Go back to grave quoting in source-code docstrings etc.

This reverts almost all my recent changes to use curved quotes
in docstrings and/or strings used for error diagnostics.
There are a few exceptions, e.g., Bahá’í proper names.
* admin/unidata/unidata-gen.el (unidata-gen-table):
* lisp/abbrev.el (expand-region-abbrevs):
* lisp/align.el (align-region):
* lisp/allout.el (allout-mode, allout-solicit-alternate-bullet)
(outlineify-sticky):
* lisp/apropos.el (apropos-library):
* lisp/bookmark.el (bookmark-default-annotation-text):
* lisp/button.el (button-category-symbol, button-put)
(make-text-button):
* lisp/calc/calc-aent.el (math-read-if, math-read-factor):
* lisp/calc/calc-embed.el (calc-do-embedded):
* lisp/calc/calc-ext.el (calc-user-function-list):
* lisp/calc/calc-graph.el (calc-graph-show-dumb):
* lisp/calc/calc-help.el (calc-describe-key)
(calc-describe-thing, calc-full-help):
* lisp/calc/calc-lang.el (calc-c-language)
(math-parse-fortran-vector-end, math-parse-tex-sum)
(math-parse-eqn-matrix, math-parse-eqn-prime)
(calc-yacas-language, calc-maxima-language, calc-giac-language)
(math-read-giac-subscr, math-read-math-subscr)
(math-read-big-rec, math-read-big-balance):
* lisp/calc/calc-misc.el (calc-help, report-calc-bug):
* lisp/calc/calc-mode.el (calc-auto-why, calc-save-modes)
(calc-auto-recompute):
* lisp/calc/calc-prog.el (calc-fix-token-name)
(calc-read-parse-table-part, calc-user-define-invocation)
(math-do-arg-check):
* lisp/calc/calc-store.el (calc-edit-variable):
* lisp/calc/calc-units.el (math-build-units-table-buffer):
* lisp/calc/calc-vec.el (math-read-brackets):
* lisp/calc/calc-yank.el (calc-edit-mode):
* lisp/calc/calc.el (calc, calc-do, calc-user-invocation):
* lisp/calendar/appt.el (appt-display-message):
* lisp/calendar/diary-lib.el (diary-check-diary-file)
(diary-mail-entries, diary-from-outlook):
* lisp/calendar/icalendar.el (icalendar-export-region)
(icalendar--convert-float-to-ical)
(icalendar--convert-date-to-ical)
(icalendar--convert-ical-to-diary)
(icalendar--convert-recurring-to-diary)
(icalendar--add-diary-entry):
* lisp/calendar/time-date.el (format-seconds):
* lisp/calendar/timeclock.el (timeclock-mode-line-display)
(timeclock-make-hours-explicit, timeclock-log-data):
* lisp/calendar/todo-mode.el (todo-prefix, todo-delete-category)
(todo-item-mark, todo-check-format)
(todo-insert-item--next-param, todo-edit-item--next-key)
(todo-mode):
* lisp/cedet/ede/pmake.el (ede-proj-makefile-insert-dist-rules):
* lisp/cedet/mode-local.el (describe-mode-local-overload)
(mode-local-print-binding, mode-local-describe-bindings-2):
* lisp/cedet/semantic/complete.el (semantic-displayor-show-request):
* lisp/cedet/srecode/srt-mode.el (srecode-macro-help):
* lisp/cus-start.el (standard):
* lisp/cus-theme.el (describe-theme-1):
* lisp/custom.el (custom-add-dependencies, custom-check-theme)
(custom--sort-vars-1, load-theme):
* lisp/descr-text.el (describe-text-properties-1, describe-char):
* lisp/dired-x.el (dired-do-run-mail):
* lisp/dired.el (dired-log):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/advice.el (ad-read-advised-function)
(ad-read-advice-class, ad-read-advice-name, ad-enable-advice)
(ad-disable-advice, ad-remove-advice, ad-set-argument)
(ad-set-arguments, ad--defalias-fset, ad-activate)
(ad-deactivate):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/byte-opt.el (byte-compile-inline-expand)
(byte-compile-unfold-lambda, byte-optimize-form-code-walker)
(byte-optimize-while, byte-optimize-apply):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/byte-run.el (defun, defsubst):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el (byte-compile-lapcode)
(byte-compile-log-file, byte-compile-format-warn)
(byte-compile-nogroup-warn, byte-compile-arglist-warn)
(byte-compile-cl-warn)
(byte-compile-warn-about-unresolved-functions)
(byte-compile-file, byte-compile--declare-var)
(byte-compile-file-form-defmumble, byte-compile-form)
(byte-compile-normal-call, byte-compile-check-variable)
(byte-compile-variable-ref, byte-compile-variable-set)
(byte-compile-subr-wrong-args, byte-compile-setq-default)
(byte-compile-negation-optimizer)
(byte-compile-condition-case--old)
(byte-compile-condition-case--new, byte-compile-save-excursion)
(byte-compile-defvar, byte-compile-autoload)
(byte-compile-lambda-form)
(byte-compile-make-variable-buffer-local, display-call-tree)
(batch-byte-compile):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cconv.el (cconv-convert, cconv--analyze-use):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/chart.el (chart-space-usage):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/check-declare.el (check-declare-scan)
(check-declare-warn, check-declare-file)
(check-declare-directory):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el (checkdoc-this-string-valid-engine)
(checkdoc-message-text-engine):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-extra.el (cl-parse-integer)
(cl--describe-class):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-generic.el (cl-defgeneric)
(cl--generic-describe, cl-generic-generalizers):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el (cl--parse-loop-clause, cl-tagbody)
(cl-symbol-macrolet):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/cl.el (cl-unload-function, flet):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/copyright.el (copyright)
(copyright-update-directory):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/edebug.el (edebug-read-list):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/eieio-base.el (eieio-persistent-read):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/eieio-core.el (eieio--slot-override)
(eieio-oref):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/eieio-opt.el (eieio-help-constructor):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/eieio-speedbar.el:
(eieio-speedbar-child-make-tag-lines)
(eieio-speedbar-child-description):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/eieio.el (defclass, change-class):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/elint.el (elint-file, elint-get-top-forms)
(elint-init-form, elint-check-defalias-form)
(elint-check-let-form):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/ert.el (ert-get-test, ert-results-mode-menu)
(ert-results-pop-to-backtrace-for-test-at-point)
(ert-results-pop-to-messages-for-test-at-point)
(ert-results-pop-to-should-forms-for-test-at-point)
(ert-describe-test):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/find-func.el (find-function-search-for-symbol)
(find-function-library):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el (iter-yield):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/gv.el (gv-define-simple-setter):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp-mnt.el (lm-verify):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/macroexp.el (macroexp--obsolete-warning):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/map-ynp.el (map-y-or-n-p):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/nadvice.el (advice--make-docstring)
(advice--make, define-advice):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/package-x.el (package-upload-file):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el (package-version-join)
(package-disabled-p, package-activate-1, package-activate)
(package--download-one-archive)
(package--download-and-read-archives)
(package-compute-transaction, package-install-from-archive)
(package-install, package-install-selected-packages)
(package-delete, package-autoremove, describe-package-1)
(package-install-button-action, package-delete-button-action)
(package-menu-hide-package, package-menu--list-to-prompt)
(package-menu--perform-transaction)
(package-menu--find-and-notify-upgrades):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/pcase.el (pcase-exhaustive, pcase--u1):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/re-builder.el (reb-enter-subexp-mode):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/ring.el (ring-previous, ring-next):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/rx.el (rx-check, rx-anything)
(rx-check-any-string, rx-check-any, rx-check-not, rx-=)
(rx-repeat, rx-check-backref, rx-syntax, rx-check-category)
(rx-form):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/smie.el (smie-config-save):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/subr-x.el (internal--check-binding):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/tabulated-list.el (tabulated-list-put-tag):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/testcover.el (testcover-1value):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/timer.el (timer-event-handler):
* lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el (viper-toggle-parse-sexp-ignore-comments)
(viper-toggle-search-style, viper-kill-buffer)
(viper-brac-function):
* lisp/emulation/viper-macs.el (viper-record-kbd-macro):
* lisp/env.el (setenv):
* lisp/erc/erc-button.el (erc-nick-popup):
* lisp/erc/erc.el (erc-cmd-LOAD, erc-handle-login, english):
* lisp/eshell/em-dirs.el (eshell/cd):
* lisp/eshell/em-glob.el (eshell-glob-regexp)
(eshell-glob-entries):
* lisp/eshell/em-pred.el (eshell-parse-modifiers):
* lisp/eshell/esh-opt.el (eshell-show-usage):
* lisp/facemenu.el (facemenu-add-new-face)
(facemenu-add-new-color):
* lisp/faces.el (read-face-name, read-face-font, describe-face)
(x-resolve-font-name):
* lisp/files-x.el (modify-file-local-variable):
* lisp/files.el (locate-user-emacs-file, find-alternate-file)
(set-auto-mode, hack-one-local-variable--obsolete)
(dir-locals-set-directory-class, write-file, basic-save-buffer)
(delete-directory, copy-directory, recover-session)
(recover-session-finish, insert-directory)
(file-modes-char-to-who, file-modes-symbolic-to-number)
(move-file-to-trash):
* lisp/filesets.el (filesets-add-buffer, filesets-remove-buffer):
* lisp/find-cmd.el (find-generic, find-to-string):
* lisp/finder.el (finder-commentary):
* lisp/font-lock.el (font-lock-fontify-buffer):
* lisp/format.el (format-write-file, format-find-file)
(format-insert-file):
* lisp/frame.el (get-device-terminal, select-frame-by-name):
* lisp/fringe.el (fringe--check-style):
* lisp/gnus/nnmairix.el (nnmairix-widget-create-query):
* lisp/help-fns.el (help-fns--key-bindings)
(help-fns--compiler-macro, help-fns--parent-mode)
(help-fns--obsolete, help-fns--interactive-only)
(describe-function-1, describe-variable):
* lisp/help.el (describe-mode)
(describe-minor-mode-from-indicator):
* lisp/image.el (image-type):
* lisp/international/ccl.el (ccl-dump):
* lisp/international/fontset.el (x-must-resolve-font-name):
* lisp/international/mule-cmds.el (prefer-coding-system)
(select-safe-coding-system-interactively)
(select-safe-coding-system, activate-input-method)
(toggle-input-method, describe-current-input-method)
(describe-language-environment):
* lisp/international/mule-conf.el (code-offset):
* lisp/international/mule-diag.el (describe-character-set)
(list-input-methods-1):
* lisp/mail/feedmail.el (feedmail-run-the-queue):
* lisp/mouse.el (minor-mode-menu-from-indicator):
* lisp/mpc.el (mpc-playlist-rename):
* lisp/msb.el (msb--choose-menu):
* lisp/net/ange-ftp.el (ange-ftp-shell-command):
* lisp/net/imap.el (imap-interactive-login):
* lisp/net/mairix.el (mairix-widget-create-query):
* lisp/net/newst-backend.el (newsticker--sentinel-work):
* lisp/net/newst-treeview.el (newsticker--treeview-load):
* lisp/net/rlogin.el (rlogin):
* lisp/obsolete/iswitchb.el (iswitchb-possible-new-buffer):
* lisp/obsolete/otodo-mode.el (todo-more-important-p):
* lisp/obsolete/pgg-gpg.el (pgg-gpg-process-region):
* lisp/obsolete/pgg-pgp.el (pgg-pgp-process-region):
* lisp/obsolete/pgg-pgp5.el (pgg-pgp5-process-region):
* lisp/org/ob-core.el (org-babel-goto-named-src-block)
(org-babel-goto-named-result):
* lisp/org/ob-fortran.el (org-babel-fortran-ensure-main-wrap):
* lisp/org/ob-ref.el (org-babel-ref-resolve):
* lisp/org/org-agenda.el (org-agenda-prepare):
* lisp/org/org-clock.el (org-clock-notify-once-if-expired)
(org-clock-resolve):
* lisp/org/org-ctags.el (org-ctags-ask-rebuild-tags-file-then-find-tag):
* lisp/org/org-feed.el (org-feed-parse-atom-entry):
* lisp/org/org-habit.el (org-habit-parse-todo):
* lisp/org/org-mouse.el (org-mouse-popup-global-menu)
(org-mouse-context-menu):
* lisp/org/org-table.el (org-table-edit-formulas):
* lisp/org/ox.el (org-export-async-start):
* lisp/proced.el (proced-log):
* lisp/progmodes/ada-mode.el (ada-get-indent-case)
(ada-check-matching-start, ada-goto-matching-start):
* lisp/progmodes/ada-prj.el (ada-prj-display-page):
* lisp/progmodes/ada-xref.el (ada-find-executable):
* lisp/progmodes/ebrowse.el (ebrowse-tags-apropos):
* lisp/progmodes/etags.el (etags-tags-apropos-additional):
* lisp/progmodes/flymake.el (flymake-parse-err-lines)
(flymake-start-syntax-check-process):
* lisp/progmodes/python.el (python-shell-get-process-or-error)
(python-define-auxiliary-skeleton):
* lisp/progmodes/sql.el (sql-comint):
* lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el (verilog-load-file-at-point):
* lisp/progmodes/vhdl-mode.el (vhdl-widget-directory-validate):
* lisp/recentf.el (recentf-open-files):
* lisp/replace.el (query-replace-read-from)
(occur-after-change-function, occur-1):
* lisp/scroll-bar.el (scroll-bar-columns):
* lisp/server.el (server-get-auth-key):
* lisp/simple.el (execute-extended-command)
(undo-outer-limit-truncate, list-processes--refresh)
(compose-mail, set-variable, choose-completion-string)
(define-alternatives):
* lisp/startup.el (site-run-file, tty-handle-args, command-line)
(command-line-1):
* lisp/subr.el (noreturn, define-error, add-to-list)
(read-char-choice, version-to-list):
* lisp/term/common-win.el (x-handle-xrm-switch)
(x-handle-name-switch, x-handle-args):
* lisp/term/x-win.el (x-handle-parent-id, x-handle-smid):
* lisp/textmodes/reftex-ref.el (reftex-label):
* lisp/textmodes/reftex-toc.el (reftex-toc-rename-label):
* lisp/textmodes/two-column.el (2C-split):
* lisp/tutorial.el (tutorial--describe-nonstandard-key)
(tutorial--find-changed-keys):
* lisp/type-break.el (type-break-noninteractive-query):
* lisp/wdired.el (wdired-do-renames, wdired-do-symlink-changes)
(wdired-do-perm-changes):
* lisp/whitespace.el (whitespace-report-region):
Prefer grave quoting in source-code strings used to generate help
and diagnostics.
* lisp/faces.el (face-documentation):
No need to convert quotes, since the result is a docstring.
* lisp/info.el (Info-virtual-index-find-node)
(Info-virtual-index, info-apropos):
Simplify by generating only curved quotes, since info files are
typically that ways nowadays anyway.
* lisp/international/mule-diag.el (list-input-methods):
Don’t assume text quoting style is curved.
* lisp/org/org-bibtex.el (org-bibtex-fields):
Revert my recent changes, going back to the old quoting style.

9 files changed, 28 insertions, 28 deletions

diff --git a/doc/lispref/control.texi b/doc/lispref/control.texi
index 29d1bd588e3..421f5cc530f 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/control.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/control.texi
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ between a few different constant values:
 @example
 (pcase (get-return-code x)
   (`success       (message "Done!"))
-  (`would-block   (message "Sorry, can’t do it now"))
+  (`would-block   (message "Sorry, can't do it now"))
   (`read-only     (message "The shmliblick is read-only"))
   (`access-denied (message "You do not have the needed rights"))
   (code           (message "Unknown return code %S" code)))
diff --git a/doc/lispref/functions.texi b/doc/lispref/functions.texi
index 20eaf5dee1e..a853d2fbab5 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/functions.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/functions.texi
@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ Around advice such as:
 
 @example
 (defadvice foo (around foo-around)
-  "Ignore case in ‘foo’."
+  "Ignore case in `foo'."
   (let ((case-fold-search t))
     ad-do-it))
 (ad-activate 'foo)
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ could translate into:
 
 @example
 (defun foo--foo-around (orig-fun &rest args)
-  "Ignore case in ‘foo’."
+  "Ignore case in `foo'."
   (let ((case-fold-search t))
     (apply orig-fun args)))
 (advice-add 'foo :around #'foo--foo-around)
diff --git a/doc/lispref/help.texi b/doc/lispref/help.texi
index 89339ffe575..b3042d747b4 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/help.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/help.texi
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ specifies a key binding that the command does not actually have.
 @smallexample
 @group
 (substitute-command-keys
-   "To abort recursive edit, type ‘\\[abort-recursive-edit]’.")
+   "To abort recursive edit, type `\\[abort-recursive-edit]'.")
 @result{} "To abort recursive edit, type ‘C-]’."
 @end group
 
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ C-g             abort-recursive-edit
 
 @group
 (substitute-command-keys
-   "To abort a recursive edit from the minibuffer, type\
+   "To abort a recursive edit from the minibuffer, type \
 `\\<minibuffer-local-must-match-map>\\[abort-recursive-edit]'.")
 @result{} "To abort a recursive edit from the minibuffer, type ‘C-g’."
 @end group
diff --git a/doc/lispref/modes.texi b/doc/lispref/modes.texi
index f00e481275f..a8b6bb19c5f 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/modes.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/modes.texi
@@ -1155,9 +1155,9 @@ Many other modes, such as `mail-mode', `outline-mode' and
   "Major mode for editing text written for humans to read.
 In this mode, paragraphs are delimited only by blank or white lines.
 You can thus get the full benefit of adaptive filling
- (see the variable ‘adaptive-fill-mode’).
+ (see the variable `adaptive-fill-mode').
 \\@{text-mode-map@}
-Turning on Text mode runs the normal hook ‘text-mode-hook’."
+Turning on Text mode runs the normal hook `text-mode-hook'."
 @end group
 @group
   (set (make-local-variable 'text-mode-variant) t)
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ And here is the code to set up the keymap for Lisp mode:
     @dots{}
     map)
   "Keymap for ordinary Lisp mode.
-All commands in ‘lisp-mode-shared-map’ are inherited by this map.")
+All commands in `lisp-mode-shared-map' are inherited by this map.")
 @end group
 @end smallexample
 
@@ -1268,12 +1268,12 @@ Delete converts tabs to spaces as it moves back.
 Blank lines separate paragraphs.  Semicolons start comments.
 
 \\@{lisp-mode-map@}
-Note that ‘run-lisp’ may be used either to start an inferior Lisp job
+Note that `run-lisp' may be used either to start an inferior Lisp job
 or to switch back to an existing one.
 @end group
 
 @group
-Entry to this mode calls the value of ‘lisp-mode-hook’
+Entry to this mode calls the value of `lisp-mode-hook'
 if that value is non-nil."
   (lisp-mode-variables nil t)
   (set (make-local-variable 'find-tag-default-function)
@@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ will load the library that defines the mode.  For example:
 (defcustom msb-mode nil
   "Toggle msb-mode.
 Setting this variable directly does not take effect;
-use either \\[customize] or the function ‘msb-mode’."
+use either \\[customize] or the function `msb-mode'."
   :set 'custom-set-minor-mode
   :initialize 'custom-initialize-default
   :version "20.4"
@@ -1605,7 +1605,7 @@ for this macro.
 Interactively with no argument, this command toggles the mode.
 A positive prefix argument enables the mode, any other prefix
 argument disables it.  From Lisp, argument omitted or nil enables
-the mode, ‘toggle’ toggles the state.
+the mode, `toggle' toggles the state.
 
 When Hungry mode is enabled, the control delete key
 gobbles all preceding whitespace except the last.
diff --git a/doc/lispref/os.texi b/doc/lispref/os.texi
index f7d4117673a..6ef87dfbd53 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/os.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/os.texi
@@ -1928,7 +1928,7 @@ idleness.  Here's an example:
 
 @example
 (defvar my-resume-timer nil
-  "Timer for ‘my-timer-function’ to reschedule itself, or nil.")
+  "Timer for `my-timer-function' to reschedule itself, or nil.")
 
 (defun my-timer-function ()
   ;; @r{If the user types a command while @code{my-resume-timer}}
diff --git a/doc/lispref/processes.texi b/doc/lispref/processes.texi
index 98b3dfb9e3a..c9509b0f216 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/processes.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/processes.texi
@@ -1720,13 +1720,13 @@ sentinel, the eventual call to the sentinel will use the new one.
 @group
 (defun msg-me (process event)
    (princ
-     (format "Process: %s had the event ‘%s’" process event)))
+     (format "Process: %s had the event '%s'" process event)))
 (set-process-sentinel (get-process "shell") 'msg-me)
      @result{} msg-me
 @end group
 @group
 (kill-process (get-process "shell"))
-     @print{} Process: #<process shell> had the event ‘killed’
+     @print{} Process: #<process shell> had the event 'killed'
      @result{} #<process shell>
 @end group
 @end smallexample
diff --git a/doc/lispref/strings.texi b/doc/lispref/strings.texi
index 4a338931601..f42250719e5 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/strings.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/strings.texi
@@ -969,12 +969,12 @@ is not truncated.
 
 @example
 @group
-(format "The word ‘%7s’ has %d letters in it."
+(format "The word '%7s' has %d letters in it."
         "foo" (length "foo"))
-     @result{} "The word ‘    foo’ has 3 letters in it."
-(format "The word ‘%7s’ has %d letters in it."
+     @result{} "The word '    foo' has 3 letters in it."
+(format "The word '%7s' has %d letters in it."
         "specification" (length "specification"))
-     @result{} "The word ‘specification’ has 13 letters in it."
+     @result{} "The word 'specification' has 13 letters in it."
 @end group
 @end example
 
@@ -1013,12 +1013,12 @@ ignored.
 (format "%06d is padded on the left with zeros" 123)
      @result{} "000123 is padded on the left with zeros"
 
-(format "‘%-6d’ is padded on the right" 123)
-     @result{} "‘123   ’ is padded on the right"
+(format "'%-6d' is padded on the right" 123)
+     @result{} "'123   ' is padded on the right"
 
-(format "The word ‘%-7s’ actually has %d letters in it."
+(format "The word '%-7s' actually has %d letters in it."
         "foo" (length "foo"))
-     @result{} "The word ‘foo    ’ actually has 3 letters in it."
+     @result{} "The word 'foo    ' actually has 3 letters in it."
 @end group
 @end example
 
diff --git a/doc/lispref/text.texi b/doc/lispref/text.texi
index 33044280175..55e550a7b80 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/text.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/text.texi
@@ -1960,7 +1960,7 @@ Called from a program, there are three arguments:
 @group
 REVERSE (non-nil means reverse order),\
  BEG and END (region to sort).
-The variable ‘sort-fold-case’ determines\
+The variable `sort-fold-case' determines\
  whether alphabetic case affects
 the sort order."
 @end group
diff --git a/doc/lispref/tips.texi b/doc/lispref/tips.texi
index 7107bb45872..3bde0a877ab 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/tips.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/tips.texi
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ immediately before the symbol name.  (Case makes no difference in
 recognizing these indicator words.)  For example, if you write
 
 @example
-This function sets the variable ‘buffer-file-name’.
+This function sets the variable `buffer-file-name'.
 @end example
 
 @noindent
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ you can write the words @samp{symbol} or @samp{program} before the
 symbol name to prevent making any hyperlink.  For example,
 
 @example
-If the argument KIND-OF-RESULT is the symbol ‘list’,
+If the argument KIND-OF-RESULT is the symbol `list',
 this function returns a list of all the objects
 that satisfy the criterion.
 @end example
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ name of the Info node (or anchor), preceded by
 anchor}.  The Info file name defaults to @samp{emacs}.  For example,
 
 @smallexample
-See Info node ‘Font Lock’ and Info node ‘(elisp)Font Lock Basics’.
+See Info node `Font Lock' and Info node `(elisp)Font Lock Basics'.
 @end smallexample
 
 Finally, to create a hyperlink to URLs, write the single-quoted URL,
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ preceded by @samp{URL}.  For example,
 
 @smallexample
 The home page for the GNU project has more information (see URL
-‘http://www.gnu.org/’).
+`http://www.gnu.org/').
 @end smallexample
 
 @item