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| author | Richard M. Stallman | 2006-01-29 16:53:27 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Richard M. Stallman | 2006-01-29 16:53:27 +0000 |
| commit | a85cdd1f74d0f448563ed6600db53e59145a4858 (patch) | |
| tree | 461307b5b2baf38ec68c66979f988ea5b1aaef24 | |
| parent | 0939d23bcd8a465dc81bd7ca1ea945277930aa59 (diff) | |
| download | emacs-a85cdd1f74d0f448563ed6600db53e59145a4858.tar.gz emacs-a85cdd1f74d0f448563ed6600db53e59145a4858.zip | |
Minor cleanups. Refer to "graphical" terminals, rather than X.
| -rw-r--r-- | man/commands.texi | 85 |
1 files changed, 40 insertions, 45 deletions
diff --git a/man/commands.texi b/man/commands.texi index facc3d6f3a9..7830433676c 100644 --- a/man/commands.texi +++ b/man/commands.texi | |||
| @@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ holding down the @key{CTRL} key while pressing @kbd{a}. | |||
| 39 | have special keys you can type them with: for example, @key{RET}, | 39 | have special keys you can type them with: for example, @key{RET}, |
| 40 | @key{TAB}, @key{DEL} and @key{ESC}. The space character is usually | 40 | @key{TAB}, @key{DEL} and @key{ESC}. The space character is usually |
| 41 | referred to below as @key{SPC}, even though strictly speaking it is a | 41 | referred to below as @key{SPC}, even though strictly speaking it is a |
| 42 | graphic character whose graphic happens to be blank. Some keyboards | 42 | graphic character whose graphic happens to be blank. |
| 43 | have a key labeled ``linefeed'' which is an alias for @kbd{C-j}. | ||
| 44 | 43 | ||
| 45 | Emacs extends the @acronym{ASCII} character set with thousands more printing | 44 | Emacs extends the @acronym{ASCII} character set with thousands more printing |
| 46 | characters (@pxref{International}), additional control characters, and a | 45 | characters (@pxref{International}), additional control characters, and a |
| @@ -54,31 +53,28 @@ distinguish them. | |||
| 54 | 53 | ||
| 55 | But the Emacs character set has room for control variants of all | 54 | But the Emacs character set has room for control variants of all |
| 56 | printing characters, and for distinguishing between @kbd{C-a} and | 55 | printing characters, and for distinguishing between @kbd{C-a} and |
| 57 | @kbd{C-A}. The X Window System makes it possible to enter all these | 56 | @kbd{C-A}. Graphical terminals make it possible to enter all these |
| 58 | characters. For example, @kbd{C--} (that's Control-Minus) and @kbd{C-5} | 57 | characters. For example, @kbd{C--} (that's Control-Minus) and |
| 59 | are meaningful Emacs commands under X. | 58 | @kbd{C-5} are meaningful Emacs commands on a graphical terminal. |
| 60 | 59 | ||
| 61 | Another Emacs character-set extension is additional modifier bits. | 60 | Another Emacs character-set extension is additional modifier bits. |
| 62 | Only one modifier bit is commonly used; it is called Meta. Every | 61 | Only one modifier bit is commonly used; it is called Meta. Every |
| 63 | character has a Meta variant; examples include @kbd{Meta-a} (normally | 62 | character has a Meta variant; examples include @kbd{Meta-a} (normally |
| 64 | written @kbd{M-a}, for short), @kbd{M-A} (not the same character as | 63 | written @kbd{M-a}, for short), @kbd{M-A} (different from @kbd{M-a}, |
| 65 | @kbd{M-a}, but those two characters normally have the same meaning in | 64 | but they are normally equivalent in Emacs), @kbd{M-@key{RET}}, and |
| 66 | Emacs), @kbd{M-@key{RET}}, and @kbd{M-C-a}. For reasons of tradition, | 65 | @kbd{M-C-a}. That last means @kbd{a} with both the @key{CTRL} and |
| 67 | we usually write @kbd{C-M-a} rather than @kbd{M-C-a}; logically | 66 | @key{META} modifiers. We usually write it as @kbd{C-M-a} rather than |
| 68 | speaking, the order in which the modifier keys @key{CTRL} and @key{META} | 67 | @kbd{M-C-a}, for reasons of tradition. |
| 69 | are mentioned does not matter. | ||
| 70 | 68 | ||
| 71 | @cindex Meta | 69 | @cindex Meta |
| 72 | @cindex M- | 70 | @cindex M- |
| 73 | @cindex @key{ESC} replacing @key{META} key | 71 | @cindex @key{ESC} replacing @key{META} key |
| 74 | Some terminals have a @key{META} key, and allow you to type Meta | 72 | Some terminals have a @key{META} key, and allow you to type Meta |
| 75 | characters by holding this key down. Thus, @kbd{Meta-a} is typed by | 73 | characters by holding this key down. Thus, you can type @kbd{Meta-a} |
| 76 | holding down @key{META} and pressing @kbd{a}. The @key{META} key | 74 | by holding down @key{META} and pressing @kbd{a}. The @key{META} key |
| 77 | works much like the @key{SHIFT} key. Such a key is not always labeled | 75 | works much like the @key{SHIFT} key. In fact, this key is more often |
| 78 | @key{META}, however, as this function is often a special option for a | 76 | labeled @key{ALT} or @key{EDIT}, instead of @key{META}; on a Sun |
| 79 | key with some other primary purpose. Sometimes it is labeled | 77 | keyboard, it may have a diamond on it. |
| 80 | @key{ALT} or @key{EDIT}; on a Sun keyboard, it may have a diamond on | ||
| 81 | it. | ||
| 82 | 78 | ||
| 83 | If there is no @key{META} key, you can still type Meta characters | 79 | If there is no @key{META} key, you can still type Meta characters |
| 84 | using two-character sequences starting with @key{ESC}. Thus, you can | 80 | using two-character sequences starting with @key{ESC}. Thus, you can |
| @@ -90,16 +86,16 @@ you press it and release it, then you enter the next character. | |||
| 90 | @key{ESC} is allowed on terminals with @key{META} keys, too, in case | 86 | @key{ESC} is allowed on terminals with @key{META} keys, too, in case |
| 91 | you have formed a habit of using it. | 87 | you have formed a habit of using it. |
| 92 | 88 | ||
| 93 | The X Window System provides several other modifier keys that can be | 89 | Emacs defines several other modifier keys that can be applied to any |
| 94 | applied to any input character. These are called @key{SUPER}, | 90 | input character. These are called @key{SUPER}, @key{HYPER} and |
| 95 | @key{HYPER} and @key{ALT}. We write @samp{s-}, @samp{H-} and @samp{A-} | 91 | @key{ALT}. We write @samp{s-}, @samp{H-} and @samp{A-} to say that a |
| 96 | to say that a character uses these modifiers. Thus, @kbd{s-H-C-x} is | 92 | character uses these modifiers. Thus, @kbd{s-H-C-x} is short for |
| 97 | short for @kbd{Super-Hyper-Control-x}. Not all X terminals actually | 93 | @kbd{Super-Hyper-Control-x}. Not all graphical terminals actually |
| 98 | provide keys for these modifier flags---in fact, many terminals have a | 94 | provide keys for these modifier flags---in fact, many terminals have a |
| 99 | key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key. The standard | 95 | key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key. The standard |
| 100 | key bindings of Emacs do not include any characters with these | 96 | key bindings of Emacs do not include any characters with these |
| 101 | modifiers. But you can assign them meanings of your own by customizing | 97 | modifiers. But you can assign them meanings of your own by |
| 102 | Emacs. | 98 | customizing Emacs. |
| 103 | 99 | ||
| 104 | If your keyboard lacks one of these modifier keys, you can enter it | 100 | If your keyboard lacks one of these modifier keys, you can enter it |
| 105 | using @kbd{C-x @@}: @kbd{C-x @@ h} adds the ``hyper'' flag to the next | 101 | using @kbd{C-x @@}: @kbd{C-x @@ h} adds the ``hyper'' flag to the next |
| @@ -109,18 +105,18 @@ enter @kbd{Hyper-Control-a}. (Unfortunately there is no way to add | |||
| 109 | two modifiers by using @kbd{C-x @@} twice for the same character, | 105 | two modifiers by using @kbd{C-x @@} twice for the same character, |
| 110 | because the first one goes to work on the @kbd{C-x}.) | 106 | because the first one goes to work on the @kbd{C-x}.) |
| 111 | 107 | ||
| 112 | Keyboard input includes keyboard keys that are not characters at all: | 108 | Keyboard input includes keyboard keys that are not characters at |
| 113 | for example function keys and arrow keys. Mouse buttons are also | 109 | all: for example function keys and arrow keys. Mouse buttons are also |
| 114 | outside the gamut of characters. You can modify these events with the | 110 | outside the gamut of characters. However, you can modify these events |
| 115 | modifier keys @key{CTRL}, @key{META}, @key{SUPER}, @key{HYPER} and | 111 | with the modifier keys @key{CTRL}, @key{META}, @key{SUPER}, |
| 116 | @key{ALT}, just like keyboard characters. | 112 | @key{HYPER} and @key{ALT}, just as you can modify keyboard characters. |
| 117 | 113 | ||
| 118 | @cindex input event | 114 | @cindex input event |
| 119 | Input characters and non-character inputs are collectively called | 115 | Input characters and non-character inputs are collectively called |
| 120 | @dfn{input events}. @xref{Input Events,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp | 116 | @dfn{input events}. @xref{Input Events,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp |
| 121 | Reference Manual}, for more information. If you are not doing Lisp | 117 | Reference Manual}, for the full Lisp-level details. If you are not |
| 122 | programming, but simply want to redefine the meaning of some characters | 118 | doing Lisp programming, but simply want to redefine the meaning of |
| 123 | or non-character events, see @ref{Customization}. | 119 | some characters or non-character events, see @ref{Customization}. |
| 124 | 120 | ||
| 125 | @acronym{ASCII} terminals cannot really send anything to the computer except | 121 | @acronym{ASCII} terminals cannot really send anything to the computer except |
| 126 | @acronym{ASCII} characters. These terminals use a sequence of characters to | 122 | @acronym{ASCII} characters. These terminals use a sequence of characters to |
| @@ -170,12 +166,12 @@ key sequences, not one.@refill | |||
| 170 | 166 | ||
| 171 | All told, the prefix keys in Emacs are @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-h}, | 167 | All told, the prefix keys in Emacs are @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-h}, |
| 172 | @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-x @key{RET}}, @kbd{C-x @@}, @kbd{C-x a}, @kbd{C-x | 168 | @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-x @key{RET}}, @kbd{C-x @@}, @kbd{C-x a}, @kbd{C-x |
| 173 | n}, @w{@kbd{C-x r}}, @kbd{C-x v}, @kbd{C-x 4}, @kbd{C-x 5}, @kbd{C-x 6}, | 169 | n}, @w{@kbd{C-x r}}, @kbd{C-x v}, @kbd{C-x 4}, @kbd{C-x 5}, @kbd{C-x |
| 174 | @key{ESC}, @kbd{M-o} and @kbd{M-g}. (@key{F1} and @key{F2} are aliases for | 170 | 6}, @key{ESC}, @kbd{M-g}, and @kbd{M-o}. (@key{F1} and @key{F2} are |
| 175 | @kbd{C-h} and @kbd{C-x 6}.) But this list is not cast in concrete; it | 171 | aliases for @kbd{C-h} and @kbd{C-x 6}.) But this list is not cast in |
| 176 | is just a matter of Emacs's standard key bindings. If you customize | 172 | concrete; it is just a matter of Emacs's standard key bindings. If |
| 177 | Emacs, you can make new prefix keys, or eliminate these. @xref{Key | 173 | you customize Emacs, you can make new prefix keys, or eliminate some |
| 178 | Bindings}. | 174 | of the standard ones. @xref{Key Bindings}. |
| 179 | 175 | ||
| 180 | If you do make or eliminate prefix keys, that changes the set of | 176 | If you do make or eliminate prefix keys, that changes the set of |
| 181 | possible key sequences. For example, if you redefine @kbd{C-f} as a | 177 | possible key sequences. For example, if you redefine @kbd{C-f} as a |
| @@ -184,12 +180,11 @@ define that too as a prefix). Conversely, if you remove the prefix | |||
| 184 | definition of @kbd{C-x 4}, then @kbd{C-x 4 f} (or @kbd{C-x 4 | 180 | definition of @kbd{C-x 4}, then @kbd{C-x 4 f} (or @kbd{C-x 4 |
| 185 | @var{anything}}) is no longer a key. | 181 | @var{anything}}) is no longer a key. |
| 186 | 182 | ||
| 187 | Typing the help character (@kbd{C-h} or @key{F1}) after a prefix | 183 | Typing the help character (@kbd{C-h} or @key{F1}) after a prefix key |
| 188 | key displays a list of the commands starting with that prefix. | 184 | displays a list of the commands starting with that prefix. There are |
| 189 | There are a few prefix keys for which @kbd{C-h} does not | 185 | a few prefix keys for which @kbd{C-h} does not work---for historical |
| 190 | work---for historical reasons, they have other meanings for @kbd{C-h} | 186 | reasons, they define other meanings for @kbd{C-h} which are painful to |
| 191 | which are not easy to change. But @key{F1} should work for all prefix | 187 | change. But @key{F1} should work for all prefix keys. |
| 192 | keys. | ||
| 193 | 188 | ||
| 194 | @node Commands, Text Characters, Keys, Top | 189 | @node Commands, Text Characters, Keys, Top |
| 195 | @section Keys and Commands | 190 | @section Keys and Commands |