4488
4489That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4490`default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4491you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4492
4493*** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4494multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4495
4496*** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4497multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4498
4499*** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4500buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4501to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4502Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4503which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4504
4505** Enhanced networking support.
4506
4507*** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4508It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4509create a stream or datagram server inside Emacs.
4510
4511- A server is started using :server t arg.
4512- Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4513- A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4514- Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4515- IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4516 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4517- Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4518- The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4519 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4520 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4521
4522To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4523 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4524 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4525
4526*** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4527
4528*** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4529
4530Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4531process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4532the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4533
4534An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
45354 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4536
4537*** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4538
4539These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4540connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4541stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4542stopped state.
4543
4544*** New function `format-network-address'.
4545
4546This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4547to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4548number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4549printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4550string for other formatting options.
4551
4552*** New function `network-interface-list'.
4553
4554This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4555current network addresses.
4556
4557*** New function `network-interface-info'.
4558
4559This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4560status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4561
4562*** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4563
4564These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4565and set the current address of the remote partner.
4566
4567*** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4568
4569The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4570process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4571connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4572"connection broken by remote peer".
4573
4574** Using window objects:
4575
4576*** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4577
4578A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4579line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4580`header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4581cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4582variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4583
4584*** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4585actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4586divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4587the mode line.
4588
4589*** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4590return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4591
4592*** New function `window-body-height'.
4593
4594This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4595header line.
4596
4597*** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4598or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4599
4600*** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4601selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4602It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4603
4604*** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4605
4606This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4607
4608*** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4609of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4610by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4611buffer.
4612
4613*** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4614
4615If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4616and scroll-bar settings.
4617
4618*** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4619
4620*** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4621argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4622dedicated windows.
4623
4624** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4625
4626*** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4627that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4628bitmap of the display line.
4629
4630Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
4631symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
4632`define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
4633for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
4634When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
4635
4636*** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4637`fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4638and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4639This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4640physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4641be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4642
4643*** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4644fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4645
4646*** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4647or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4648
4649*** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4650used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4651with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4652foreground color of the bitmap.
4653
4654*** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
4655bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
4656
4657** Other window fringe features:
4658
4659*** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
4660
4661The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
4662can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
4663frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
4664Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
4665
4666The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
4667specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
4668integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
4669between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
4670specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
4671only the left fringe gets the specified width).
4672
4673Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
4674width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
4675of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
4676fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
4677
4678*** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
4679
4680**** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
4681position settings.
4682
4683To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
4684variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
4685`set-window-fringes'.
4686
4687To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
4688are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
4689or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
4690`fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
4691
4692The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
4693settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
4694`fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
4695displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
4696an update of the display margins.
4697
4698**** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
4699controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
4700
4701To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
4702variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
4703`set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
4704used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
4705`scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
4706the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
4707of the display margins.
4708
4709** Redisplay features:
4710
4711*** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
4712
4713*** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
4714
4715*** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
4716available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
4717an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
4718
4719*** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
4720one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
4721contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
4722changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
4723forcing an explicit window update.
4724
4725*** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
4726to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
4727a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
4728
4729Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
4730does that, this value cannot be accurate.
4731
4732*** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
4733variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
4734
4735It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
4736markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
4737
4738Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
4739and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
4740string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
4741systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
4742If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
4743'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
4744
4745*** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
4746
4747A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
4748properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
4749
4750If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
4751contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
4752newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
4753newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
4754slices without adding blank areas between the images.
4755
4756If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
4757specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
4758height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
4759
4760If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
4761height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
4762the given value.
4763
4764If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
4765minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
4766RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
4767
4768If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
4769height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
4770
4771If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
4772the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
4773described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
4774varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
4775exactly that many pixels high.
4776
4777If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
4778is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
4779overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
4780the `line-spacing' variable.
4781
4782If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
4783is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
4784
4785*** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
4786which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
4787
4788*** Enhancements to stretch display properties
4789
4790The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
4791PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
4792specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
4793
4794The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
4795which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
4796are supported:
4797
4798EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
4799NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
4800UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
4801ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
4802 | scroll-bar | text
4803POS ::= left | center | right
4804FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
4805OP ::= + | -
4806
4807The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
4808frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
4809pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
4810is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
4811pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
4812`height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
4813font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
4814the image.
4815
4816The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
4817`scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
4818corresponding area of the window.
4819
4820The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
4821to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
4822of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
4823can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
4824relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
4825a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
4826these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
4827the width of the area.
4828
4829For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
4830 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
4831
4832If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
4833to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
4834header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
4835
4836The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
4837the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
4838width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
4839height) of the specified image.
4840
4841The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
4842The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
4843
4844*** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
4845text property string that may be present at the current window
4846position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
4847strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
4848
4849*** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
4850supported on text terminals.
4851
4852*** Support for displaying image slices
4853
4854**** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
4855an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
4856
4857**** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
4858specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
4859
4860**** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
4861specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
4862
4863*** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
4864
4865An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
4866An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
4867A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
4868pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
4869A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
4870and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
4871A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
4872vector describes one corner in the polygon.
4873
4874When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
4875PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
4876property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
4877a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
4878it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
4879for possible pointer shapes.
4880
4881When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
4882an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
4883mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
4884
4885*** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
4886The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
4887search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
4888in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
4889Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
4890you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
4891explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
4892
4893 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
4894
4895Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
4896moved to etc/images.
4897
4898*** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
4899search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
4900external packages to save users from having to update
4901`image-load-path'.
4902
4903*** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
4904images that Emacs will load and display.
4905
4906*** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
4907override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
4908`display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
4909
4910** Mouse pointer features:
4911
4912*** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
4913line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
4914controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
4915is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
4916(or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
4917
4918*** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
4919:pointer image property.
4920
4921*** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
4922controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
4923
4924** Mouse event enhancements:
4925
4926*** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
4927you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
4928a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
4929
4930*** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
4931or `right-fringe' as the area.
4932
4933*** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
4934and all areas.
4935
4936*** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
4937
4938*** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
4939the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
4940
4941*** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
4942(image or character) clicked on.
4943
4944*** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
4945
4946*** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
4947
4948*** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
4949text area).
4950
4951*** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
4952of the mouse event position.
4953
4954*** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
4955
4956These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
4957pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
4958the total width and height of that object.
4959
4960** Text property and overlay changes:
4961
4962*** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
4963remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
4964
4965*** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
4966
4967This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
4968properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
4969although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
4970to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
4971
4972*** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
4973arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
4974return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
4975whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
4976it was found as a text property or not found at all.
4977
4978*** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
4979
4980It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
4981property names as argument rather than a property list.
4982
4983** Face changes
4984
4985*** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
4986Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
4987needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
4988the faces to include in the face menu.
4989
4990*** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
4991the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
4992define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
4993look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
4994is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
4995makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
4996
4997*** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
4998whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
4999
5000A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5001specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5002defined with `defface'.
5003
5004*** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5005or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5006`defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5007the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5008directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5009
5010*** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5011`default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5012defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5013by them).
5014
5015*** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5016whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5017not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5018
5019*** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5020
5021These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5022face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5023attribute.
5024
5025*** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5026help with handling relative face attributes.
5027
5028*** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5029
5030If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5031faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5032releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5033so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5034`face' properties.
5035
5036*** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5037(or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5038'((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5039point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5040SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5041
5042*** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5043with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5044not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5045or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5046was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5047
5048*** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5049the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5050
5051** Font-Lock changes:
5052
5053*** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5054
5055This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5056M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5057property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5058new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5059
5060*** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5061
5062**** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5063form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5064properties than `face'.
5065
5066**** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5067extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5068
5069*** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5070
5071If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5072(see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5073be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5074depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5075is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5076
5077 s{
5078 foo
5079 }{
5080 bar
5081 }e
5082
5083Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5084text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5085property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5086refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5087
5088*** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5089the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5090up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5091of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5092
5093** Major mode mechanism changes:
5094
5095*** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5096looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
5097
5098*** New variable `magic-fallback-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5099looking at the file contents. It is handled after `auto-mode-alist',
5100only if `auto-mode-alist' (and `magic-mode-alist') says nothing about the file.
5101
5102*** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5103or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5104
5105*** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
5106file name when setting the major mode.
5107
5108*** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
5109Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
5110`auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails. This
5111means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file
5112PROG.HTML is opened in html-mode. Note however, that independent of
5113this setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files. It also
5114has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
5115
5116*** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5117`after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5118hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5119
5120*** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5121locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5122the language.
5123
5124*** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5125
5126*** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5127are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5128parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5129
5130*** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5131It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5132
5133*** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5134property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5135it in that buffer.
5136
5137** Minor mode changes:
5138
5139*** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5140and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5141
5142*** `define-globalized-minor-mode'.
5143
5144This is a new name for what was formerly called
5145`easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5146
5147*** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5148
5149** Command loop changes:
5150
5151*** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5152have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5153calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5154
5155Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5156INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5157
5158*** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5159
5160If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5161called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5162macros.
5163
5164*** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5165within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5166covered by an image or composition property.
5167
5168This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5169This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5170unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5171(including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5172`post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5173
5174*** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5175enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5176During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5177is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5178the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5179
5180*** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5181been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5182`disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5183
5184*** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5185when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5186
5187*** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5188
5189** Lisp file loading changes:
5190
5191*** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5192which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5193current file redefined it).
5194
5195*** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5196defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5197
5198*** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5199variable or face definitions.
5200
5201*** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5202to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5203and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5204
5205*** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5206Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5207than 3 levels of nesting.
5208
5209** Byte compiler changes:
5210
5211*** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5212position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5213warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5214for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5215compilation output buffer.
5216
5217*** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5218inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5219
5220*** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5221simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5222useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5223Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5224forms:
5225
5226 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5227 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5228
5229In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5230won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5231second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5232unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5233macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5234`unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5235
5236*** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5237helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5238Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5239efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5240generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5241you anything.
5242
5243*** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5244
5245*** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5246now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5247(require 'cl) when loaded.
5248
5249** Frame operations:
5250
5251*** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5252
5253These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5254horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5255
5256*** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5257for all (existing and future) frames.
5258
5259*** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5260for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5261number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5262Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5263
5264*** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5265the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5266
5267** Mode line changes:
5268
5269*** New function `format-mode-line'.
5270
5271This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5272specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5273
5274*** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5275used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5276
5277*** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5278to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5279line.
5280
5281*** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5282
5283** Menu manipulation changes:
5284
5285*** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5286proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5287"files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5288several versions ago.
5289
5290*** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5291If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5292as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5293
5294This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5295made with easy-menu.
5296
5297*** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5298if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5299into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5300need to have a name.
5301
5302** Mule changes:
5303
5304*** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5305
5306Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5307from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5308buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5309now:
5310
53111. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5312
53132. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5314the time it takes to convert the format.
5315
53163. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5317wasteful.
5318
5319*** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5320to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5321for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5322file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5323
5324*** The new variable `ascii-case-table' stores the case table for the
5325ascii character set. Language environments (such as Turkish) may
5326alter the case correspondences of ASCII characters. This variable
5327saves the original ASCII case table before any such changes.
5328
5329*** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5330of one coding system from another coding system.
5331
5332*** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5333the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5334parts, e.g. utf-16.
5335
5336*** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5337it is read from a file without decoding.
5338
5339*** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5340hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5341
5342*** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5343current input method to input a character.
5344
5345*** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5346NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5347
5348** Operating system access:
5349
5350*** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5351run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5352
5353*** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5354user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5355accepts a float as UID parameter.
5356
5357*** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5358
5359*** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5360The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5361formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5362
5363*** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5364debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5365
5366** GC changes:
5367
5368*** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5369as the heap size increases.
5370
5371*** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5372on garbage collection.
5373
5374*** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5375
5376The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5377
5378** Miscellaneous:
5379
5380*** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5381
5382`find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5383`find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5384`write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5385`write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5386`x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5387`x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5388`delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5389
5390In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5391
5392*** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5393
5394Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5395
5396*** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5397running under X.
5398
5399* New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5400
5401** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5402buttons' in Emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5403`widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5404doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5405such things as help and apropos buffers.
5406
5407** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5408of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5409well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5410
5411** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5412binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5413data structures.
5414
5415** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5416buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5417
5418It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5419and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5420buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5421commands.
5422
5423This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5424sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5425SQL buffer.
5426
5427(add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5428 (function (lambda ()
5429 (master-mode t)
5430 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5431(add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5432 (function (lambda ()
5433 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5434
5435** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5436
5437This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5438
5439** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5440
5441This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5442code. It works with edebug.
5443
5444The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5445file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5446overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5447is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5448will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5449
5450Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5451evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5452value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5453complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5454skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5455value, such as (setq x 14).
5456
5457For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5458help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5459red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5460return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5461This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5462an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5463
5464
5465
5466----------------------------------------------------------------------
5467This file is part of GNU Emacs.
5468
5469GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5470it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5471the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
5472any later version.
5473
5474GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
5475but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
5476MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
5477GNU General Public License for more details.
5478
5479You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
5480along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
5481Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
5482Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
5483
5484
5485Local variables:
5486mode: outline
5487paragraph-separate: "[ ]*$"
5488end:
5489
5490arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793
diff --git a/etc/PROBLEMS b/etc/PROBLEMS
index 8914f95c74f..317d7d70783 100644
--- a/etc/PROBLEMS
+++ b/etc/PROBLEMS
@@ -148,6 +148,20 @@ Reportedly this patch in X fixes the problem.
148 } 148 }
149 return ret; 149 return ret;
150 150
151** Emacs crashes on startup after a glibc upgrade.
152
153This is caused by a binary incompatible change to the malloc
154implementation in glibc 2.5.90-22. As a result, Emacs binaries built
155using prior versions of glibc crash when run under 2.5.90-22.
156
157This problem was first seen in pre-release versions of Fedora 7, and
158may be fixed in the final Fedora 7 release. To stop the crash from
159happening, first try upgrading to the newest version of glibc; if this
160does not work, rebuild Emacs with the same version of glibc that you
161will run it under. For details, see
162
163https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=239344
164
151* Crash bugs 165* Crash bugs
152 166
153** Emacs crashes in x-popup-dialog. 167** Emacs crashes in x-popup-dialog.
@@ -2442,6 +2456,27 @@ This results from a bug in a VERY old version of GNU Sed. To solve
2442the problem, install the current version of GNU Sed, then rerun 2456the problem, install the current version of GNU Sed, then rerun
2443Emacs's configure script. 2457Emacs's configure script.
2444 2458
2459*** Compiling on GNU/Linux fails due to a missing left operand in gnu-linux.h.
2460
2461The error messages have the form:
2462
2463 ../src/s/gnu-linux.h:49:24: error: operator '>' has no left operand
2464
2465This error occurs because your system defines LINUX_VERSION_CODE in
2466the standard header file linux/version.h but does not give it a value.
2467As a workaround, you can edit the file src/s/gnu-linux.h to add the
2468needed definition. On the line after "#include <linux/version.h>",
2469add a line as shown below:
2470
2471#include <linux/version.h>
2472#define LINUX_VERSION_CODE 132626
2473
2474The number to use depends on your kernel version (the example shown is
2475for kernel 2.6.18). The number can be obtained by running the
2476following command in the shell:
2477
2478uname -r | sed -e 's/\./ /g' -e 's/-.*//' | awk '{print $1*(2^16) + $2*(2^8) + $3}'
2479
2445*** Building a 32-bit executable on a 64-bit GNU/Linux architecture. 2480*** Building a 32-bit executable on a 64-bit GNU/Linux architecture.
2446 2481
2447First ensure that the necessary 32-bit system libraries and include 2482First ensure that the necessary 32-bit system libraries and include
@@ -2776,6 +2811,15 @@ Remove the "#if 0" and "#endif" directives which surround this, save
2776the file, and then reconfigure and rebuild Emacs. The dumping process 2811the file, and then reconfigure and rebuild Emacs. The dumping process
2777should now succeed. 2812should now succeed.
2778 2813
2814*** OpenBSD 4.0 macppc: Segfault during dumping.
2815
2816The build aborts with signal 11 when the command `./temacs --batch
2817--load loadup bootstrap' tries to load files.el. A workaround seems
2818to be to reduce the level of compiler optimization used during the
2819build (from -O2 to -O1). It is possible this is an OpenBSD
2820GCC problem specific to the macppc architecture, possibly only
2821occurring with older versions of GCC (e.g. 3.3.5).
2822
2779** Installation 2823** Installation
2780 2824
2781*** Installing Emacs gets an error running `install-info'. 2825*** Installing Emacs gets an error running `install-info'.
@@ -2790,6 +2834,14 @@ with spaces in the value, eg --enable-locallisppath='/path/with\ spaces'.
2790Using directory paths with spaces is not supported at this time: you 2834Using directory paths with spaces is not supported at this time: you
2791must re-configure without using spaces. 2835must re-configure without using spaces.
2792 2836
2837*** Installing to a directory with non-ASCII characters in the name fails.
2838
2839Installation may fail, or the Emacs executable may not start
2840correctly, if a directory name containing non-ASCII characters is used
2841as a `configure' argument (e.g. `--prefix'). The problem can also
2842occur if a non-ASCII directory is specified in the EMACSLOADPATH
2843envvar.
2844
2793*** On Solaris, use GNU Make when installing an out-of-tree build 2845*** On Solaris, use GNU Make when installing an out-of-tree build
2794 2846
2795The Emacs configuration process allows you to configure the 2847The Emacs configuration process allows you to configure the
diff --git a/etc/TODO b/etc/TODO
index af073655fde..bb51e5cd2d5 100644
--- a/etc/TODO
+++ b/etc/TODO
@@ -553,6 +553,10 @@ but which can also be used as a modifier).
553** Cleanup all the GC_ mark bit stuff -- there is no longer any distinction 553** Cleanup all the GC_ mark bit stuff -- there is no longer any distinction
554 since the mark bit is no longer stored in the Lisp_Object itself. 554 since the mark bit is no longer stored in the Lisp_Object itself.
555 555
556** Refine the `predicate' arg to read-file-name.
557 Currently, it mixes up the predicate to apply when doing completion and the
558 one to use when terminating the selection.
559
556** Merge ibuffer.el and buff-menu.el. 560** Merge ibuffer.el and buff-menu.el.
557 More specifically do what's needed to make ibuffer.el the default, 561 More specifically do what's needed to make ibuffer.el the default,
558 or just an extension of buff-menu.el. 562 or just an extension of buff-menu.el.
diff --git a/etc/compilation.txt b/etc/compilation.txt
index 933b486bb0f..4b8990d5e39 100644
--- a/etc/compilation.txt
+++ b/etc/compilation.txt
@@ -404,6 +404,7 @@ Compilation killed at Wed Jul 20 12:20:10
404Compilation terminated at Wed Jul 20 12:20:10 404Compilation terminated at Wed Jul 20 12:20:10
405Compilation exited abnormally with code 1 at Wed Jul 20 12:21:12 405Compilation exited abnormally with code 1 at Wed Jul 20 12:21:12
406Compilation finished at Thu Jul 21 15:02:15 406Compilation finished at Thu Jul 21 15:02:15
407Compilation segmentation fault at Thu Jul 13 10:55:49
407 408
408 409
409Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 410Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
diff --git a/etc/images/cancel.pbm b/etc/images/cancel.pbm
index bd85b764c27..89a21add340 100644
--- a/etc/images/cancel.pbm
+++ b/etc/images/cancel.pbm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/etc/images/copy.pbm b/etc/images/copy.pbm
index 7a95aa885a1..8feab126dc7 100644
--- a/etc/images/copy.pbm
+++ b/etc/images/copy.pbm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/etc/images/next-node.pbm b/etc/images/next-node.pbm
index 8a33da5bda4..f5a9a849da1 100644
--- a/etc/images/next-node.pbm
+++ b/etc/images/next-node.pbm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/etc/images/prev-node.pbm b/etc/images/prev-node.pbm
index bf7aa14515c..7899e62bb23 100644
--- a/etc/images/prev-node.pbm
+++ b/etc/images/prev-node.pbm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/etc/images/save.pbm b/etc/images/save.pbm
index 49d8346d3fa..1347207d260 100644
--- a/etc/images/save.pbm
+++ b/etc/images/save.pbm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/etc/images/up-node.pbm b/etc/images/up-node.pbm
index 29532bcb99c..325c5434244 100644
--- a/etc/images/up-node.pbm
+++ b/etc/images/up-node.pbm
Binary files differ