Avoid hard-coding "M-x command" in docstrings

* lisp/calendar/todo-mode.el (todo-mode):
* lisp/desktop.el (desktop-save-mode):
* lisp/edmacro.el (edit-kbd-macro):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el (package-menu-execute):
* lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el (viper-ask-level):
* lisp/emulation/viper-init.el (viper-expert-level):
* lisp/filesets.el (filesets-add-buffer):
* lisp/follow.el (follow-mode):
* lisp/gnus/auth-source.el (auth-sources):
* lisp/international/ogonek.el (ogonek-informacja)
(ogonek-information):
* lisp/net/tramp.el (tramp-process-actions):
* lisp/org/org-gnus.el (org-gnus-no-new-news):
* lisp/org/org.el (org-ellipsis):
* lisp/progmodes/python.el (python-shell-get-process-or-error):
* lisp/progmodes/vhdl-mode.el (vhdl-mode):
* lisp/server.el (server-start):
* lisp/type-break.el (type-break-noninteractive-query):
* lisp/userlock.el (ask-user-about-supersession-help):
* lisp/whitespace.el (whitespace-report-region):
Prefer (substitute-command-keys "`\\[foo-command]'")
to "`M-x foo-command'" in docstrings and the like.

19 files changed, 43 insertions, 33 deletions

diff --git a/lisp/calendar/todo-mode.el b/lisp/calendar/todo-mode.el
index e780e4ee11e..925d00866d1 100644
--- a/lisp/calendar/todo-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/calendar/todo-mode.el
@@ -6598,7 +6598,9 @@ Added to `window-configuration-change-hook' in Todo mode."
 
 \\{todo-mode-map}"
   (if (called-interactively-p 'any)
-      (message "Type ‘M-x todo-show’ to enter Todo mode")
+      (message "%s"
+               (substitute-command-keys
+                "Type ‘\\[todo-show]’ to enter Todo mode"))
     (todo-modes-set-1)
     (todo-modes-set-2)
     (todo-modes-set-3)
diff --git a/lisp/desktop.el b/lisp/desktop.el
index c168f9c9d9a..9d023e3dc89 100644
--- a/lisp/desktop.el
+++ b/lisp/desktop.el
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ one session to another.  In particular, Emacs will save the desktop when
 it exits (this may prompt you; see the option `desktop-save').  The next
 time Emacs starts, if this mode is active it will restore the desktop.
 
-To manually save the desktop at any time, use the command `M-x desktop-save'.
-To load it, use `M-x desktop-read'.
+To manually save the desktop at any time, use the command `\\[desktop-save]'.
+To load it, use `\\[desktop-read]'.
 
 Once a desktop file exists, Emacs will auto-save it according to the
 option `desktop-auto-save-timeout'.
diff --git a/lisp/edmacro.el b/lisp/edmacro.el
index 84dfd4f1ebf..acbd1e2f6b9 100644
--- a/lisp/edmacro.el
+++ b/lisp/edmacro.el
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Default nil means to write characters above \\177 in octal notation."
   "Edit a keyboard macro.
 At the prompt, type any key sequence which is bound to a keyboard macro.
 Or, type `C-x e' or RET to edit the last keyboard macro, `C-h l' to edit
-the last 300 keystrokes as a keyboard macro, or `M-x' to edit a macro by
+the last 300 keystrokes as a keyboard macro, or `\\[execute-extended-command]' to edit a macro by
 its command name.
 With a prefix argument, format the macro in a more concise way."
   (interactive "kKeyboard macro to edit (C-x e, M-x, C-h l, or keys): \nP")
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el
index 863a02df252..4ff6e07f851 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el
@@ -3193,7 +3193,8 @@ Optional argument NOQUERY non-nil means do not ask the user to confirm."
             (if-let ((removable (package--removable-packages)))
                 (message "Package menu: Operation finished.  %d packages %s"
                   (length removable)
-                  "are no longer needed, type `M-x package-autoremove' to remove them")
+                  (substitute-command-keys
+                   "are no longer needed, type `\\[package-autoremove]' to remove them"))
               (message (replace-regexp-in-string "__" "ed" message-template)
                 "finished"))))))))
 
diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el b/lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el
index 5e1620df57c..40a37c7d8b6 100644
--- a/lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el
@@ -4782,10 +4782,10 @@ sensitive for VI-style look-and-feel."
           (setq repeated t))
         (setq dont-change-unless t
               level-changed t)
-        (insert "
+        (insert (substitute-command-keys "
 Please specify your level of familiarity with the venomous VI PERil
 \(and the VI Plan for Emacs Rescue).
-You can change it at any time by typing `M-x viper-set-expert-level RET'
+You can change it at any time by typing `\\[viper-set-expert-level]'
 
  1 -- BEGINNER: Almost all Emacs features are suppressed.
        Feels almost like straight Vi.  File name completion and
@@ -4803,7 +4803,7 @@ You can change it at any time by typing `M-x viper-set-expert-level RET'
        viper-electric-mode, viper-want-ctl-h-help, viper-want-emacs-keys-in-vi,
        and viper-want-emacs-keys-in-insert.  Adjust these to your taste.
 
-Please, specify your level now: ")
+Please, specify your level now: "))
 
         (setq viper-expert-level (- (viper-read-char-exclusive) ?0))
         ) ; end while
diff --git a/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el b/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el
index e575eee6c93..d03d703c1ed 100644
--- a/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el
+++ b/lisp/emulation/viper-init.el
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ The minor mode viper-vi-diehard-minor-mode is in effect when
 viper-expert-level is 1 or 2 or when viper-want-emacs-keys-in-vi is t.
 The minor mode viper-insert-diehard-minor-mode is in effect when
 viper-expert-level is 1 or 2 or if viper-want-emacs-keys-in-insert is t.
-Use `M-x viper-set-expert-level' to change this.")
+Use `\\[viper-set-expert-level]' to change this.")
 
 ;; Max expert level supported by Viper.  This is NOT a user option.
 ;; It is here to make it hard for the user from resetting it.
diff --git a/lisp/filesets.el b/lisp/filesets.el
index f990333006b..a30c187676b 100644
--- a/lisp/filesets.el
+++ b/lisp/filesets.el
@@ -1808,7 +1808,8 @@ User will be queried, if no fileset name is provided."
                        (progn
       (add-to-list 'filesets-data (list name '(:files)))
       (message
-       "Fileset %s created.  Call `M-x filesets-save-config' to save."
+       (substitute-command-keys
+        "Fileset %s created.  Call `\\[filesets-save-config]' to save.")
        name)
       (car filesets-data))))))
     (if entry
diff --git a/lisp/follow.el b/lisp/follow.el
index abb874e7563..d62d5577dab 100644
--- a/lisp/follow.el
+++ b/lisp/follow.el
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ mileage may vary).
 
 To split one large window into two side-by-side windows, the commands
 `\\[split-window-right]' or \
-`M-x follow-delete-other-windows-and-split' can be used.
+`\\[follow-delete-other-windows-and-split]' can be used.
 
 Only windows displayed in the same frame follow each other.
 
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/auth-source.el b/lisp/gnus/auth-source.el
index d502a3b3904..0c0e63b100a 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/auth-source.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/auth-source.el
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ EPA/EPG set up, the file will be encrypted and decrypted
 automatically.  See Info node `(epa)Encrypting/decrypting gpg files'
 for details.
 
-It's best to customize this with `M-x customize-variable' because the choices
+It's best to customize this with `\\[customize-variable]' because the choices
 can get pretty complex."
   :group 'auth-source
   :version "24.1" ;; No Gnus
diff --git a/lisp/international/ogonek.el b/lisp/international/ogonek.el
index 27ac17ca80e..9e5a4501357 100644
--- a/lisp/international/ogonek.el
+++ b/lisp/international/ogonek.el
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ are given in the following order:
 Je/sli czytasz ten tekst, to albo przegl/adasz plik /xr/od/lowy
 biblioteki `ogonek.el', albo wywo/la/le/s polecenie `ogonek-jak'.
 W drugim przypadku mo/zesz usun/a/c tekst z ekranu, stosuj/ac
-polecenie `M-x kill-buffer'.
+polecenie `\\[kill-buffer]'.
 
 Niniejsza biblioteka dostarcza funkcji do zmiany kodowania polskich
 znak/ow diakrytycznych. Funkcje te mo/zna pogrupowa/c nast/epuj/aco.
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ znak/ow diakrytycznych. Funkcje te mo/zna pogrupowa/c nast/epuj/aco.
 
 If you read this text then you are either looking at the library's
 source text or you have called the `ogonek-how' command. In the
-latter case you may remove this text using `M-x kill-buffer'.
+latter case you may remove this text using `\\[kill-buffer]'.
 
 The library provides functions for changing the encoding of Polish
 diacritic characters, the ones with an `ogonek' below or above them.
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp.el b/lisp/net/tramp.el
index e534b5841b6..193d70b230a 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp.el
@@ -3594,9 +3594,10 @@ connection buffer."
            (cond
             ((eq exit 'permission-denied) "Permission denied")
             ((eq exit 'process-died)
-             (concat
-              "Tramp failed to connect.  If this happens repeatedly, try\n"
-              "    `M-x tramp-cleanup-this-connection'"))
+             (substitute-command-keys
+              (concat
+               "Tramp failed to connect.  If this happens repeatedly, try\n"
+               "    `\\[tramp-cleanup-this-connection]'")))
             ((eq exit 'timeout)
              (format
               "Timeout reached, see buffer `%s' for details"
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-gnus.el b/lisp/org/org-gnus.el
index 8b616f0a0ff..06f00a4950c 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-gnus.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-gnus.el
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ If `org-store-link' was called with a prefix arg the meaning of
         (group (gnus-group-jump-to-group group))))
 
 (defun org-gnus-no-new-news ()
-  "Like `M-x gnus' but doesn't check for new news."
+  "Like `\\[gnus]' but doesn't check for new news."
   (if (not (gnus-alive-p)) (if org-gnus-no-server (gnus-no-server) (gnus))))
 
 (provide 'org-gnus)
diff --git a/lisp/org/org.el b/lisp/org/org.el
index 0cc185c0d75..326fb96fa13 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org.el
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ When nil, just use the standard three dots.
 When a string, use that string instead.
 When a face, use the standard 3 dots, but with the specified face.
 The change affects only Org-mode (which will then use its own display table).
-Changing this requires executing `M-x org-mode RET' in a buffer to become
+Changing this requires executing `\\[org-mode]' in a buffer to become
 effective."
   :group 'org-startup
   :type '(choice (const :tag "Default" nil)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/python.el b/lisp/progmodes/python.el
index 0b7b9b7f501..189cd3759f5 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/python.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/python.el
@@ -2720,7 +2720,8 @@ of `error' with a user-friendly message."
   (or (python-shell-get-process)
       (if interactivep
           (user-error
-           "Start a Python process first with `M-x run-python' or `%s'."
+           "Start a Python process first with ‘%s’ or ‘%s’."
+           (substitute-command-keys "\\[run-python]")
            ;; Get the binding.
            (key-description
             (where-is-internal
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/vhdl-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/vhdl-mode.el
index 2edacf4e69a..451acd2cb9c 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/vhdl-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/vhdl-mode.el
@@ -4421,7 +4421,7 @@ Usage:
     according to option `vhdl-argument-list-indent'.
 
       If option `vhdl-indent-tabs-mode' is nil, spaces are used instead of
-    tabs.  `M-x tabify' and `M-x untabify' allow to convert spaces to tabs
+    tabs.  `\\[tabify]' and `\\[untabify]' allow to convert spaces to tabs
     and vice versa.
 
       Syntax-based indentation can be very slow in large files.  Option
@@ -4732,7 +4732,7 @@ Usage:
     `vhdl-highlight-translate-off' is non-nil.
 
       For documentation and customization of the used colors see
-    customization group `vhdl-highlight-faces' (`M-x customize-group').  For
+    customization group `vhdl-highlight-faces' (`\\[customize-group]').  For
     highlighting of matching parenthesis, see customization group
     `paren-showing'.  Automatic buffer highlighting is turned on/off by
     option `global-font-lock-mode' (`font-lock-auto-fontify' in XEmacs).
@@ -4792,14 +4792,14 @@ Usage:
     sessions using the \"Save Options\" menu entry.
 
       Options and their detailed descriptions can also be accessed by using
-    the \"Customize\" menu entry or the command `M-x customize-option' (`M-x
-    customize-group' for groups).  Some customizations only take effect
+    the \"Customize\" menu entry or the command `\\[customize-option]'
+    (`\\[customize-group]' for groups).  Some customizations only take effect
     after some action (read the NOTE in the option documentation).
     Customization can also be done globally (i.e. site-wide, read the
     INSTALL file).
 
       Not all options are described in this documentation, so go and see
-    what other useful user options there are (`M-x vhdl-customize' or menu)!
+    what other useful user options there are (`\\[vhdl-customize]' or menu)!
 
 
   FILE EXTENSIONS:
@@ -4828,7 +4828,7 @@ Usage:
 Maintenance:
 ------------
 
-To submit a bug report, enter `M-x vhdl-submit-bug-report' within VHDL Mode.
+To submit a bug report, enter `\\[vhdl-submit-bug-report]' within VHDL Mode.
 Add a description of the problem and include a reproducible test case.
 
 Questions and enhancement requests can be sent to <reto@gnu.org>.
diff --git a/lisp/server.el b/lisp/server.el
index b6b0e97aa36..bcadcc4317a 100644
--- a/lisp/server.el
+++ b/lisp/server.el
@@ -624,8 +624,9 @@ To force-start a server, do \\[server-force-delete] and then
          (concat "Unable to start the Emacs server.\n"
                  (format "There is an existing Emacs server, named %S.\n"
                          server-name)
-                 "To start the server in this Emacs process, stop the existing
-server or call `M-x server-force-delete' to forcibly disconnect it.")
+                 (substitute-command-keys
+                  "To start the server in this Emacs process, stop the existing
+server or call `\\[server-force-delete]' to forcibly disconnect it."))
          :warning)
         (setq leave-dead t))
       ;; If this Emacs already had a server, clear out associated status.
diff --git a/lisp/type-break.el b/lisp/type-break.el
index 5a12f02f876..c7043b5c0e4 100644
--- a/lisp/type-break.el
+++ b/lisp/type-break.el
@@ -803,8 +803,9 @@ this or ask the user to start one right now."
    (type-break-mode-line-message-mode)
    (t
     (beep t)
-    (message "%sYou should take a typing break now.  Do `M-x type-break'."
-             (type-break-time-stamp))
+    (message "%sYou should take a typing break now.  Do ‘%s’."
+             (type-break-time-stamp)
+             (substitute-command-keys "\\[type-break]"))
     (sit-for 1)
     (beep t)
     ;; return nil so query caller knows to reset reminder, as if user
diff --git a/lisp/userlock.el b/lisp/userlock.el
index c47bc4c9bd1..781023c7449 100644
--- a/lisp/userlock.el
+++ b/lisp/userlock.el
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ If you say `r' to revert, the contents of the buffer are refreshed
 from the file on disk.
 If you say `n', the change you started to make will be aborted.
 
-Usually, you should type `n' and then `M-x revert-buffer',
+Usually, you should type `n' and then `\\[revert-buffer]',
 to get the latest version of the file, then make the change again.")
     (with-current-buffer standard-output
       (help-mode))))
diff --git a/lisp/whitespace.el b/lisp/whitespace.el
index a1a6c3ce04a..ddc37f10180 100644
--- a/lisp/whitespace.el
+++ b/lisp/whitespace.el
@@ -1866,9 +1866,11 @@ cleaning up these problems."
               (whitespace-insert-value ws-tab-width)
               (when has-bogus
                 (goto-char (point-max))
-                (insert " Type `M-x whitespace-cleanup'"
+                (insert (substitute-command-keys
+                         " Type ‘\\[whitespace-cleanup]’")
                         " to cleanup the buffer.\n\n"
-                        " Type `M-x whitespace-cleanup-region'"
+                        (substitute-command-keys
+                         " Type ‘\\[whitespace-cleanup-region]’")
                         " to cleanup a region.\n\n"))
               (whitespace-display-window (current-buffer)))))
         has-bogus))))