Initial revision

1 files changed, 3074 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/lisp/emulation/vip.el b/lisp/emulation/vip.el
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da853aa9c36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lisp/emulation/vip.el
@@ -0,0 +1,3074 @@
+;; VIP: A VI Package for GNU Emacs (version 3.5 of September 15, 1987)
+
+;; Author: Masahiko Sato (ms@sail.stanford.edu).  In Japan, the author's
+;; address is: masahiko@sato.riec.tohoku.junet
+;; Send suggestions and bug reports to one of the above addresses.
+;; When you report a bug, be sure to include the version number of VIP and
+;; Emacs you are using.
+
+;; Execute info command by typing "M-x info" to get information on VIP.
+
+;; external variables
+
+(defvar vip-emacs-local-map nil
+  "Local map used in emacs mode. \(buffer specific\)")
+
+(defvar vip-insert-local-map nil
+  "Local map used in insert command mode. \(buffer specific\)")
+  
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'vip-emacs-local-map)
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'vip-insert-local-map)
+
+(defvar vip-insert-point nil
+  "Remember insert point as a marker. \(buffer specific\)")
+
+(set-default 'vip-insert-point (make-marker))
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'vip-insert-point)
+
+(defvar vip-com-point nil
+  "Remember com point as a marker. \(buffer specific\)")
+
+(set-default 'vip-com-point (make-marker))
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'vip-com-point)
+
+(defvar vip-current-mode nil
+  "Current mode.  One of emacs-mode, vi-mode, insert-mode.")
+
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'vip-current-mode)
+(setq-default vip-current-mode 'emacs-mode)
+
+(defvar vip-emacs-mode-line-buffer-identification nil
+  "value of mode-line-buffer-identification in emacs-mode.")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'vip-emacs-mode-line-buffer-identification)
+(setq-default vip-emacs-mode-line-buffer-identification
+              '("Emacs: %17b"))
+
+(defvar vip-current-major-mode nil
+  "vip-current-major-mode is the major-mode vi considers it is now.
+\(buffer specific\)")
+
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'vip-current-major-mode)
+
+(defvar vip-last-shell-com nil
+  "last shell command executed by ! command")
+
+(defvar vip-use-register nil
+  "name of register to store deleted or yanked strings.")
+
+(defvar vip-d-com nil
+  "If non-nil, it's value is a list (M-COM VAL COM), and is used to
+re-execute last destrcutive command")
+
+(defconst vip-shift-width 8
+  "*The number of colums shifted by > and < command.")
+
+(defconst vip-re-replace nil
+  "*If t then do regexp replace, if nil then do string replace.")
+
+(defvar vip-d-char nil
+  "The character remenbered by the vi \"r\" command")
+
+(defvar vip-f-char nil
+  "for use by \";\" command")
+
+(defvar vip-F-char nil
+  "for use by \".\" command")
+
+(defvar vip-f-forward nil
+  "for use by \";\" command")
+  
+(defvar vip-f-offset nil
+  "for use by \";\" command")
+
+(defconst vip-search-wrap-around t
+  "*if t, search wraps around")
+
+(defconst vip-re-search nil
+  "*if t, search is reg-exp search, otherwise vanilla search.")
+
+(defvar vip-s-string nil
+  "last search string")
+
+(defvar vip-s-forward nil
+  "if t, search is forward.")
+
+(defconst vip-case-fold-search nil
+  "*if t, search ignores cases.")
+
+(defconst vip-re-query-replace nil
+  "*If t then do regexp replace, if nil then do string replace.")
+
+(defconst vip-open-with-indent nil
+  "*if t, indent when open a new line.")
+
+(defconst vip-help-in-insert-mode nil
+  "*if t then C-h is bound to help-command in insert mode, if nil then it is
+bound to delete-backward-char.")
+
+(defvar vip-quote-string "> "
+  "string inserted at the beginning of region")
+
+(defvar vip-tags-file-name "TAGS")
+
+(defvar vip-inhibit-startup-message nil)
+
+;; basic set up
+
+(global-set-key "\C-z" 'vip-change-mode-to-vi)
+
+(defmacro vip-loop (count body)
+  "(COUNT BODY) Execute BODY COUNT times."
+  (list 'let (list (list 'count count))
+        (list 'while (list '> 'count 0)
+              body
+              (list 'setq 'count (list '1- 'count)))))
+
+(defun vip-push-mark-silent (&optional location)
+  "Set mark at LOCATION (point, by default) and push old mark on mark ring.
+No message."
+  (if (null (mark))
+      nil
+    (setq mark-ring (cons (copy-marker (mark-marker)) mark-ring))
+    (if (> (length mark-ring) mark-ring-max)
+        (progn
+          (move-marker (car (nthcdr mark-ring-max mark-ring)) nil)
+          (setcdr (nthcdr (1- mark-ring-max) mark-ring) nil))))
+  (set-mark (or location (point))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-col (arg)
+  "Go to ARG's column."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (save-excursion
+      (end-of-line)
+      (if (> val (1+ (current-column))) (error "")))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (forward-char (1- val))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-col val com))))
+
+(defun vip-refresh-mode-line ()
+  "Redraw mode line."
+  (set-buffer-modified-p (buffer-modified-p)))
+
+(defun vip-copy-keymap (map)
+  (if (null map) (make-sparse-keymap) (copy-keymap map)))
+
+
+;; changing mode
+
+(defun vip-change-mode (new-mode)
+  "Change mode to NEW-MODE.  NEW-MODE is either emacs-mode, vi-mode,
+or insert-mode."
+  (or (eq new-mode vip-current-mode)
+      (progn
+        (cond ((eq new-mode 'vi-mode)
+               (if (eq vip-current-mode 'insert-mode)
+                   (progn
+                     (vip-copy-region-as-kill (point) vip-insert-point)
+                     (vip-repeat-insert-command))
+                 (setq vip-emacs-local-map (current-local-map)
+                       vip-emacs-mode-line-buffer-identification
+                       mode-line-buffer-identification
+                       vip-insert-local-map (vip-copy-keymap
+                                             (current-local-map))))
+               (vip-change-mode-line "Vi:   ")
+               (use-local-map vip-mode-map))
+              ((eq new-mode 'insert-mode)
+               (move-marker vip-insert-point (point))
+               (if (eq vip-current-mode 'emacs-mode)
+                   (setq vip-emacs-local-map (current-local-map)
+                         vip-emacs-mode-line-buffer-identification
+                         mode-line-buffer-identification
+                         vip-insert-local-map (vip-copy-keymap
+                                               (current-local-map)))
+                 (setq vip-insert-local-map (vip-copy-keymap
+                                             vip-emacs-local-map)))
+               (vip-change-mode-line "Insert")
+               (use-local-map vip-insert-local-map)
+               (define-key vip-insert-local-map "\e" 'vip-change-mode-to-vi)
+               (define-key vip-insert-local-map "\C-z" 'vip-ESC)
+               (define-key vip-insert-local-map "\C-h"
+                 (if vip-help-in-insert-mode 'help-command
+                   'delete-backward-char))
+               (define-key vip-insert-local-map "\C-w"
+                 'vip-delete-backward-word))
+              ((eq new-mode 'emacs-mode) 
+               (vip-change-mode-line "Emacs:")
+               (use-local-map vip-emacs-local-map)))
+        (setq vip-current-mode new-mode)
+        (vip-refresh-mode-line))))
+
+(defun vip-copy-region-as-kill (beg end)
+  "If BEG and END do not belong to the same buffer, it copies empty region."
+  (condition-case nil
+      (copy-region-as-kill beg end)
+    (error (copy-region-as-kill beg beg))))
+
+(defun vip-change-mode-line (string)
+  "Assuming that the mode line format contains the string \"Emacs:\", this
+function replaces the string by \"Vi:   \" etc."
+  (setq mode-line-buffer-identification
+        (if (string= string "Emacs:")
+            vip-emacs-mode-line-buffer-identification
+          (list (concat string " %17b")))))
+
+(defun vip-mode ()
+  "Turn on VIP emulation of VI."
+  (interactive)
+  (if (not vip-inhibit-startup-message)
+      (progn
+        (switch-to-buffer "VIP Startup Message")
+        (erase-buffer)
+        (insert
+         "VIP is a Vi emulation package for GNU Emacs.  VIP provides most Vi commands
+including Ex commands.  VIP is however different from Vi in several points.
+You can get more information on VIP by:
+    1.  Typing `M-x info' and selecting menu item \"vip\".
+    2.  Typing `C-h k' followed by a key whose description you want.
+    3.  Printing VIP manual which can be found as GNU/man/vip.texinfo
+    4.  Printing VIP Reference Card which can be found as GNU/etc/vipcard.tex
+
+This startup message appears whenever you load VIP unless you type `y' now.
+Type `n' to quit this window for now.\n")
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (if (y-or-n-p "Inhibit VIP startup message? ")
+            (progn
+              (save-excursion
+                (set-buffer
+                 (find-file-noselect (substitute-in-file-name "~/.vip")))
+                (goto-char (point-max))
+                (insert "\n(setq vip-inhibit-startup-message t)\n")
+                (save-buffer)
+                (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
+              (message "VIP startup message inhibited.")
+              (sit-for 2)))
+        (kill-buffer (current-buffer))
+        (message "")
+        (setq vip-inhibit-startup-message t)))
+  (vip-change-mode-to-vi))
+
+(defun vip-change-mode-to-vi ()
+  "Change mode to vi mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-change-mode 'vi-mode))
+
+(defun vip-change-mode-to-insert ()
+  "Change mode to insert mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-change-mode 'insert-mode))
+
+(defun vip-change-mode-to-emacs ()
+  "Change mode to emacs mode."
+  (interactive)
+  (vip-change-mode 'emacs-mode))
+
+
+;; escape to emacs mode termporarilly
+
+(defun vip-get-editor-command (l-map g-map &optional str)
+  "Read characters from keyboard until an editor command is formed, using
+local keymap L-MAP and global keymap G-MAP.  If the command is a
+self-insert-command, the character just read is returned instead.  Optional
+string STR is used as initial input string."
+  (let (char l-bind g-bind)
+    (setq char
+          (if (or (null str) (string= str ""))
+              (read-char)
+            (string-to-char str)))
+    (setq last-command-char char)
+    (setq l-bind (vip-binding-of char l-map))
+    (if (null l-bind)
+        ;; since local binding is empty, we concentrate on global one.
+        (progn
+          (setq g-bind (vip-binding-of char g-map))
+          (if (null g-bind)
+              nil ;; return nil, since both bindings are void.
+            (if (keymapp g-bind)
+                (vip-get-editor-command nil g-bind (vip-string-tail str))
+              (if (eq g-bind 'self-insert-command) char g-bind))))
+      ;; local binding is nonvoid
+      (if (keymapp l-bind)
+          ;; since l-bind is a keymap, we consider g-bind as well.
+          (progn
+            (setq g-bind (vip-binding-of char g-map))
+            (if (null g-bind)
+                (vip-get-editor-command l-bind nil (vip-string-tail str))
+              (if (keymapp g-bind)
+                  ;; both bindings are keymap
+                  (vip-get-editor-command l-bind g-bind (vip-string-tail str))
+                ;; l-bind is a keymap, so we neglect g-bind
+                (vip-get-editor-command l-bind nil (vip-string-tail str)))))
+        ;; l-bind is a command
+        (if (eq l-bind 'self-insert-command) char l-bind)))))
+
+(defun vip-binding-of (char map)
+  "Return key-binding of CHAR under keymap MAP.  It is nil if the binding
+is void, or a command, or a keymap"
+  (let ((val (if (listp map)
+                 (cdr (assq char map))
+               (aref map char))))
+    (cond ((null val) nil)
+          ((keymapp val)
+           (if (symbolp val) (symbol-function val) val))
+          (t
+           ;; otherwise, it is a function which is either a real function or
+           ;; a keymap fset to val.
+           (let ((fun (symbol-function val)))
+             (if (or (null fun) (keymapp fun)) fun val))))))
+
+(defun vip-escape-to-emacs (arg &optional char)
+  "Escape to emacs mode and execute one emacs command and then return to
+vi mode.  ARG is used as the prefix value for the executed command.  If
+CHAR is given it becomes the first character of the command."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let (com (buff (current-buffer)) (first t))
+    (if char (setq unread-command-char char))
+    (setq prefix-arg arg)
+    (while (or first (>= unread-command-char 0))
+      ;; this while loop is executed until unread command char will be
+      ;; exhausted.
+      (setq first nil)
+      (setq com (vip-get-editor-command vip-emacs-local-map global-map))
+      (if (numberp com)
+          (vip-loop (vip-p-val prefix-arg)
+                    (insert (char-to-string com)))
+        (command-execute com prefix-arg)))
+    (setq prefix-arg nil)  ;; reset prefix arg
+    ))
+
+(defun vip-message-conditions (conditions)
+  "Print CONDITIONS as a message."
+  (let ((case (car conditions)) (msg (cdr conditions)))
+    (if (null msg)
+        (message "%s" case)
+      (message "%s %s" case (prin1-to-string msg)))
+    (ding)))
+
+(defun vip-ESC (arg)
+  "Emulate ESC key in Emacs mode."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-escape-to-emacs arg ?\e))
+
+(defun vip-ctl-c (arg)
+  "Emulate C-c key in Emacs mode."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-escape-to-emacs arg ?\C-c))
+
+(defun vip-ctl-x (arg)
+  "Emulate C-x key in Emacs mode."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-escape-to-emacs arg ?\C-x))
+
+(defun vip-ctl-h (arg)
+  "Emulate C-h key in Emacs mode."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-escape-to-emacs arg ?\C-h))
+
+
+;; prefix argmument for vi mode
+
+;; In vi mode, prefix argument is a dotted pair (NUM . COM) where NUM
+;; represents the numeric value of the prefix argument and COM represents
+;; command prefix such as "c", "d", "m" and "y".
+
+(defun vip-prefix-arg-value (char value com)
+  "Compute numeric prefix arg value.  Invoked by CHAR.  VALUE is the value
+obtained so far, and COM is the command part obtained so far."
+  (while (and (>= char ?0) (<= char ?9))
+    (setq value (+ (* (if (numberp value) value 0) 10) (- char ?0)))        
+    (setq char (read-char)))
+  (setq prefix-arg value)
+  (if com (setq prefix-arg (cons prefix-arg com)))
+  (while (= char ?U)
+    (vip-describe-arg prefix-arg)
+    (setq char (read-char)))
+  (setq unread-command-char char))
+
+(defun vip-prefix-arg-com (char value com)
+  "Vi operator as prefix argument."
+  (let ((cont t))
+    (while (and cont
+                (or (= char ?c) (= char ?d) (= char ?y)
+                    (= char ?!) (= char ?<) (= char ?>) (= char ?=)
+                    (= char ?#) (= char ?r) (= char ?R) (= char ?\")))
+      (if com
+          ;; this means that we already have a command character, so we
+          ;; construct a com list and exit while.  however, if char is "
+          ;; it is an error.
+          (progn
+            ;; new com is (CHAR . OLDCOM)
+            (if (or (= char ?#) (= char ?\")) (error ""))
+            (setq com (cons char com))
+            (setq cont nil))
+        ;; if com is nil we set com as char, and read more.  again, if char
+        ;; is ", we read the name of register and store it in vip-use-register.
+        ;; if char is !, =, or #, a copmlete com is formed so we exit while.
+        (cond ((or (= char ?!) (= char ?=))
+               (setq com char)
+               (setq char (read-char))
+               (setq cont nil))
+              ((= char ?#)
+               ;; read a char and encode it as com
+               (setq com (+ 128 (read-char)))
+               (setq char (read-char))
+               (setq cont nil))
+              ((or (= char ?<) (= char ?>))
+               (setq com char)
+               (setq char (read-char))
+               (if (= com char) (setq com (cons char com)))
+               (setq cont nil))
+              ((= char ?\")
+               (let ((reg (read-char)))
+                 (if (or (and (<= ?A reg) (<= reg ?z))
+                         (and (<= ?1 reg) (<= reg ?9)))
+                     (setq vip-use-register reg)
+                   (error ""))
+                 (setq char (read-char))))
+              (t
+               (setq com char)
+               (setq char (read-char)))))))
+  (if (atom com)
+      ;; com is a single char, so we construct prefix-arg 
+      ;; and if char is ?, describe prefix arg, otherwise exit by
+      ;; pushing the char back
+      (progn
+        (setq prefix-arg (cons value com))
+        (while (= char ?U)
+          (vip-describe-arg prefix-arg)
+          (setq char (read-char)))
+        (setq unread-command-char char))
+    ;; as com is non-nil, this means that we have a command to execute
+    (if (or (= (car com) ?r) (= (car com) ?R))
+        ;; execute apropriate region command.
+        (let ((char (car com)) (com (cdr com)))
+          (setq prefix-arg (cons value com))
+          (if (= char ?r) (vip-region prefix-arg)
+            (vip-Region prefix-arg))
+          ;; reset prefix-arg
+          (setq prefix-arg nil))
+      ;; otherwise, reset prefix arg and call appropriate command
+      (setq value (if (null value) 1 value))
+      (setq prefix-arg nil)
+      (cond ((equal com '(?c . ?c)) (vip-line (cons value ?C)))
+            ((equal com '(?d . ?d)) (vip-line (cons value ?D)))
+            ((equal com '(?d . ?y)) (vip-yank-defun))
+            ((equal com '(?y . ?y)) (vip-line (cons value ?Y)))
+            ((equal com '(?< . ?<)) (vip-line (cons value ?<)))
+            ((equal com '(?> . ?>)) (vip-line (cons value ?>)))
+            ((equal com '(?! . ?!)) (vip-line (cons value ?!)))
+            ((equal com '(?= . ?=)) (vip-line (cons value ?=)))
+            (t (error ""))))))
+
+(defun vip-describe-arg (arg)
+  (let (val com)
+    (setq val (vip-P-val arg)
+          com (vip-getcom arg))
+    (if (null val)
+        (if (null com)
+            (message "Value is nil, and commmand is nil.")
+          (message "Value is nil, and command is %c." com))
+      (if (null com)
+          (message "Value is %d, and command is nil." val)
+        (message "Value is %d, and command is %c." val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-digit-argument (arg)
+  "Begin numeric argument for the next command."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-prefix-arg-value last-command-char nil
+                        (if (consp arg) (cdr arg) nil)))
+
+(defun vip-command-argument (arg)
+  "Accept a motion command as an argument."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (condition-case conditions
+      (vip-prefix-arg-com
+       last-command-char   
+       (cond ((null arg) nil)
+             ((consp arg) (car arg))
+             ((numberp arg) arg)
+             (t (error "strange arg")))
+       (cond ((null arg) nil)
+             ((consp arg) (cdr arg))
+             ((numberp arg) nil)
+             (t (error "strange arg"))))
+    (quit
+     (setq vip-use-register nil)
+     (signal 'quit nil))))
+
+(defun vip-p-val (arg)
+  "Get value part of prefix-argument ARG."
+  (cond ((null arg) 1)
+        ((consp arg) (if (null (car arg)) 1 (car arg)))
+        (t arg)))
+
+(defun vip-P-val (arg)
+  "Get value part of prefix-argument ARG."
+  (cond ((consp arg) (car arg))
+        (t arg)))
+
+(defun vip-getcom (arg)
+  "Get com part of prefix-argument ARG."
+  (cond ((null arg) nil)
+        ((consp arg) (cdr arg))
+        (t nil)))
+
+(defun vip-getCom (arg)
+  "Get com part of prefix-argument ARG and modify it."
+  (let ((com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (cond ((equal com ?c) ?C)
+          ((equal com ?d) ?D)
+          ((equal com ?y) ?Y)
+          (t com))))
+
+
+;; repeat last destructive command
+
+(defun vip-append-to-register (reg start end)
+  "Append region to text in register REG.
+START and END are buffer positions indicating what to append."
+  (set-register reg (concat (or (get-register reg) "")
+                            (buffer-substring start end))))
+
+(defun vip-execute-com (m-com val com)
+  "(M-COM VAL COM)  Execute command COM. The list (M-COM VAL COM) is set
+to vip-d-com for later use by vip-repeat"
+  (let ((reg vip-use-register))
+    (if com
+        (cond ((= com ?c) (vip-change vip-com-point (point)))
+              ((= com (- ?c)) (vip-change-subr vip-com-point (point)))
+              ((or (= com ?C) (= com (- ?C)))
+               (save-excursion
+                 (set-mark vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+                 (if vip-use-register
+                     (progn
+                       (cond ((and (<= ?a vip-use-register)
+                                   (<= vip-use-register ?z))
+                              (copy-to-register
+                               vip-use-register (mark) (point) nil))
+                             ((and (<= ?A vip-use-register)
+                                   (<= vip-use-register ?Z))
+                              (vip-append-to-register
+                               (+ vip-use-register 32) (mark) (point)))
+                             (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+                                (error "")))
+                       (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+                 (delete-region (mark) (point)))
+               (open-line 1)
+               (if (= com ?C) (vip-change-mode-to-insert) (yank)))
+              ((= com ?d)
+               (if vip-use-register
+                   (progn
+                     (cond ((and (<= ?a vip-use-register)
+                                 (<= vip-use-register ?z))
+                            (copy-to-register
+                             vip-use-register vip-com-point (point) nil))
+                           ((and (<= ?A vip-use-register)
+                                 (<= vip-use-register ?Z))
+                            (vip-append-to-register
+                             (+ vip-use-register 32) vip-com-point (point)))
+                           (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+                              (error "")))
+                     (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+               (setq last-command
+                     (if (eq last-command 'd-command) 'kill-region nil))
+               (kill-region vip-com-point (point))
+               (setq this-command 'd-command))
+              ((= com ?D)
+               (save-excursion
+                 (set-mark vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+                 (if vip-use-register
+                     (progn
+                       (cond ((and (<= ?a vip-use-register)
+                                   (<= vip-use-register ?z))
+                              (copy-to-register
+                               vip-use-register (mark) (point) nil))
+                             ((and (<= ?A vip-use-register)
+                                   (<= vip-use-register ?Z))
+                              (vip-append-to-register
+                               (+ vip-use-register 32) (mark) (point)))
+                             (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+                                (error "")))
+                       (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+                 (setq last-command
+                       (if (eq last-command 'D-command) 'kill-region nil))
+                 (kill-region (mark) (point))
+                 (if (eq m-com 'vip-line) (setq this-command 'D-command)))
+               (back-to-indentation))
+              ((= com ?y)
+               (if vip-use-register
+                   (progn
+                     (cond ((and (<= ?a vip-use-register)
+                                 (<= vip-use-register ?z))
+                            (copy-to-register
+                             vip-use-register vip-com-point (point) nil))
+                           ((and (<= ?A vip-use-register)
+                                 (<= vip-use-register ?Z))
+                            (vip-append-to-register
+                             (+ vip-use-register 32) vip-com-point (point)))
+                           (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+                              (error "")))
+                     (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+               (setq last-command nil)
+               (copy-region-as-kill vip-com-point (point))
+               (goto-char vip-com-point))
+              ((= com ?Y)
+               (save-excursion
+                 (set-mark vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+                 (if vip-use-register
+                     (progn
+                       (cond ((and (<= ?a vip-use-register)
+                                   (<= vip-use-register ?z))
+                              (copy-to-register
+                               vip-use-register (mark) (point) nil))
+                             ((and (<= ?A vip-use-register)
+                                   (<= vip-use-register ?Z))
+                              (vip-append-to-register
+                               (+ vip-use-register 32) (mark) (point)))
+                             (t (setq vip-use-register nil)
+                                (error "")))
+                       (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+                 (setq last-command nil)
+                 (copy-region-as-kill (mark) (point)))
+               (goto-char vip-com-point))
+              ((or (= com ?!) (= com (- ?!)))
+               (save-excursion
+                 (set-mark vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+                 (shell-command-on-region
+                  (mark) (point)
+                  (if (= com ?!)
+                      (setq vip-last-shell-com (vip-read-string "!"))
+                    vip-last-shell-com)
+                  t)))
+              ((= com ?=)
+               (save-excursion
+                 (set-mark vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+                 (if (> (mark) (point)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
+                 (indent-region (mark) (point) nil)))
+              ((= com ?<)
+               (save-excursion
+                 (set-mark vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+                 (indent-rigidly (mark) (point) (- vip-shift-width)))
+               (goto-char vip-com-point))
+              ((= com ?>)
+               (save-excursion
+                 (set-mark vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+                 (indent-rigidly (mark) (point) vip-shift-width))
+               (goto-char vip-com-point))
+              ((>= com 128)
+               ;; this is special command #
+               (vip-special-prefix-com (- com 128)))))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list m-com val (if (or (= com ?c) (= com ?C) (= com ?!))
+                                        (- com) com)
+                          reg))))
+
+(defun vip-repeat (arg)
+  "(ARG)  Re-excute last destructive command.  vip-d-com has the form
+(COM ARG CH REG), where COM is the command to be re-executed, ARG is the
+argument for COM, CH is a flag for repeat, and REG is optional and if exists
+is the name of the register for COM."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (eq last-command 'vip-undo)
+      ;; if the last command was vip-undo, then undo-more
+      (vip-undo-more)
+    ;; otherwise execute the command stored in vip-d-com.  if arg is non-nil
+    ;; its prefix value is used as new prefix value for the command.
+    (let ((m-com (car vip-d-com))
+          (val (vip-P-val arg))
+          (com (car (cdr (cdr vip-d-com))))
+          (reg (nth 3 vip-d-com)))
+      (if (null val) (setq val (car (cdr vip-d-com))))
+      (if (null m-com) (error "No previous command to repeat."))
+      (setq vip-use-register reg)
+      (funcall m-com (cons val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-special-prefix-com (char)
+  "This command is invoked interactively by the key sequence #<char>"
+  (cond ((= char ?c)
+         (downcase-region (min vip-com-point (point))
+                          (max vip-com-point (point))))
+        ((= char ?C)
+         (upcase-region (min vip-com-point (point))
+                        (max vip-com-point (point))))
+        ((= char ?g)
+         (set-mark vip-com-point)
+         (vip-global-execute))
+        ((= char ?q)
+         (set-mark vip-com-point)
+         (vip-quote-region))
+        ((= char ?s) (spell-region vip-com-point (point)))))
+
+
+;; undoing
+
+(defun vip-undo ()
+  "Undo previous change."
+  (interactive)
+  (message "undo!")
+  (undo-start)
+  (undo-more 2)
+  (setq this-command 'vip-undo))
+
+(defun vip-undo-more ()
+  "Continue undoing previous changes."
+  (message "undo more!")
+  (undo-more 1)
+  (setq this-command 'vip-undo))
+
+
+;; utilities
+
+(defun vip-string-tail (str)
+  (if (or (null str) (string= str "")) nil
+    (substring str 1)))
+
+(defun vip-yank-defun ()
+  (mark-defun)
+  (copy-region-as-kill (point) (mark)))
+
+(defun vip-enlarge-region (beg end)
+  "Enlarge region between BEG and END."
+  (if (< beg end)
+      (progn (goto-char beg) (set-mark end))
+    (goto-char end)
+    (set-mark beg))
+  (beginning-of-line)
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (if (or (not (eobp)) (not (bolp))) (next-line 1))
+  (beginning-of-line)
+  (if (> beg end) (exchange-point-and-mark)))
+
+(defun vip-global-execute ()
+  "Call last keyboad macro for each line in the region."
+  (if (> (point) (mark)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
+  (beginning-of-line)
+  (call-last-kbd-macro)
+  (while (< (point) (mark))
+    (forward-line 1)
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (call-last-kbd-macro)))
+
+(defun vip-quote-region ()
+  "Quote region by inserting the user supplied string at the beginning of
+each line in the region."
+  (setq vip-quote-string
+        (let ((str
+               (vip-read-string (format "quote string \(default \"%s\"\): "
+                                        vip-quote-string))))
+          (if (string= str "") vip-quote-string str)))
+  (vip-enlarge-region (point) (mark))
+  (if (> (point) (mark)) (exchange-point-and-mark))
+  (insert vip-quote-string)
+  (beginning-of-line)
+  (forward-line 1)
+  (while (and (< (point) (mark)) (bolp))
+    (insert vip-quote-string)
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (forward-line 1)))
+
+(defun vip-end-with-a-newline-p (string)
+  "Check if the string ends with a newline."
+  (or (string= text "")
+      (= (aref string (1- (length string))) ?\n)))
+
+(defun vip-read-string (prompt &optional init)
+  (setq save-minibuffer-local-map (copy-keymap minibuffer-local-map))
+  (define-key minibuffer-local-map "\C-h" 'backward-char)
+  (define-key minibuffer-local-map "\C-w" 'backward-word)
+  (define-key minibuffer-local-map "\e" 'exit-minibuffer)
+  (let (str)
+    (condition-case conditions
+        (setq str (read-string prompt init))
+      (quit
+       (setq minibuffer-local-map save-minibuffer-local-map)
+       (signal 'quit nil)))
+    (setq minibuffer-local-map save-minibuffer-local-map)
+    str))
+
+
+;; insertion commands
+
+(defun vip-repeat-insert-command ()
+  "This function is called when mode changes from insertion mode to
+vi command mode.  It will repeat the insertion command if original insertion
+command was invoked with argument > 1."
+  (let ((i-com (car vip-d-com)) (val (car (cdr vip-d-com))))
+    (if (and val (> val 1)) ;; first check that val is non-nil
+        (progn        
+          (setq vip-d-com (list i-com (1- val) ?r))
+          (vip-repeat nil)
+          (setq vip-d-com (list i-com val ?r))))))
+
+(defun vip-insert (arg) ""
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-insert val ?r))
+    (if com (vip-loop val (yank))
+      (vip-change-mode-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-append (arg)
+  "Append after point."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-append val ?r))
+    (if (not (eolp)) (forward-char))
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+        (vip-loop val (yank))
+      (vip-change-mode-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-Append (arg)
+  "Append at end of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-Append val ?r))
+    (end-of-line)
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+        (vip-loop val (yank))
+      (vip-change-mode-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-Insert (arg)
+  "Insert before first non-white."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-Insert val ?r))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+        (vip-loop val (yank))
+      (vip-change-mode-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-open-line (arg)
+  "Open line below."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-open-line val ?r))
+    (let ((col (current-indentation)))
+      (if (equal com ?r)
+          (vip-loop val
+                (progn
+                  (end-of-line)
+                  (newline 1)
+                  (if vip-open-with-indent (indent-to col))
+                  (yank)))
+        (end-of-line)
+        (newline 1)
+        (if vip-open-with-indent (indent-to col))
+        (vip-change-mode-to-insert)))))
+
+(defun vip-Open-line (arg)
+  "Open line above."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+  (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-Open-line val ?r))
+  (let ((col (current-indentation)))
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+        (vip-loop val
+              (progn
+                (beginning-of-line)
+                (open-line 1)
+                (if vip-open-with-indent (indent-to col))
+                (yank)))
+      (beginning-of-line)
+      (open-line 1)
+      (if vip-open-with-indent (indent-to col))
+      (vip-change-mode-to-insert)))))
+
+(defun vip-open-line-at-point (arg)
+  "Open line at point."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-open-line-at-point val ?r))
+    (if (equal com ?r)
+        (vip-loop val
+              (progn
+                (open-line 1)
+                (yank)))
+      (open-line 1)
+      (vip-change-mode-to-insert))))
+
+(defun vip-substitute (arg)
+  "Substitute characters."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (save-excursion
+      (set-mark (point))
+      (forward-char val)
+      (if (equal com ?r)
+          (vip-change-subr (mark) (point))
+        (vip-change (mark) (point))))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-substitute val ?r))))
+  
+(defun vip-substitute-line (arg)
+  "Substitute lines."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (vip-line (cons arg ?C)))
+
+
+;; line command
+
+(defun vip-line (arg)
+  (let ((val (car arg)) (com (cdr arg)))
+    (move-marker vip-com-point (point))
+    (next-line (1- val))
+    (vip-execute-com 'vip-line val com)))
+
+(defun vip-yank-line (arg)
+  "Yank ARG lines (in vi's sense)"
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
+    (vip-line (cons val ?Y))))
+    
+
+;; region command
+
+(defun vip-region (arg)
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (move-marker vip-com-point (point))
+    (exchange-point-and-mark)
+    (vip-execute-com 'vip-region val com)))
+
+(defun vip-Region (arg)
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (move-marker vip-com-point (point))
+    (exchange-point-and-mark)
+    (vip-execute-com 'vip-Region val com)))
+  
+(defun vip-replace-char (arg)
+  "Replace the following ARG chars by the character read."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-replace-char val ?r))
+    (vip-replace-char-subr (if (equal com ?r) vip-d-char (read-char)) val)))
+
+(defun vip-replace-char-subr (char arg)
+  (delete-char arg t)
+  (setq vip-d-char char)
+  (vip-loop (if (> arg 0) arg (- arg)) (insert char))
+  (backward-char arg))
+
+(defun vip-replace-string ()
+  "Replace string.  If you supply null string as the string to be replaced,
+the query replace mode will toggle between string replace and regexp replace."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (str)
+    (setq str (vip-read-string
+               (if vip-re-replace "Replace regexp: " "Replace string: ")))
+    (if (string= str "")
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-re-replace (not vip-re-replace))
+          (message (format "Replace mode changed to %s."
+                           (if vip-re-replace "regexp replace"
+                             "string replace"))))
+      (if vip-re-replace
+          (replace-regexp
+           str
+           (vip-read-string (format "Replace regexp \"%s\" with: " str)))
+        (replace-string
+         str
+         (vip-read-string (format "Replace \"%s\" with: " str)))))))
+
+
+;; basic cursor movement.  j, k, l, m commands.
+
+(defun vip-forward-char (arg)
+  "Move point right ARG characters (left if ARG negative).On reaching end
+of buffer, stop and signal error."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-char val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-char val com))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-char (arg)
+  "Move point left ARG characters (right if ARG negative).  On reaching
+beginning of buffer, stop and signal error."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (backward-char val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-char val com))))
+
+
+;; word command
+
+(defun vip-forward-word (arg)
+  "Forward word."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-word val)
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (if (or (= com ?c) (= com (- ?c)))
+              (progn (backward-word 1) (forward-word 1)))
+          (if (or (= com ?d) (= com ?y))
+              (progn
+                (backward-word 1)
+                (forward-word 1)
+                (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-word val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-end-of-word (arg)
+  "Move point to end of current word."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-char)
+    (forward-word val)
+    (backward-char)
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (forward-char)
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-end-of-word val com)))))
+                         
+(defun vip-backward-word (arg)
+  "Backward word."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (backward-word val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-word val com))))
+
+(defun vip-forward-Word (arg)
+  "Forward word delimited by white character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (re-search-forward "[^ \t\n]*[ \t\n]+" nil t val)
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (if (or (= com ?c) (= com (- ?c)))
+              (progn (backward-word 1) (forward-word 1)))
+          (if (or (= com ?d) (= com ?y))
+              (progn
+                (backward-word 1)
+                (forward-word 1)
+                (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-Word val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-end-of-Word (arg)
+  "Move forward to end of word delimited by white character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-char)
+    (if (re-search-forward "[^ \t\n]+" nil t val) (backward-char))
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (forward-char)
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-end-of-Word val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-Word (arg)
+  "Backward word delimited by white character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (if (re-search-backward "[ \t\n]+[^ \t\n]+" nil t val)
+        (forward-char)
+      (goto-char (point-min)))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-Word val com))))
+
+(defun vip-beginning-of-line (arg)
+  "Go to beginning of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (beginning-of-line val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-beginning-of-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-bol-and-skip-white (arg)
+  "Beginning of line at first non-white character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-bol-and-skip-white val com))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-eol (arg)
+  "Go to end of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (end-of-line val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-eol val com))))
+
+(defun vip-next-line (arg)
+  "Go to next line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (line-move val)
+    (setq this-command 'next-line)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-next-line-at-bol (arg)
+  "Next line at beginning of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (next-line val)
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-next-line-at-bol val com))))
+
+(defun vip-previous-line (arg)
+  "Go to previous line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (next-line (- val))
+    (setq this-command 'previous-line)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-previous-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-previous-line-at-bol (arg)
+  "Previous line at beginning of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (next-line (- val))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-previous-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-change-to-eol (arg)
+  "Change to end of line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-goto-eol (cons arg ?c)))
+
+(defun vip-kill-line (arg)
+  "Delete line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-goto-eol (cons arg ?d)))
+
+
+;; moving around
+
+(defun vip-goto-line (arg)
+  "Go to ARG's line.  Without ARG go to end of buffer."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg)) (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (move-marker vip-com-point (point))
+    (set-mark (point))
+    (if (null val)
+        (goto-char (point-max))
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (forward-line (1- val)))
+    (back-to-indentation)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-line val com))))
+
+(defun vip-find-char (arg char forward offset)
+  "Find ARG's occurence of CHAR on the current line.  If FORWARD then
+search is forward, otherwise backward.  OFFSET is used to adjust point
+after search."
+  (let ((arg (if forward arg (- arg))) point)
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (if (> arg 0)
+            (narrow-to-region
+             ;; forward search begins here
+             (if (eolp) (error "") (point))
+             ;; forward search ends here
+             (progn (next-line 1) (beginning-of-line) (point)))
+          (narrow-to-region
+           ;; backward search begins from here
+           (if (bolp) (error "") (point))
+           ;; backward search ends here
+           (progn (beginning-of-line) (point))))
+        ;; if arg > 0, point is forwarded before search.
+        (if (> arg 0) (goto-char (1+ (point-min)))
+          (goto-char (point-max)))
+        (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+          (search-forward (char-to-string char) nil 0 arg))
+        (setq point (point))
+        (if (or (and (> arg 0) (= point (point-max)))
+                (and (< arg 0) (= point (point-min))))
+            (error ""))))
+    (goto-char (+ point (if (> arg 0) (if offset -2 -1) (if offset 1 0))))))
+
+(defun vip-find-char-forward (arg)
+  "Find char on the line.  If called interactively read the char to find
+from the terminal, and if called from vip-repeat, the char last used is
+used.  This behaviour is controlled by the sign of prefix numeric value."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+        ;; this means that the function was called interactively
+        (setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+              vip-f-forward t
+              vip-f-offset nil)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) t nil)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char);; set new vip-F-char
+          (forward-char)
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-find-char-forward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-char-forward (arg)
+  "Go up to char ARG forward on line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+        ;; this means that the function was called interactively
+        (setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+              vip-f-forward t
+              vip-f-offset t)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) t t)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char);; set new vip-F-char
+          (forward-char)
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-char-forward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-find-char-backward (arg)
+  "Find char ARG on line backward."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+        ;; this means that the function was called interactively
+        (setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+              vip-f-forward nil
+              vip-f-offset nil)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char
+     val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) nil nil)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char);; set new vip-F-char
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-find-char-backward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-char-backward (arg)
+  "Go up to char ARG backward on line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (> val 0)
+        ;; this means that the function was called interactively
+        (setq vip-f-char (read-char)
+              vip-f-forward nil
+              vip-f-offset t)
+      (setq val (- val)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val (if (> (vip-p-val arg) 0) vip-f-char vip-F-char) nil t)
+    (setq val (- val))
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-F-char vip-f-char);; set new vip-F-char
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-char-backward val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-repeat-find (arg)
+  "Repeat previous find command."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val vip-f-char vip-f-forward vip-f-offset)
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (if vip-f-forward (forward-char))
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-repeat-find val com)))))
+
+(defun vip-repeat-find-opposite (arg)
+  "Repeat previous find command in the opposite direction."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (vip-find-char val vip-f-char (not vip-f-forward) vip-f-offset)
+    (if com
+        (progn
+          (if vip-f-forward (forward-char))
+          (vip-execute-com 'vip-repeat-find-opposite val com)))))
+
+
+;; window scrolling etc.
+
+(defun vip-other-window (arg)
+  "Switch to other window."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (other-window arg)
+  (or (not (eq vip-current-mode 'emacs-mode))
+      (string= (buffer-name (current-buffer)) " *Minibuf-1*")
+      (vip-change-mode-to-vi)))
+
+(defun vip-window-top (arg)
+  "Go to home window line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (move-to-window-line (1- val))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-top val com))))
+
+(defun vip-window-middle (arg)
+  "Go to middle window line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (move-to-window-line (+ (/ (1- (window-height)) 2) (1- val)))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-middle val com))))
+
+(defun vip-window-bottom (arg)
+  "Go to last window line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (move-to-window-line (- val))
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-window-bottom val com))))
+
+(defun vip-line-to-top (arg)
+  "Put current line on the home line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (recenter (1- arg)))
+
+(defun vip-line-to-middle (arg)
+  "Put current line on the middle line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (recenter (+ (1- arg) (/ (1- (window-height)) 2))))
+
+(defun vip-line-to-bottom (arg)
+  "Put current line on the last line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (recenter (- (window-height) (1+ arg))))
+
+
+;; paren match
+
+(defun vip-paren-match (arg)
+  "Go to the matching parenthesis."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (numberp arg)
+        (if (or (> arg 99) (< arg 1))
+            (error "Prefix must be between 1 and 99.")
+          (goto-char
+           (if (> (point-max) 80000)
+               (* (/ (point-max) 100) arg)
+             (/ (* (point-max) arg) 100)))
+          (back-to-indentation))
+    (cond ((looking-at "[\(\[{]")
+           (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+           (forward-sexp 1)
+           (if com
+               (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)
+             (backward-char)))
+          ((looking-at "[])}]")
+           (forward-char)
+           (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+           (backward-sexp 1)
+           (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-paren-match nil com)))
+          (t (error ""))))))
+
+
+;; sentence and paragraph
+
+(defun vip-forward-sentence (arg)
+  "Forward sentence."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-sentence val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-sentence nil com))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-sentence (arg)
+  "Backward sentence."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (backward-sentence val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-sentence nil com))))
+
+(defun vip-forward-paragraph (arg)
+  "Forward paragraph."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (forward-paragraph val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-forward-paragraph nil com))))
+
+(defun vip-backward-paragraph (arg)
+  "Backward paragraph."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+    (backward-paragraph val)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-backward-paragraph nil com))))
+
+
+;; scrolling
+
+(defun vip-scroll (arg)
+  "Scroll to next screen."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (if (> arg 0)
+      (while (> arg 0)
+        (scroll-up)
+        (setq arg (1- arg)))
+    (while (> 0 arg)
+      (scroll-down)
+      (setq arg (1+ arg)))))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-back (arg)
+  "Scroll to previous screen."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (vip-scroll (- arg)))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-down (arg)
+  "Scroll up half screen."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (null arg) (scroll-down (/ (window-height) 2))
+    (scroll-down arg)))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-down-one (arg)
+  "Scroll up one line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (scroll-down arg))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-up (arg)
+  "Scroll down half screen."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (if (null arg) (scroll-up (/ (window-height) 2))
+    (scroll-up arg)))
+
+(defun vip-scroll-up-one (arg)
+  "Scroll down one line."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (scroll-up arg))
+
+
+;; splitting window
+
+(defun vip-buffer-in-two-windows ()
+  "Show current buffer in two windows."
+  (interactive)
+  (delete-other-windows)
+  (split-window-vertically nil))
+
+
+;; searching
+
+(defun vip-search-forward (arg)
+  "Search a string forward.  ARG is used to find the ARG's occurence
+of the string.  Default is vanilla search.  Search mode can be toggled by
+giving null search string."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-s-forward t
+          vip-s-string (vip-read-string (if vip-re-search "RE-/" "/")))
+    (if (string= vip-s-string "")
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-re-search (not vip-re-search))
+          (message (format "Search mode changed to %s search."
+                           (if vip-re-search "regular expression"
+                             "vanilla"))))
+      (vip-search vip-s-string t val)
+      (if com
+          (progn
+            (move-marker vip-com-point (mark))
+            (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com))))))
+
+(defun vip-search-backward (arg)
+  "Search a string backward.  ARG is used to find the ARG's occurence
+of the string.  Default is vanilla search.  Search mode can be toggled by
+giving null search string."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (setq vip-s-forward nil
+          vip-s-string (vip-read-string (if vip-re-search "RE-?" "?")))
+    (if (string= vip-s-string "")
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-re-search (not vip-re-search))
+          (message (format "Search mode changed to %s search."
+                           (if vip-re-search "regular expression"
+                             "vanilla"))))
+      (vip-search vip-s-string nil val)
+      (if com
+          (progn
+            (move-marker vip-com-point (mark))
+            (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com))))))
+
+(defun vip-search (string forward arg &optional no-offset init-point)
+  "(STRING FORWARD COUNT &optional NO-OFFSET) Search COUNT's occurrence of
+STRING.  Search will be forward if FORWARD, otherwise backward."
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg))
+        (null-arg (null (vip-P-val arg))) (offset (not no-offset))
+        (case-fold-search vip-case-fold-search)
+        (start-point (or init-point (point))))
+    (if forward
+        (condition-case conditions
+            (progn
+              (if (and offset (not (eobp))) (forward-char))
+              (if vip-re-search
+                  (progn
+                    (re-search-forward string nil nil val)
+                    (re-search-backward string))
+                (search-forward string nil nil val)
+                (search-backward string))
+              (push-mark start-point))
+          (search-failed
+           (if (and null-arg vip-search-wrap-around)
+               (progn
+                 (goto-char (point-min))
+                 (vip-search string forward (cons 1 com) t start-point))
+             (goto-char start-point)
+             (signal 'search-failed (cdr conditions)))))
+      (condition-case conditions
+            (progn
+              (if vip-re-search
+                    (re-search-backward string nil nil val)
+                (search-backward string nil nil val))
+              (push-mark start-point))
+          (search-failed
+           (if (and null-arg vip-search-wrap-around)
+               (progn
+                 (goto-char (point-max))
+                 (vip-search string forward (cons 1 com) t start-point))
+             (goto-char start-point)
+             (signal 'search-failed (cdr conditions))))))))
+
+(defun vip-search-next (arg)
+  "Repeat previous search."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (null vip-s-string) (error "No previous search string."))
+    (vip-search vip-s-string vip-s-forward arg)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-next val com))))
+
+(defun vip-search-Next (arg)
+  "Repeat previous search in the reverse direction."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (if (null vip-s-string) (error "No previous search string."))
+    (vip-search vip-s-string (not vip-s-forward) arg)
+    (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-search-Next val com))))
+
+
+;; visiting and killing files, buffers
+
+(defun vip-switch-to-buffer ()
+  "Switch to buffer in the current window."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (buffer)
+    (setq buffer
+          (read-buffer
+           (format "switch to buffer \(%s\): "
+                   (buffer-name (other-buffer (current-buffer))))))
+    (switch-to-buffer buffer)
+    (vip-change-mode-to-vi)))
+
+(defun vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window ()
+  "Switch to buffer in another window."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (buffer)
+    (setq buffer
+          (read-buffer
+           (format "Switch to buffer \(%s\): "
+                   (buffer-name (other-buffer (current-buffer))))))
+    (switch-to-buffer-other-window buffer)
+    (vip-change-mode-to-vi)))
+
+(defun vip-kill-buffer ()
+  "Kill a buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (buffer buffer-name)
+    (setq buffer-name
+          (read-buffer
+           (format "Kill buffer \(%s\): "
+                   (buffer-name (current-buffer)))))
+    (setq buffer
+          (if (null buffer-name)
+              (current-buffer)
+            (get-buffer buffer-name)))
+    (if (null buffer) (error "Buffer %s nonexistent." buffer-name))
+    (if (or (not (buffer-modified-p buffer))
+            (y-or-n-p "Buffer is modified, are you sure? "))
+        (kill-buffer buffer)
+      (error "Buffer not killed."))))
+
+(defun vip-find-file ()
+  "Visit file in the current window."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (file)
+    (setq file (read-file-name "visit file: "))
+    (switch-to-buffer (find-file-noselect file))
+    (vip-change-mode-to-vi)))
+
+(defun vip-find-file-other-window ()
+  "Visit file in another window."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (file)
+    (setq file (read-file-name "Visit file: "))
+    (switch-to-buffer-other-window (find-file-noselect file))
+    (vip-change-mode-to-vi)))
+
+(defun vip-info-on-file ()
+  "Give information of the file associated to the current buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (message "\"%s\" line %d of %d"
+           (if (buffer-file-name) (buffer-file-name) "")
+           (1+ (count-lines (point-min) (point)))
+           (1+ (count-lines (point-min) (point-max)))))
+
+
+;; yank and pop
+
+(defun vip-yank (text)
+  "yank TEXT silently."
+  (save-excursion
+    (vip-push-mark-silent (point))
+    (insert text)
+    (exchange-point-and-mark))
+  (skip-chars-forward " \t"))
+
+(defun vip-put-back (arg)
+  "Put back after point/below line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (text (if vip-use-register
+                  (if (and (<= ?1 vip-use-register) (<= vip-use-register ?9))
+                      (nth (- vip-use-register 49) kill-ring-yank-pointer)
+                    (get-register vip-use-register))
+                (car kill-ring-yank-pointer))))
+    (if (null text)
+        (if vip-use-register
+            (let ((reg vip-use-register))
+              (setq vip-use-register nil)
+              (error "Nothing in register %c" reg))
+          (error "")))
+    (setq vip-use-register nil)
+    (if (vip-end-with-a-newline-p text)
+        (progn
+          (next-line 1)
+          (beginning-of-line))
+      (if (and (not (eolp)) (not (eobp))) (forward-char)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-put-back val nil vip-use-register))
+    (vip-loop val (vip-yank text))))
+
+(defun vip-Put-back (arg)
+  "Put back at point/above line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg))
+        (text (if vip-use-register
+                  (if (and (<= ?1 vip-use-register) (<= vip-use-register ?9))
+                      (nth (- vip-use-register 49) kill-ring-yank-pointer)
+                    (get-register vip-use-register))
+                (car kill-ring-yank-pointer))))
+    (if (null text)
+        (if vip-use-register
+            (let ((reg vip-use-register))
+              (setq vip-use-register nil)
+              (error "Nothing in register %c" reg))
+          (error "")))
+    (setq vip-use-register nil)
+    (if (vip-end-with-a-newline-p text) (beginning-of-line))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-Put-back val nil vip-use-register))
+    (vip-loop val (vip-yank text))))
+
+(defun vip-delete-char (arg)
+  "Delete character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-delete-char val nil))
+    (if vip-use-register
+        (progn
+          (if (and (<= ?A vip-use-register) (<= vip-use-register ?Z))
+              (vip-append-to-register
+               (+ vip-use-register 32) (point) (- (point) val) nil)
+            (copy-to-register vip-use-register (point) (- (point) val) nil))
+          (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+    (delete-char val t)))
+
+(defun vip-delete-backward-char (arg)
+  "Delete previous character."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((val (vip-p-val arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-delete-backward-char val nil))
+    (if vip-use-register
+        (progn
+          (if (and (<= ?A vip-use-register) (<= vip-use-register ?Z))
+              (vip-append-to-register
+               (+ vip-use-register 32) (point) (+ (point) val) nil)
+            (copy-to-register vip-use-register (point) (+ (point) val) nil))
+          (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+    (delete-backward-char val t)))
+
+
+;; join lines.
+
+(defun vip-join-lines (arg)
+  "Join this line to next, if ARG is nil.  Otherwise, join ARG lines"
+  (interactive "*P")
+  (let ((val (vip-P-val arg)))
+    (setq vip-d-com (list 'vip-join-lines val nil))
+    (vip-loop (if (null val) 1 (1- val))
+          (progn
+            (end-of-line)
+            (if (not (eobp))
+                (progn
+                  (forward-line 1)
+                  (delete-region (point) (1- (point)))
+                  (fixup-whitespace)))))))
+
+
+;; making small changes
+
+(defun vip-change (beg end)
+  (setq c-string
+        (vip-read-string (format "%s => " (buffer-substring beg end))))
+  (vip-change-subr beg end))
+
+(defun vip-change-subr (beg end)
+  (if vip-use-register
+      (progn
+        (copy-to-register vip-use-register beg end nil)
+        (setq vip-use-register nil)))
+  (kill-region beg end)
+  (setq this-command 'vip-change)
+  (insert c-string))
+
+
+;; query replace
+
+(defun vip-query-replace ()
+  "Query replace.  If you supply null string as the string to be replaced,
+the query replace mode will toggle between string replace and regexp replace."
+  (interactive)
+  (let (str)
+    (setq str (vip-read-string
+               (if vip-re-query-replace "Query replace regexp: "
+                 "Query replace: ")))
+    (if (string= str "")
+        (progn
+          (setq vip-re-query-replace (not vip-re-query-replace))
+          (message "Query replace mode changed to %s."
+                   (if vip-re-query-replace "regexp replace"
+                     "string replace")))
+      (if vip-re-query-replace
+          (query-replace-regexp
+           str
+           (vip-read-string (format "Query replace regexp \"%s\" with: " str)))
+        (query-replace
+         str
+         (vip-read-string (format "Query replace \"%s\" with: " str)))))))
+
+
+;; marking
+
+(defun vip-mark-beginning-of-buffer ()
+  (interactive)
+  (set-mark (point))
+  (goto-char (point-min))
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (message "mark set at the beginning of buffer"))
+
+(defun vip-mark-end-of-buffer ()
+  (interactive)
+  (set-mark (point))
+  (goto-char (point-max))
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (message "mark set at the end of buffer"))
+
+(defun vip-mark-point (char)
+  (interactive "c")
+  (cond ((and (<= ?a char) (<= char ?z))
+         (point-to-register (- char (- ?a ?\C-a))))
+        ((= char ?<) (vip-mark-beginning-of-buffer))
+        ((= char ?>) (vip-mark-end-of-buffer))
+        ((= char ?.) (push-mark))
+        ((= char ?,) (set-mark-command 1))
+        ((= char ?D) (mark-defun))
+        (t (error ""))))
+
+(defun vip-goto-mark (arg)
+  "Go to mark."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((char (read-char)) (com (vip-getcom arg)))
+    (vip-goto-mark-subr char com nil)))
+
+(defun vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white (arg)
+  "Go to mark and skip to first non-white on line."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (let ((char (read-char)) (com (vip-getCom arg)))
+    (vip-goto-mark-subr char com t)))
+
+(defun vip-goto-mark-subr (char com skip-white)
+  (cond ((and (<= ?a char) (<= char ?z))
+         (let ((buff (current-buffer)))
+           (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+           (goto-char (register-to-point (- char (- ?a ?\C-a))))
+           (if skip-white (back-to-indentation))
+           (vip-change-mode-to-vi)
+           (if com
+               (if (equal buff (current-buffer))
+                   (vip-execute-com (if skip-white
+                                        'vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white
+                                      'vip-goto-mark)
+                                    nil com)
+                 (switch-to-buffer buff)
+                 (goto-char vip-com-point)
+                 (vip-change-mode-to-vi)
+                 (error "")))))
+        ((and (not skip-white) (= char ?`))
+         (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+         (exchange-point-and-mark)
+         (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-mark nil com)))
+        ((and skip-white (= char ?'))
+         (if com (move-marker vip-com-point (point)))
+         (exchange-point-and-mark)
+         (back-to-indentation)
+         (if com (vip-execute-com 'vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white nil com)))
+        (t (error ""))))
+
+(defun vip-exchange-point-and-mark ()
+  (interactive)
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (back-to-indentation))
+
+(defun vip-keyboard-quit ()
+  "Abort partially formed or running command."
+  (interactive)
+  (setq vip-use-register nil)
+  (keyboard-quit))
+
+(defun vip-ctl-c-equivalent (arg)
+  "Emulate C-c in Emacs mode."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-ctl-key-equivalent "\C-c" arg))
+
+(defun vip-ctl-x-equivalent (arg)
+  "Emulate C-x in Emacs mode."
+  (interactive "P")
+  (vip-ctl-key-equivalent "\C-x" arg))
+
+(defun vip-ctl-key-equivalent (key arg)
+  (let ((char (read-char)))
+    (if (and (<= ?A char) (<= char ?Z))
+        (setq char (- char (- ?A ?\C-a))))
+          (setq prefix-arg arg)
+          (command-execute
+           (vip-get-editor-command
+            vip-emacs-local-map global-map
+            (format "%s%s" key (char-to-string char))))))
+  
+
+;; commands in insertion mode
+
+(defun vip-delete-backward-word (arg)
+  "Delete previous word."
+  (interactive "p")
+  (save-excursion
+    (set-mark (point))
+    (backward-word arg)
+    (delete-region (point) (mark))))
+
+
+;; key bindings
+
+(set 'vip-mode-map (make-keymap))
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-a" 'beginning-of-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-b" 'vip-scroll-back)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-c" 'vip-ctl-c)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-d" 'vip-scroll-up)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-e" 'vip-scroll-up-one)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-f" 'vip-scroll)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-g" 'vip-keyboard-quit)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-h" 'help-command)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-m" 'vip-scroll-back)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-n" 'vip-other-window)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-o" 'vip-open-line-at-point)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-u" 'vip-scroll-down)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-x" 'vip-ctl-x)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-y" 'vip-scroll-down-one)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\C-z" 'vip-change-mode-to-emacs)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\e" 'vip-ESC)
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map " " 'vip-scroll)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "!" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\"" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "#" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "$" 'vip-goto-eol)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "%" 'vip-paren-match)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "&" 'vip-nil)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "'" 'vip-goto-mark-and-skip-white)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "(" 'vip-backward-sentence)
+(define-key vip-mode-map ")" 'vip-forward-sentence)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "*" 'call-last-kbd-macro)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "+" 'vip-next-line-at-bol)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "," 'vip-repeat-find-opposite)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "-" 'vip-previous-line-at-bol)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "." 'vip-repeat)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "/" 'vip-search-forward)
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map "0" 'vip-beginning-of-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "1" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "2" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "3" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "4" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "5" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "6" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "7" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "8" 'vip-digit-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "9" 'vip-digit-argument)
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map ":" 'vip-ex)
+(define-key vip-mode-map ";" 'vip-repeat-find)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "<" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "=" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map ">" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "?" 'vip-search-backward)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "@" 'vip-nil)
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map "A" 'vip-Append)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "B" 'vip-backward-Word)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "C" 'vip-ctl-c-equivalent)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "D" 'vip-kill-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "E" 'vip-end-of-Word)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "F" 'vip-find-char-backward)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "G" 'vip-goto-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "H" 'vip-window-top)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "I" 'vip-Insert)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "J" 'vip-join-lines)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "K" 'vip-kill-buffer)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "L" 'vip-window-bottom)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "M" 'vip-window-middle)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "N" 'vip-search-Next)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "O" 'vip-Open-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "P" 'vip-Put-back)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "Q" 'vip-query-replace)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "R" 'vip-replace-string)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "S" 'vip-switch-to-buffer-other-window)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "T" 'vip-goto-char-backward)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "U" 'vip-nil)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "V" 'vip-find-file-other-window)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "W" 'vip-forward-Word)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "X" 'vip-ctl-x-equivalent)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "Y" 'vip-yank-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "ZZ" 'save-buffers-kill-emacs)
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map "[" 'vip-nil)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\\" 'vip-escape-to-emacs)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "]" 'vip-nil)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "^" 'vip-bol-and-skip-white)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "_" 'vip-nil)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "`" 'vip-goto-mark)
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map "a" 'vip-append)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "b" 'vip-backward-word)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "c" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "d" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "e" 'vip-end-of-word)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "f" 'vip-find-char-forward)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "g" 'vip-info-on-file)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "h" 'vip-backward-char)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "i" 'vip-insert)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "j" 'vip-next-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "k" 'vip-previous-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "l" 'vip-forward-char)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "m" 'vip-mark-point)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "n" 'vip-search-next)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "o" 'vip-open-line)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "p" 'vip-put-back)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "q" 'vip-nil)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "r" 'vip-replace-char)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "s" 'vip-switch-to-buffer)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "t" 'vip-goto-char-forward)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "u" 'vip-undo)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "v" 'vip-find-file)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "w" 'vip-forward-word)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "x" 'vip-delete-char)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "y" 'vip-command-argument)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "zH" 'vip-line-to-top)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "zM" 'vip-line-to-middle)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "zL" 'vip-line-to-bottom)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "z\C-m" 'vip-line-to-top)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "z." 'vip-line-to-middle)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "z-" 'vip-line-to-bottom)
+
+(define-key vip-mode-map "{" 'vip-backward-paragraph)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "|" 'vip-goto-col)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "}" 'vip-forward-paragraph)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "~" 'vip-nil)
+(define-key vip-mode-map "\177" 'vip-delete-backward-char)
+
+(define-key ctl-x-map "3" 'vip-buffer-in-two-windows)
+(define-key ctl-x-map "\C-i" 'insert-file)
+
+(defun vip-version ()
+  (interactive)
+  (message "VIP version 3.5 of September 15, 1987"))
+
+
+;; implement ex commands
+
+(defvar ex-token-type nil
+  "type of token.  if non-nil, gives type of address.  if nil, it
+is a command.")
+
+(defvar ex-token nil
+  "value of token.")
+
+(defvar ex-addresses nil
+  "list of ex addresses")
+
+(defvar ex-flag nil
+  "flag for ex flag")
+
+(defvar ex-buffer nil
+  "name of ex buffer")
+
+(defvar ex-count nil
+  "value of ex count")
+
+(defvar ex-g-flag nil
+  "flag for global command")
+
+(defvar ex-g-variant nil
+  "if t global command is executed on lines not matching ex-g-pat")
+
+(defvar ex-reg-exp nil
+  "save reg-exp used in substitute")
+
+(defvar ex-repl nil
+  "replace pattern for substitute")
+
+(defvar ex-g-pat nil
+  "pattern for global command")
+
+(defvar ex-map (make-sparse-keymap)
+  "save commnads for mapped keys")
+
+(defvar ex-tag nil
+  "save ex tag")
+
+(defvar ex-file nil)
+
+(defvar ex-variant nil)
+
+(defvar ex-offset nil)
+
+(defvar ex-append nil)
+
+(defun vip-nil ()
+  (interactive)
+  (error ""))
+
+(defun vip-looking-back (str)
+  "returns t if looking back reg-exp STR before point."
+  (and (save-excursion (re-search-backward str nil t))
+       (= (point) (match-end 0))))
+
+(defun vip-check-sub (str)
+  "check if ex-token is an initial segment of STR"
+  (let ((length (length ex-token)))
+    (if (and (<= length (length str))
+             (string= ex-token (substring str 0 length)))
+        (setq ex-token str)
+      (setq ex-token-type "non-command"))))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-com-subr ()
+  "get a complete ex command"
+  (set-mark (point))
+  (re-search-forward "[a-z][a-z]*")
+  (setq ex-token-type "command")
+  (setq ex-token (buffer-substring (point) (mark)))
+  (exchange-point-and-mark)
+  (cond ((looking-at "a")
+         (cond ((looking-at "ab") (vip-check-sub "abbreviate"))
+               ((looking-at "ar") (vip-check-sub "args"))
+               (t (vip-check-sub "append"))))
+        ((looking-at "[bh]") (setq ex-token-type "non-command"))
+        ((looking-at "c")
+         (if (looking-at "co") (vip-check-sub "copy")
+           (vip-check-sub "change")))
+        ((looking-at "d") (vip-check-sub "delete"))
+        ((looking-at "e")
+         (if (looking-at "ex") (vip-check-sub "ex")
+           (vip-check-sub "edit")))
+        ((looking-at "f") (vip-check-sub "file"))
+        ((looking-at "g") (vip-check-sub "global"))
+        ((looking-at "i") (vip-check-sub "insert"))
+        ((looking-at "j") (vip-check-sub "join"))
+        ((looking-at "l") (vip-check-sub "list"))
+        ((looking-at "m")
+         (cond ((looking-at "map") (vip-check-sub "map"))
+               ((looking-at "mar") (vip-check-sub "mark"))
+               (t (vip-check-sub "move"))))
+        ((looking-at "n")
+         (if (looking-at "nu") (vip-check-sub "number")
+           (vip-check-sub "next")))
+        ((looking-at "o") (vip-check-sub "open"))
+        ((looking-at "p")
+         (cond ((looking-at "pre") (vip-check-sub "preserve"))
+               ((looking-at "pu") (vip-check-sub "put"))
+               (t (vip-check-sub "print"))))
+        ((looking-at "q") (vip-check-sub "quit"))
+        ((looking-at "r")
+         (cond ((looking-at "rec") (vip-check-sub "recover"))
+               ((looking-at "rew") (vip-check-sub "rewind"))
+               (t (vip-check-sub "read"))))
+        ((looking-at "s")
+         (cond ((looking-at "se") (vip-check-sub "set"))
+               ((looking-at "sh") (vip-check-sub "shell"))
+               ((looking-at "so") (vip-check-sub "source"))
+               ((looking-at "st") (vip-check-sub "stop"))
+               (t (vip-check-sub "substitute"))))
+        ((looking-at "t")
+         (if (looking-at "ta") (vip-check-sub "tag")
+           (vip-check-sub "t")))
+        ((looking-at "u")
+         (cond ((looking-at "una") (vip-check-sub "unabbreviate"))
+               ((looking-at "unm") (vip-check-sub "unmap"))
+               (t (vip-check-sub "undo"))))
+        ((looking-at "v")
+         (cond ((looking-at "ve") (vip-check-sub "version"))
+               ((looking-at "vi") (vip-check-sub "visual"))
+               (t (vip-check-sub "v"))))
+        ((looking-at "w")
+         (if (looking-at "wq") (vip-check-sub "wq")
+           (vip-check-sub "write")))
+        ((looking-at "x") (vip-check-sub "xit"))
+        ((looking-at "y") (vip-check-sub "yank"))
+        ((looking-at "z") (vip-check-sub "z")))
+  (exchange-point-and-mark))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-token ()
+  "get an ex-token which is either an address or a command.
+a token has type \(command, address, end-mark\) and value."
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (cond ((looking-at "[k#]")
+           (setq ex-token-type "command")
+           (setq ex-token (char-to-string (following-char)))
+           (forward-char 1))
+          ((looking-at "[a-z]") (vip-get-ex-com-subr))
+          ((looking-at "\\.")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (setq ex-token-type "dot"))
+          ((looking-at "[0-9]")
+           (set-mark (point))
+           (re-search-forward "[0-9]*")
+           (setq ex-token-type
+                 (cond ((string= ex-token-type "plus") "add-number")
+                       ((string= ex-token-type "minus") "sub-number")
+                       (t "abs-number")))
+           (setq ex-token (string-to-int (buffer-substring (point) (mark)))))
+          ((looking-at "\\$")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (setq ex-token-type "end"))
+          ((looking-at "%")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (setq ex-token-type "whole"))
+          ((looking-at "+")
+           (cond ((or (looking-at "+[-+]") (looking-at "+[\n|]"))
+                  (forward-char 1)
+                  (insert "1")
+                  (backward-char 1)
+                  (setq ex-token-type "plus"))
+                 ((looking-at "+[0-9]")
+                  (forward-char 1)
+                  (setq ex-token-type "plus"))
+                 (t
+                  (error "Badly formed address"))))
+          ((looking-at "-")
+           (cond ((or (looking-at "-[-+]") (looking-at "-[\n|]"))
+                  (forward-char 1)
+                  (insert "1")
+                  (backward-char 1)
+                  (setq ex-token-type "minus"))
+                 ((looking-at "-[0-9]")
+                  (forward-char 1)
+                  (setq ex-token-type "minus"))
+                 (t
+                  (error "Badly formed address"))))
+          ((looking-at "/")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (set-mark (point))
+           (let ((cont t))
+             (while (and (not (eolp)) cont)
+               ;;(re-search-forward "[^/]*/")
+               (re-search-forward "[^/]*\\(/\\|\n\\)")
+               (if (not (vip-looking-back "[^\\\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\\\/"))
+                   (setq cont nil))))
+           (backward-char 1)
+           (setq ex-token (buffer-substring (point) (mark)))
+           (if (looking-at "/") (forward-char 1))
+           (setq ex-token-type "search-forward"))
+          ((looking-at "\\?")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (set-mark (point))
+           (let ((cont t))
+             (while (and (not (eolp)) cont)
+               ;;(re-search-forward "[^\\?]*\\?")
+               (re-search-forward "[^\\?]*\\(\\?\\|\n\\)")
+               (if (not (vip-looking-back "[^\\\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\\\\\?"))
+                   (setq cont nil))
+               (backward-char 1)
+               (if (not (looking-at "\n")) (forward-char 1))))
+           (setq ex-token-type "search-backward")
+           (setq ex-token (buffer-substring (1- (point)) (mark))))
+          ((looking-at ",")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (setq ex-token-type "comma"))
+          ((looking-at ";")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (setq ex-token-type "semi-colon"))
+          ((looking-at "[!=><&~]")
+           (setq ex-token-type "command")
+           (setq ex-token (char-to-string (following-char)))
+           (forward-char 1))
+          ((looking-at "'")
+           (setq ex-token-type "goto-mark")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           (cond ((looking-at "'") (setq ex-token nil))
+                 ((looking-at "[a-z]") (setq ex-token (following-char)))
+                 (t (error "Marks are ' and a-z")))
+           (forward-char 1))
+          ((looking-at "\n")
+           (setq ex-token-type "end-mark")
+           (setq ex-token "goto"))
+          (t
+           (error "illegal token")))))
+
+(defun vip-ex (&optional string)
+  "ex commands within VIP."
+  (interactive)
+  (or string
+      (setq ex-g-flag nil
+            ex-g-variant nil))
+  (let ((com-str (or string (vip-read-string ":")))
+        (address nil) (cont t) (dot (point)))
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer (get-buffer-create " *ex-working-space*"))
+      (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
+      (insert com-str "\n")
+      (goto-char (point-min)))
+    (setq ex-token-type "")
+    (setq ex-addresses nil)
+    (while cont
+      (vip-get-ex-token)
+      (cond ((or (string= ex-token-type "command")
+                 (string= ex-token-type "end-mark"))
+             (if address (setq ex-addresses (cons address ex-addresses)))
+             (cond ((string= ex-token "global")
+                    (ex-global nil)
+                    (setq cont nil))
+                   ((string= ex-token "v")
+                    (ex-global t)
+                    (setq cont nil))
+                   (t
+                    (vip-execute-ex-command)
+                    (save-window-excursion
+                      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+                      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+                      (cond ((looking-at "|")
+                             (forward-char 1))
+                            ((looking-at "\n")
+                             (setq cont nil))
+                            (t (error "Extra character at end of a command")))))))
+            ((string= ex-token-type "non-command")
+             (error (format "%s: Not an editor command" ex-token)))
+            ((string= ex-token-type "whole")
+             (setq ex-addresses
+                   (cons (point-max) (cons (point-min) ex-addresses))))
+            ((string= ex-token-type "comma")
+             (setq ex-addresses
+                   (cons (if (null address) (point) address) ex-addresses)))
+            ((string= ex-token-type "semi-colon")
+             (if address (setq dot address))
+             (setq ex-addresses
+                   (cons (if (null address) (point) address) ex-addresses)))
+            (t (let ((ans (vip-get-ex-address-subr address dot)))
+                 (if ans (setq address ans))))))))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-pat ()
+  "get a regular expression and set ex-variant if found"
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (if (looking-at "!")
+        (progn
+          (setq ex-g-variant (not ex-g-variant)
+                ex-g-flag (not ex-g-flag))
+          (forward-char 1)
+          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+    (if (looking-at "/")
+        (progn
+          (forward-char 1)
+          (set-mark (point))
+          (let ((cont t))
+            (while (and (not (eolp)) cont)
+              (re-search-forward "[^/]*\\(/\\|\n\\)")
+              ;;(re-search-forward "[^/]*/")
+              (if (not (vip-looking-back "[^\\\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\\\/"))
+                  (setq cont nil))))
+          (setq ex-token
+                (if (= (mark) (point)) ""
+                  (buffer-substring (1- (point)) (mark))))
+          (backward-char 1))
+      (setq ex-token nil))))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-command ()
+  "get an ex command"
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (if (looking-at "/") (forward-char 1))
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (cond ((looking-at "[a-z]")
+           (vip-get-ex-com-subr)
+           (if (string= ex-token-type "non-command")
+               (error "%s: not an editor command" ex-token)))
+          ((looking-at "[!=><&~]")
+           (setq ex-token (char-to-string (following-char)))
+           (forward-char 1))
+          (t (error "Could not find an ex command")))))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-opt-gc ()
+  "get an ex option g or c"
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (if (looking-at "/") (forward-char 1))
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (cond ((looking-at "g")
+           (setq ex-token "g")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           t)
+          ((looking-at "c")
+           (setq ex-token "c")
+           (forward-char 1)
+           t)
+          (t nil))))
+
+(defun vip-default-ex-addresses (&optional whole-flag)
+  "compute default addresses.  whole-flag means whole buffer."
+  (cond ((null ex-addresses)
+         (setq ex-addresses
+               (if whole-flag
+                   (cons (point-max) (cons (point-min) nil))
+                 (cons (point) (cons (point) nil)))))
+        ((null (cdr ex-addresses))
+         (setq ex-addresses
+               (cons (car ex-addresses) ex-addresses)))))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-address ()
+  "get an ex-address as a marker and set ex-flag if a flag is found"
+  (let ((address (point-marker)) (cont t))
+    (setq ex-token "")
+    (setq ex-flag nil)
+    (while cont
+      (vip-get-ex-token)
+      (cond ((string= ex-token-type "command")
+             (if (or (string= ex-token "print") (string= ex-token "list")
+                     (string= ex-token "#"))
+                 (progn
+                   (setq ex-flag t)
+                   (setq cont nil))
+             (error "address expected")))
+            ((string= ex-token-type "end-mark")
+             (setq cont nil))
+            ((string= ex-token-type "whole")
+             (error "a trailing address is expected"))
+            ((string= ex-token-type "comma")
+             (error "Extra characters after an address"))
+            (t (let ((ans (vip-get-ex-address-subr address (point-marker))))
+                 (if ans (setq address ans))))))
+    address))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-address-subr (old-address dot)
+  "returns an address as a point"
+  (let ((address nil))
+    (if (null old-address) (setq old-address dot))
+    (cond ((string= ex-token-type "dot")
+           (setq address dot))
+          ((string= ex-token-type "add-number")
+           (save-excursion
+             (goto-char old-address)
+             (forward-line (if (= old-address 0) (1- ex-token) ex-token))
+             (setq address (point-marker))))
+          ((string= ex-token-type "sub-number")
+           (save-excursion
+             (goto-char old-address)
+             (forward-line (- ex-token))
+             (setq address (point-marker))))
+          ((string= ex-token-type "abs-number")
+           (save-excursion
+             (goto-char (point-min))
+             (if (= ex-token 0) (setq address 0)
+               (forward-line (1- ex-token))
+               (setq address (point-marker)))))
+          ((string= ex-token-type "end")
+           (setq address (point-max-marker)))
+          ((string= ex-token-type "plus") t);; do nothing
+          ((string= ex-token-type "minus") t);; do nothing
+          ((string= ex-token-type "search-forward")
+           (save-excursion
+             (ex-search-address t)
+             (setq address (point-marker))))
+          ((string= ex-token-type "search-backward")
+           (save-excursion
+             (ex-search-address nil)
+             (setq address (point-marker))))
+          ((string= ex-token-type "goto-mark")
+           (save-excursion
+             (if (null ex-token)
+                 (exchange-point-and-mark)
+               (goto-char (register-to-point (- ex-token (- ?a ?\C-a)))))
+             (setq address (point-marker)))))
+    address))
+
+(defun ex-search-address (forward)
+  "search pattern and set address"
+  (if (string= ex-token "")
+      (if (null vip-s-string) (error "No previous search string")
+        (setq ex-token vip-s-string))
+    (setq vip-s-string ex-token))
+  (if forward
+      (progn
+        (forward-line 1)
+        (re-search-forward ex-token))
+    (forward-line -1)
+    (re-search-backward ex-token)))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-buffer ()
+  "get a buffer name and set ex-count and ex-flag if found"
+  (setq ex-buffer nil)
+  (setq ex-count nil)
+  (setq ex-flag nil)
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (if (looking-at "[a-zA-Z]")
+        (progn
+          (setq ex-buffer (following-char))
+          (forward-char 1)
+          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+    (if (looking-at "[0-9]")
+        (progn
+          (set-mark (point))
+          (re-search-forward "[0-9][0-9]*")
+          (setq ex-count (string-to-int (buffer-substring (point) (mark))))
+          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+    (if (looking-at "[pl#]")
+        (progn
+          (setq ex-flag t)
+          (forward-char 1)))
+    (if (not (looking-at "[\n|]"))
+        (error "Illegal extra characters"))))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-count ()
+  (setq ex-variant nil
+        ex-count nil
+        ex-flag nil)
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (if (looking-at "!")
+        (progn
+          (setq ex-variant t)
+          (forward-char 1)))
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (if (looking-at "[0-9]")
+        (progn
+          (set-mark (point))
+          (re-search-forward "[0-9][0-9]*")
+          (setq ex-count (string-to-int (buffer-substring (point) (mark))))
+          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+    (if (looking-at "[pl#]")
+        (progn
+          (setq ex-flag t)
+          (forward-char 1)))
+    (if (not (looking-at "[\n|]"))
+        (error "Illegal extra characters"))))
+
+(defun vip-get-ex-file ()
+  "get a file name and set ex-variant, ex-append and ex-offset if found"
+  (setq ex-file nil
+        ex-variant nil
+        ex-append nil
+        ex-offset nil)
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+    (if (looking-at "!")
+        (progn
+          (setq ex-variant t)
+          (forward-char 1)
+          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+    (if (looking-at ">>")
+        (progn
+          (setq ex-append t
+                ex-variant t)
+          (forward-char 2)
+          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+    (if (looking-at "+")
+        (progn
+          (forward-char 1)
+          (set-mark (point))
+          (re-search-forward "[ \t\n]")
+          (backward-char 1)
+          (setq ex-offset (buffer-substring (point) (mark)))
+          (forward-char 1)
+          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
+    (set-mark (point))
+    (re-search-forward "[ \t\n]")
+    (backward-char 1)
+    (setq ex-file (buffer-substring (point) (mark)))))
+
+(defun vip-execute-ex-command ()
+  "execute ex command using the value of addresses."
+  (cond ((string= ex-token "goto") (ex-goto))
+        ((string= ex-token "copy") (ex-copy nil))
+        ((string= ex-token "delete") (ex-delete))
+        ((string= ex-token "edit") (ex-edit))
+        ((string= ex-token "file") (vip-info-on-file))
+        ;((string= ex-token "global") (ex-global nil))
+        ((string= ex-token "join") (ex-line "join"))
+        ((string= ex-token "k") (ex-mark))
+        ((string= ex-token "mark") (ex-mark))
+        ((string= ex-token "map") (ex-map))
+        ((string= ex-token "move") (ex-copy t))
+        ((string= ex-token "put") (ex-put))
+        ((string= ex-token "quit") (ex-quit))
+        ((string= ex-token "read") (ex-read))
+        ((string= ex-token "set") (ex-set))
+        ((string= ex-token "shell") (ex-shell))
+        ((string= ex-token "substitute") (ex-substitute))
+        ((string= ex-token "stop") (suspend-emacs))
+        ((string= ex-token "t") (ex-copy nil))
+        ((string= ex-token "tag") (ex-tag))
+        ((string= ex-token "undo") (vip-undo))
+        ((string= ex-token "unmap") (ex-unmap))
+        ;((string= ex-token "v") (ex-global t))
+        ((string= ex-token "version") (vip-version))
+        ((string= ex-token "visual") (ex-edit))
+        ((string= ex-token "write") (ex-write nil))
+        ((string= ex-token "wq") (ex-write t))
+        ((string= ex-token "yank") (ex-yank))
+        ((string= ex-token "!") (ex-command))
+        ((string= ex-token "=") (ex-line-no))
+        ((string= ex-token ">") (ex-line "right"))
+        ((string= ex-token "<") (ex-line "left"))
+        ((string= ex-token "&") (ex-substitute t))
+        ((string= ex-token "~") (ex-substitute t t))
+        ((or (string= ex-token "append")
+             (string= ex-token "args")
+             (string= ex-token "change")
+             (string= ex-token "insert")
+             (string= ex-token "open")
+             )
+         (error (format "%s: no such command from VIP" ex-token)))
+        ((or (string= ex-token "abbreviate")
+             (string= ex-token "list")
+             (string= ex-token "next")
+             (string= ex-token "print")
+             (string= ex-token "preserve")
+             (string= ex-token "recover")
+             (string= ex-token "rewind")
+             (string= ex-token "source")
+             (string= ex-token "unabbreviate")
+             (string= ex-token "xit")
+             (string= ex-token "z")
+             )
+         (error (format "%s: not implemented in VIP" ex-token)))
+        (t (error (format "%s: Not an editor command" ex-token)))))
+
+(defun ex-goto ()
+  "ex goto command"
+  (if (null ex-addresses)
+      (setq ex-addresses (cons (dot) nil)))
+  (push-mark (point))
+  (goto-char (car ex-addresses))
+  (beginning-of-line))
+
+(defun ex-copy (del-flag)
+  "ex copy and move command.  DEL-FLAG means delete."
+  (vip-default-ex-addresses)
+  (let ((address (vip-get-ex-address))
+        (end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
+    (goto-char end)
+    (save-excursion
+      (set-mark beg)
+      (vip-enlarge-region (mark) (point))
+      (if del-flag (kill-region (point) (mark))
+        (copy-region-as-kill (point) (mark)))
+      (if ex-flag
+          (progn
+            (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*copy text*"
+              (princ
+               (if (or del-flag ex-g-flag ex-g-variant)
+                   (car kill-ring-yank-pointer)
+                 (buffer-substring (point) (mark)))))
+            (condition-case nil
+                (progn
+                  (vip-read-string "[Hit return to continue] ")
+                  (save-excursion (kill-buffer "*copy text*")))
+              (quit
+               (save-excursion (kill-buffer "*copy text*"))
+               (signal 'quit nil))))))
+      (if (= address 0)
+          (goto-char (point-min))
+        (goto-char address)
+        (forward-line 1))
+      (insert (car kill-ring-yank-pointer))))
+
+(defun ex-delete ()
+  "ex delete"
+  (vip-default-ex-addresses)
+  (vip-get-ex-buffer)
+  (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
+    (if (> beg end) (error "First address exceeds second"))
+    (save-excursion
+      (vip-enlarge-region beg end)
+      (exchange-point-and-mark)
+      (if ex-count
+          (progn
+            (set-mark (point))
+            (forward-line (1- ex-count)))
+        (set-mark end))
+      (vip-enlarge-region (point) (mark))
+      (if ex-flag
+          ;; show text to be deleted and ask for confirmation
+          (progn
+            (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *delete text*"
+              (princ (buffer-substring (point) (mark))))
+            (condition-case conditions
+                (vip-read-string "[Hit return to continue] ")
+              (quit
+               (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *delete text*"))
+               (error "")))
+            (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *delete text*")))
+        (if ex-buffer
+            (if (and (<= ?A ex-buffer) (<= ex-buffer ?Z))
+                (vip-append-to-register
+                 (+ ex-buffer 32) (point) (mark) nil)
+              (copy-to-register ex-buffer (point) (mark) nil)))
+        (delete-region (point) (mark))))))
+
+(defun ex-edit ()
+  "ex-edit"
+  (vip-get-ex-file)
+  (if (and (not ex-variant) (buffer-modified-p) buffer-file-name)
+      (error "No write since last change \(:e! overrides\)"))
+  (vip-change-mode-to-emacs)
+  (set-buffer
+   (find-file-noselect (concat default-directory ex-file)))
+  (vip-change-mode-to-vi)
+  (goto-char (point-min))
+  (if ex-offset
+      (progn
+        (save-window-excursion
+          (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+          (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
+          (insert ex-offset "\n")
+          (goto-char (point-min)))
+        (goto-char (vip-get-ex-address))
+        (beginning-of-line))))
+
+(defun ex-global (variant)
+  "ex global command"
+  (if (or ex-g-flag ex-g-variant)
+      (error "Global within global not allowed")
+    (if variant
+        (setq ex-g-flag nil
+              ex-g-variant t)
+      (setq ex-g-flag t
+            ex-g-variant nil)))
+  (vip-get-ex-pat)
+  (if (null ex-token)
+      (error "Missing regular expression for global command"))
+  (if (string= ex-token "")
+      (if (null vip-s-string) (error "No previous search string")
+        (setq ex-g-pat vip-s-string))
+    (setq ex-g-pat ex-token
+          vip-s-string ex-token))
+  (if (null ex-addresses)
+      (setq ex-addresses (list (point-max) (point-min))))
+  (let ((marks nil) (mark-count 0)
+        com-str (end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
+    (if (> beg end) (error "First address exceeds second"))
+    (save-excursion
+      (vip-enlarge-region beg end)
+      (exchange-point-and-mark)
+      (let ((cont t) (limit (point-marker)))
+        (exchange-point-and-mark)
+        ;; skip the last line if empty
+        (beginning-of-line)
+        (if (and (eobp) (not (bobp))) (backward-char 1))
+        (while (and cont (not (bobp)) (>= (point) limit))
+          (beginning-of-line)
+          (set-mark (point))
+          (end-of-line)
+          (let ((found (re-search-backward ex-g-pat (mark) t)))
+            (if (or (and ex-g-flag found)
+                    (and ex-g-variant (not found)))
+                (progn
+                  (end-of-line)
+                  (setq mark-count (1+ mark-count))
+                  (setq marks (cons (point-marker) marks)))))
+          (beginning-of-line)
+          (if (bobp) (setq cont nil)
+            (forward-line -1)
+            (end-of-line)))))
+  (save-window-excursion
+    (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+    (setq com-str (buffer-substring (1+ (point)) (1- (point-max)))))
+  (while marks
+    (goto-char (car marks))
+    ; report progress of execution on a slow machine.
+    ;(message "Executing global command...")
+    ;(if (zerop (% mark-count 10))
+        ;(message "Executing global command...%d" mark-count))
+    (vip-ex com-str)
+    (setq mark-count (1- mark-count))
+    (setq marks (cdr marks)))))
+  ;(message "Executing global command...done")))
+
+(defun ex-line (com)
+  "ex line commands.  COM is join, shift-right or shift-left."
+  (vip-default-ex-addresses)
+  (vip-get-ex-count)
+  (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))) point)
+    (if (> beg end) (error "First address exceeds second"))
+    (save-excursion
+      (vip-enlarge-region beg end)
+      (exchange-point-and-mark)
+      (if ex-count
+          (progn
+            (set-mark (point))
+            (forward-line ex-count)))
+      (if ex-flag
+          ;; show text to be joined and ask for confirmation
+          (progn
+            (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *text*"
+              (princ (buffer-substring (point) (mark))))
+            (condition-case conditions
+                (progn
+                  (vip-read-string "[Hit return to continue] ")
+                  (ex-line-subr com (point) (mark)))
+              (quit
+               (ding)))
+            (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *text*")))
+        (ex-line-subr com (point) (mark)))
+      (setq point (point)))
+    (goto-char (1- point))
+    (beginning-of-line)))
+
+(defun ex-line-subr (com beg end)
+  (cond ((string= com "join")
+         (goto-char (min beg end))
+         (while (and (not (eobp)) (< (point) (max beg end)))
+           (end-of-line)
+           (if (and (<= (point) (max beg end)) (not (eobp)))
+               (progn
+                 (forward-line 1)
+                 (delete-region (point) (1- (point)))
+                 (if (not ex-variant) (fixup-whitespace))))))
+        ((or (string= com "right") (string= com "left"))
+         (indent-rigidly
+          (min beg end) (max beg end)
+          (if (string= com "right") vip-shift-width (- vip-shift-width)))
+         (goto-char (max beg end))
+         (end-of-line)
+         (forward-char 1))))
+
+(defun ex-mark ()
+  "ex mark"
+  (let (char)
+    (if (null ex-addresses)
+        (setq ex-addresses
+              (cons (point) nil)))
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (if (looking-at "[a-z]")
+          (progn
+            (setq char (following-char))
+            (forward-char 1)
+            (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+            (if (not (looking-at "[\n|]"))
+                (error "Extra characters at end of \"k\" command")))
+        (if (looking-at "[\n|]")
+            (error "\"k\" requires a following letter")
+          (error "Mark must specify a letter"))))
+    (save-excursion
+      (goto-char (car ex-addresses))
+      (point-to-register (- char (- ?a ?\C-a))))))
+
+(defun ex-map ()
+  "ex map"
+  (let (char string)
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (setq char (char-to-string (following-char)))
+      (forward-char 1)
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (if (looking-at "[\n|]") (error "Missing rhs"))
+      (set-mark (point))
+      (end-of-buffer)
+      (backward-char 1)
+      (setq string (buffer-substring (mark) (point))))
+    (if (not (lookup-key ex-map char))
+        (define-key ex-map char
+          (or (lookup-key vip-mode-map char) 'vip-nil)))
+    (define-key vip-mode-map char
+      (eval
+       (list 'quote
+             (cons 'lambda
+                   (list '(count)
+                         '(interactive "p")
+                         (list 'execute-kbd-macro string 'count))))))))
+
+(defun ex-unmap ()
+  "ex unmap"
+  (let (char)
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (setq char (char-to-string (following-char)))
+      (forward-char 1)
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (if (not (looking-at "[\n|]")) (error "Macro must be a character")))
+    (if (not (lookup-key ex-map char))
+        (error "That macro wasn't mapped"))
+    (define-key vip-mode-map char (lookup-key ex-map char))
+    (define-key ex-map char nil)))
+
+(defun ex-put ()
+  "ex put"
+  (let ((point (if (null ex-addresses) (point) (car ex-addresses))))
+    (vip-get-ex-buffer)
+    (setq vip-use-register ex-buffer)
+    (goto-char point)
+    (if (= point 0) (vip-Put-back 1) (vip-put-back 1))))
+
+(defun ex-quit ()
+  "ex quit"
+  (let (char)
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (setq char (following-char)))
+    (if (= char ?!) (kill-emacs t) (save-buffers-kill-emacs))))
+
+(defun ex-read ()
+  "ex read"
+  (let ((point (if (null ex-addresses) (point) (car ex-addresses)))
+        (variant nil) command file)
+    (goto-char point)
+    (if (not (= point 0)) (next-line 1))
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (if (looking-at "!")
+          (progn
+            (setq variant t)
+            (forward-char 1)
+            (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+            (set-mark (point))
+            (end-of-line)
+            (setq command (buffer-substring (mark) (point))))
+        (set-mark (point))
+        (re-search-forward "[ \t\n]")
+        (backward-char 1)
+        (setq file (buffer-substring (point) (mark)))))
+      (if variant
+          (shell-command command t)
+        (insert-file file))))
+
+(defun ex-set ()
+  (eval (list 'setq
+              (read-variable "Variable: ")
+              (eval (read-minibuffer "Value: ")))))
+
+(defun ex-shell ()
+  "ex shell"
+  (vip-change-mode-to-emacs)
+  (shell))
+
+(defun ex-substitute (&optional repeat r-flag) 
+  "ex substitute. if REPEAT use previous reg-exp which is ex-reg-exp or
+vip-s-string"
+  (let (pat repl (opt-g nil) (opt-c nil) (matched-pos nil))
+    (if repeat (setq ex-token nil) (vip-get-ex-pat))
+    (if (null ex-token)
+        (setq pat (if r-flag vip-s-string ex-reg-exp)
+              repl ex-repl)
+      (setq pat (if (string= ex-token "") vip-s-string ex-token))
+      (setq vip-s-string pat
+            ex-reg-exp pat)
+      (vip-get-ex-pat)
+      (if (null ex-token)
+          (setq ex-token ""
+                ex-repl "")
+        (setq repl ex-token
+              ex-repl ex-token)))
+    (while (vip-get-ex-opt-gc)
+      (if (string= ex-token "g") (setq opt-g t) (setq opt-c t)))
+    (vip-get-ex-count)
+    (if ex-count
+        (save-excursion
+          (if ex-addresses (goto-char (car ex-addresses)))
+          (set-mark (point))
+          (forward-line (1- ex-count))
+          (setq ex-addresses (cons (point) (cons (mark) nil))))
+      (if (null ex-addresses)
+          (setq ex-addresses (cons (point) (cons (point) nil)))
+        (if (null (cdr ex-addresses))
+            (setq ex-addresses (cons (car ex-addresses) ex-addresses)))))
+    ;(setq G opt-g)
+    (let ((beg (car ex-addresses)) (end (car (cdr ex-addresses)))
+          (cont t) eol-mark)
+      (save-excursion
+        (vip-enlarge-region beg end)
+        (let ((limit (save-excursion
+                       (goto-char (max (point) (mark)))
+                       (point-marker))))
+          (goto-char (min (point) (mark)))
+          (while (< (point) limit)
+            (end-of-line)
+            (setq eol-mark (dot-marker))
+            (beginning-of-line)
+            (if opt-g
+                (progn
+                  (while (and (not (eolp))
+                              (re-search-forward pat eol-mark t))
+                    (if (or (not opt-c) (y-or-n-p "Replace? "))
+                        (progn
+                          (setq matched-pos (point))
+                          (replace-match repl))))
+                  (end-of-line)
+                  (forward-char))
+              (if (and (re-search-forward pat eol-mark t)
+                       (or (not opt-c) (y-or-n-p "Replace? ")))
+                  (progn
+                    (setq matched-pos (point))
+                    (replace-match repl)))
+              (end-of-line)
+              (forward-char))))))
+    (if matched-pos (goto-char matched-pos))
+    (beginning-of-line)
+    (if opt-c (message "done"))))
+
+(defun ex-tag ()
+  "ex tag"
+  (let (tag)
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (set-mark (point))
+      (skip-chars-forward "^ |\t\n")
+      (setq tag (buffer-substring (mark) (point))))
+    (if (not (string= tag "")) (setq ex-tag tag))
+    (vip-change-mode-to-emacs)
+    (condition-case conditions
+        (progn
+          (if (string= tag "")
+              (find-tag ex-tag t)
+            (find-tag-other-window ex-tag))
+          (vip-change-mode-to-vi))
+      (error
+       (vip-change-mode-to-vi)
+       (vip-message-conditions conditions)))))
+
+(defun ex-write (q-flag)
+  "ex write"
+  (vip-default-ex-addresses t)
+  (vip-get-ex-file)
+  (if (string= ex-file "")
+      (progn
+        (if (null buffer-file-name)
+            (error "No file associated with this buffer"))
+        (setq ex-file buffer-file-name))
+    (setq ex-file (expand-file-name ex-file)))
+  (if (and (not (string= ex-file (buffer-file-name)))
+           (file-exists-p ex-file)
+           (not ex-variant))
+      (error (format "\"%s\" File exists - use w! to override" ex-file)))
+  (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
+    (if (> beg end) (error "First address exceeds second"))
+    (save-excursion
+      (vip-enlarge-region beg end)
+      (write-region (point) (mark) ex-file ex-append t)))
+  (if (null buffer-file-name) (setq buffer-file-name ex-file))
+  (if q-flag (save-buffers-kill-emacs)))
+
+(defun ex-yank ()
+  "ex yank"
+  (vip-default-ex-addresses)
+  (vip-get-ex-buffer)
+  (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
+    (if (> beg end) (error "First address exceeds second"))
+    (save-excursion
+      (vip-enlarge-region beg end)
+      (exchange-point-and-mark)
+      (if (or ex-g-flag ex-g-variant) (error "Can't yank within global"))
+      (if ex-count
+          (progn
+            (set-mark (point))
+            (forward-line (1- ex-count)))
+        (set-mark end))
+      (vip-enlarge-region (point) (mark))
+      (if ex-flag (error "Extra chacters at end of command"))
+      (if ex-buffer
+          (copy-to-register ex-buffer (point) (mark) nil))
+      (copy-region-as-kill (point) (mark)))))
+
+(defun ex-command ()
+  "execute shell command"
+  (let (command)
+    (save-window-excursion
+      (set-buffer " *ex-working-space*")
+      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
+      (set-mark (point))
+      (end-of-line)
+      (setq command (buffer-substring (mark) (point))))
+    (if (null ex-addresses)
+        (shell-command command)
+      (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
+        (if (null beg) (setq beg end))
+        (save-excursion
+          (goto-char beg)
+          (set-mark end)
+          (vip-enlarge-region (point) (mark))
+          (shell-command-on-region (point) (mark) command t))
+        (goto-char beg)))))
+
+(defun ex-line-no ()
+  "print line number"
+  (message "%d"
+           (1+ (count-lines
+                (point-min)
+                (if (null ex-addresses) (point-max) (car ex-addresses))))))
+
+(if (file-exists-p "~/.vip") (load "~/.vip"))
+
+;; End of VIP