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authorRichard M. Stallman2006-05-03 23:23:42 +0000
committerRichard M. Stallman2006-05-03 23:23:42 +0000
commit9dd8a916c2c6551a99fc2976c3262ccfc3bc7b43 (patch)
tree734f3b069eb3196ed3b49ddf1971fa5483595db2
parent5dcee852d001067c1d911b4da8d9172526a1daa5 (diff)
downloademacs-9dd8a916c2c6551a99fc2976c3262ccfc3bc7b43.tar.gz
emacs-9dd8a916c2c6551a99fc2976c3262ccfc3bc7b43.zip
Many simplifications.
Say "graphical displays".
-rw-r--r--man/screen.texi196
1 files changed, 97 insertions, 99 deletions
diff --git a/man/screen.texi b/man/screen.texi
index 72ed3261f01..b1b37be6239 100644
--- a/man/screen.texi
+++ b/man/screen.texi
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ be a @dfn{tool bar}, a row of icons that perform editing commands if
24you click on them. Below this, the window begins, often with a 24you click on them. Below this, the window begins, often with a
25@dfn{scroll bar} on one side. Below the window comes the last line of 25@dfn{scroll bar} on one side. Below the window comes the last line of
26the frame, a special @dfn{echo area} or @dfn{minibuffer window}, where 26the frame, a special @dfn{echo area} or @dfn{minibuffer window}, where
27prompts appear and where you enter information when Emacs asks for it. 27prompts appear and you enter information when Emacs asks for it. See
28See following sections for more information about these special lines. 28following sections for more information about these special lines.
29 29
30 You can subdivide the window horizontally or vertically to make 30 You can subdivide the window horizontally or vertically to make
31multiple text windows, each of which can independently display some 31multiple text windows, each of which can independently display some
@@ -34,22 +34,22 @@ refers to the initial large window if not subdivided, or any one of
34the multiple windows you have subdivided it into. 34the multiple windows you have subdivided it into.
35 35
36 At any time, one window is the @dfn{selected window}. On graphical 36 At any time, one window is the @dfn{selected window}. On graphical
37terminals, the selected window normally shows a more prominent cursor 37displays, the selected window normally shows a more prominent cursor
38(usually solid and blinking) while other windows show a weaker cursor 38(usually solid and blinking) while other windows show a weaker cursor
39(such as a hollow box). On text terminals, which have just one 39(such as a hollow box). Text terminals have just one cursor, so it
40cursor, that cursor always appears in the selected window. 40always appears in the selected window.
41 41
42 Most Emacs commands implicitly apply to the text in the selected 42 Most Emacs commands implicitly apply to the text in the selected
43window (though mouse commands generally operate on whatever window you 43window; the text in unselected windows is mostly visible for
44click them in, whether selected or not). The text in other windows is 44reference. However, mouse commands generally operate on whatever
45mostly visible for reference, unless/until you select them. If you 45window you click them in, whether selected or not. If you use
46use multiple frames on a graphical display, then giving the input 46multiple frames on a graphical display, then giving the input focus to
47focus to a particular frame selects a window in that frame. 47a particular frame selects a window in that frame.
48 48
49 Each window's last line is a @dfn{mode line}, which describes what 49 Each window's last line is a @dfn{mode line}, which describes what
50is going on in that window. It appears in different color and/or a 50is going on in that window. It appears in different color and/or a ``3D''
51``3D'' box, if the terminal supports that; its contents normally begin 51box if the terminal supports them; its contents normally begin with
52with @w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}} when Emacs starts. The mode line 52@w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}} when Emacs starts. The mode line
53displays status information such as what buffer is being displayed 53displays status information such as what buffer is being displayed
54above it in the window, what major and minor modes are in use, and 54above it in the window, what major and minor modes are in use, and
55whether the buffer contains unsaved changes. 55whether the buffer contains unsaved changes.
@@ -89,18 +89,17 @@ each buffer has its own point location. A buffer that is not
89currently displayed remembers its point location in case you display 89currently displayed remembers its point location in case you display
90it again later. When Emacs displays multiple windows, each window has 90it again later. When Emacs displays multiple windows, each window has
91its own point location. If the same buffer appears in more than one 91its own point location. If the same buffer appears in more than one
92window, each window has its own position for point in that buffer, and 92window, each window has its own point position in that buffer, and (when
93(when possible) its own cursor. 93possible) its own cursor.
94 94
95 A text-only terminal has just one cursor, so Emacs puts it 95 A text-only terminal has just one cursor, in the selected window.
96in the selected window. The other windows do not show a cursor, even 96The other windows do not show a cursor, even though they do have their
97though they do have a location of point. When Emacs updates the 97own position of point. When Emacs updates the screen on a text-only
98screen on a text-only terminal, it has to put the cursor temporarily 98terminal, it has to put the cursor temporarily at the place the output
99at the place the output goes. This doesn't mean point is there, 99goes. This doesn't mean point is there, though. Once display
100though. Once display updating finishes, Emacs puts the cursor where 100updating finishes, Emacs puts the cursor where point is.
101point is. 101
102 102 On graphical displays, Emacs shows a cursor in each window; the
103 On graphical terminals, Emacs shows a cursor in each window; the
104selected window's cursor is solid and blinking, and the other cursors 103selected window's cursor is solid and blinking, and the other cursors
105are just hollow. Thus, the most prominent cursor always shows you the 104are just hollow. Thus, the most prominent cursor always shows you the
106selected window, on all kinds of terminals. 105selected window, on all kinds of terminals.
@@ -165,18 +164,19 @@ that appears briefly on the screen, you can switch to the
165are often collapsed into one in that buffer.) 164are often collapsed into one in that buffer.)
166 165
167@vindex message-log-max 166@vindex message-log-max
168 The size of @samp{*Messages*} is limited to a certain number of lines. 167 The size of @samp{*Messages*} is limited to a certain number of
169The variable @code{message-log-max} specifies how many lines. Once the 168lines. The variable @code{message-log-max} specifies how many lines.
170buffer has that many lines, each line added at the end deletes one line 169Once the buffer has that many lines, adding lines at the end deletes lines
171from the beginning. @xref{Variables}, for how to set variables such as 170from the beginning, to keep the size constant. @xref{Variables}, for
172@code{message-log-max}. 171how to set variables such as @code{message-log-max}.
173 172
174 The echo area is also used to display the @dfn{minibuffer}, a window that 173 The echo area is also used to display the @dfn{minibuffer}, a window
175is used for reading arguments to commands, such as the name of a file to be 174where you can input arguments to commands, such as the name of a file
176edited. When the minibuffer is in use, the echo area begins with a prompt 175to be edited. When the minibuffer is in use, the echo area begins
177string that usually ends with a colon; also, the cursor appears in that line 176with a prompt string that usually ends with a colon; also, the cursor
178because it is the selected window. You can always get out of the 177appears in that line because it is the selected window. You can
179minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}. @xref{Minibuffer}. 178always get out of the minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}.
179@xref{Minibuffer}.
180 180
181@node Mode Line 181@node Mode Line
182@section The Mode Line 182@section The Mode Line
@@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}. @xref{Minibuffer}.
188what is going on in that window. The mode line starts and ends with 188what is going on in that window. The mode line starts and ends with
189dashes. When there is only one text window, the mode line appears 189dashes. When there is only one text window, the mode line appears
190right above the echo area; it is the next-to-last line in the frame. 190right above the echo area; it is the next-to-last line in the frame.
191On a text-mode display, the mode line is in inverse video if the 191On a text-only terminal, the mode line is in inverse video if the
192terminal supports that; on a graphics display, the mode line has a 3D 192terminal supports that; on a graphics display, the mode line has a 3D
193box appearance to help it stand out. The mode line of the selected 193box appearance to help it stand out. The mode line of the selected
194window has a slightly different appearance than those of other 194window is highlighted if possible; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for
195windows; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for more about this. 195more information.
196 196
197 Normally, the mode line looks like this: 197 Normally, the mode line looks like this:
198 198
@@ -201,26 +201,26 @@ windows; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for more about this.
201@end example 201@end example
202 202
203@noindent 203@noindent
204This gives information about the buffer being displayed in the window: the 204This gives information about the window and the buffer it displays: the
205buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the buffer's 205buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the
206text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are currently 206buffer's text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are
207looking. 207currently looking.
208 208
209 @var{ch} contains two stars @samp{**} if the text in the buffer has 209 @var{ch} contains two stars @samp{**} if the text in the buffer has
210been edited (the buffer is ``modified''), or @samp{--} if the buffer has 210been edited (the buffer is ``modified''), or @samp{--} if the buffer has
211not been edited. For a read-only buffer, it is @samp{%*} if the buffer 211not been edited. For a read-only buffer, it is @samp{%*} if the buffer
212is modified, and @samp{%%} otherwise. 212is modified, and @samp{%%} otherwise.
213 213
214 @var{fr} appears only on text-only terminals, to show the selected 214 @var{fr} gives the selected frame name (@pxref{Frames}). It appears
215frame name. @xref{Frames}. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}. 215only on text-only terminals. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}.
216 216
217 @var{buf} is the name of the window's @dfn{buffer}. In most cases 217 @var{buf} is the name of the window's @dfn{buffer}. Usually this is
218this is the same as the name of a file you are editing. @xref{Buffers}. 218the same as the name of a file you are editing. @xref{Buffers}.
219 219
220 The buffer displayed in the selected window (the window that the 220 The buffer displayed in the selected window (the window with the
221cursor is in) is the @dfn{current buffer}--the one that editing takes 221cursor) is the @dfn{current buffer}, where editing happens. When a
222place in. When we speak of what some command does to ``the buffer,'' 222command's effect applies to ``the buffer,'' we mean it does those
223we mean it does those things to the current buffer. 223things to the current buffer.
224 224
225 @var{pos} tells you whether there is additional text above the top of 225 @var{pos} tells you whether there is additional text above the top of
226the window, or below the bottom. If your buffer is small and it is all 226the window, or below the bottom. If your buffer is small and it is all
@@ -232,17 +232,17 @@ With Size Indication mode, you can display the size of the buffer as
232well. @xref{Optional Mode Line}. 232well. @xref{Optional Mode Line}.
233 233
234 @var{line} is @samp{L} followed by the current line number of point. 234 @var{line} is @samp{L} followed by the current line number of point.
235This is present when Line Number mode is enabled (which it normally is). 235This is present when Line Number mode is enabled (it normally is).
236You can optionally display the current column number too, by turning on 236You can display the current column number too, by turning on Column
237Column Number mode (which is not enabled by default because it is 237Number mode. It is not enabled by default because it is somewhat
238somewhat slower). @xref{Optional Mode Line}. 238slower. @xref{Optional Mode Line}.
239 239
240 @var{major} is the name of the @dfn{major mode} in effect in the 240 @var{major} is the name of the @dfn{major mode} in effect in the
241buffer. At any time, each buffer is in one and only one of the possible 241buffer. A buffer can only be in one major mode at a time. The major
242major modes. The major modes available include Fundamental mode (the 242modes available include Fundamental mode (the least specialized), Text
243least specialized), Text mode, Lisp mode, C mode, Texinfo mode, and many 243mode, Lisp mode, C mode, Texinfo mode, and many others. @xref{Major
244others. @xref{Major Modes}, for details of how the modes differ and how 244Modes}, for details of how the modes differ and how to select
245to select one.@refill 245them.
246 246
247 Some major modes display additional information after the major mode 247 Some major modes display additional information after the major mode
248name. For example, Rmail buffers display the current message number and 248name. For example, Rmail buffers display the current message number and
@@ -253,14 +253,15 @@ display the status of the subprocess.
253turned on at the moment in the window's chosen buffer. For example, 253turned on at the moment in the window's chosen buffer. For example,
254@samp{Fill} means that Auto Fill mode is on. @samp{Abbrev} means that 254@samp{Fill} means that Auto Fill mode is on. @samp{Abbrev} means that
255Word Abbrev mode is on. @samp{Ovwrt} means that Overwrite mode is on. 255Word Abbrev mode is on. @samp{Ovwrt} means that Overwrite mode is on.
256@xref{Minor Modes}, for more information. @samp{Narrow} means that 256@xref{Minor Modes}, for more information.
257the buffer being displayed has editing restricted to only a portion of 257
258its text. (This is not really a minor mode, but is like one.) 258 @samp{Narrow} means that the buffer being displayed has editing
259@xref{Narrowing}. @samp{Def} means that a keyboard macro is being 259restricted to only a portion of its text. (This is not really a minor
260defined. @xref{Keyboard Macros}. 260mode, but is like one.) @xref{Narrowing}. @samp{Def} means that a
261 261keyboard macro is being defined. @xref{Keyboard Macros}.
262 In addition, if Emacs is currently inside a recursive editing level, 262
263square brackets (@samp{[@dots{}]}) appear around the parentheses that 263 In addition, if Emacs is inside a recursive editing level, square
264brackets (@samp{[@dots{}]}) appear around the parentheses that
264surround the modes. If Emacs is in one recursive editing level within 265surround the modes. If Emacs is in one recursive editing level within
265another, double square brackets appear, and so on. Since recursive 266another, double square brackets appear, and so on. Since recursive
266editing levels affect Emacs globally, not just one buffer, the square 267editing levels affect Emacs globally, not just one buffer, the square
@@ -288,22 +289,21 @@ identifies the input method. (Some input methods show @samp{+} or
288all. @xref{Enabling Multibyte}. 289all. @xref{Enabling Multibyte}.
289 290
290@cindex end-of-line conversion, mode-line indication 291@cindex end-of-line conversion, mode-line indication
291 The colon after @var{cs} can change to another string in certain 292 The colon after @var{cs} changes to another string in some cases.
292circumstances. Emacs uses newline characters to separate lines in the buffer. 293Emacs uses newline characters to separate lines in the buffer. Some
293Some files use different conventions for separating lines: either 294files use different conventions for separating lines: either
294carriage-return linefeed (the MS-DOS convention) or just carriage-return 295carriage-return linefeed (the MS-DOS convention) or just
295(the Macintosh convention). If the buffer's file uses carriage-return 296carriage-return (the Macintosh convention). If the buffer's file uses
296linefeed, the colon changes to either a backslash (@samp{\}) or 297carriage-return linefeed, the colon changes to either a backslash
297@samp{(DOS)}, depending on the operating system. If the file uses just 298(@samp{\}) or @samp{(DOS)}, depending on the operating system. If the
298carriage-return, the colon indicator changes to either a forward slash 299file uses just carriage-return, the colon indicator changes to either
299(@samp{/}) or @samp{(Mac)}. On some systems, Emacs displays 300a forward slash (@samp{/}) or @samp{(Mac)}. On some systems, Emacs
300@samp{(Unix)} instead of the colon even for files that use newline to 301displays @samp{(Unix)} instead of the colon for files that use newline
301separate lines. 302as the line separator.
302 303
303 @xref{Optional Mode Line}, for features that add other handy 304 @xref{Optional Mode Line}, to add other handy information to the
304information to the mode line, such as the size of the buffer, the 305mode line, such as the size of the buffer, the current column number
305current column number of point, and whether new mail for you has 306of point, and whether new mail for you has arrived.
306arrived.
307 307
308 The mode line is mouse-sensitive; when you move the mouse across 308 The mode line is mouse-sensitive; when you move the mouse across
309various parts of it, Emacs displays help text to say what a click in 309various parts of it, Emacs displays help text to say what a click in
@@ -314,17 +314,17 @@ that place will do. @xref{Mode Line Mouse}.
314@cindex menu bar 314@cindex menu bar
315 315
316 Each Emacs frame normally has a @dfn{menu bar} at the top which you 316 Each Emacs frame normally has a @dfn{menu bar} at the top which you
317can use to perform certain common operations. There's no need to list 317can use to perform common operations. There's no need to list them
318them here, as you can more easily see for yourself. 318here, as you can more easily see them yourself.
319 319
320@kindex M-` 320@kindex M-`
321@kindex F10 321@kindex F10
322@findex tmm-menubar 322@findex tmm-menubar
323 On a graphical terminal, you can use the mouse to choose a command 323 On a graphical display, you can use the mouse to choose a command
324from the menu bar. An arrow pointing right, after the menu item, 324from the menu bar. A right-arrow at the end of the menu item means it
325indicates that the item leads to a subsidiary menu; @samp{...} at the 325leads to a subsidiary menu; @samp{...} at the end means that the
326end means that the command will read arguments (further input from 326command invoked will read arguments (further input from you) before it
327you) before it actually does anything. 327actually does anything.
328 328
329 To view the full command name and documentation for a menu item, type 329 To view the full command name and documentation for a menu item, type
330@kbd{C-h k}, and then select the menu bar with the mouse in the usual 330@kbd{C-h k}, and then select the menu bar with the mouse in the usual
@@ -332,11 +332,10 @@ way (@pxref{Key Help}).
332 332
333 On text-only terminals with no mouse, you can use the menu bar by 333 On text-only terminals with no mouse, you can use the menu bar by
334typing @kbd{M-`} or @key{F10} (these run the command 334typing @kbd{M-`} or @key{F10} (these run the command
335@code{tmm-menubar}). This command enters a mode in which you can select 335@code{tmm-menubar}). This lets you select a menu item with the
336a menu item from the keyboard. A provisional choice appears in the echo 336keyboard. A provisional choice appears in the echo area. You can use
337area. You can use the up and down arrow keys to move through the 337the up and down arrow keys to move through the menu to different
338menu to different choices. When you have found the choice you want, 338items, and then you can type @key{RET} to select the item.
339type @key{RET} to select it.
340 339
341 Each menu item also has an assigned letter or digit which designates 340 Each menu item also has an assigned letter or digit which designates
342that item; it is usually the initial of some word in the item's name. 341that item; it is usually the initial of some word in the item's name.
@@ -344,8 +343,7 @@ This letter or digit is separated from the item name by @samp{=>}. You
344can type the item's letter or digit to select the item. 343can type the item's letter or digit to select the item.
345 344
346 Some of the commands in the menu bar have ordinary key bindings as 345 Some of the commands in the menu bar have ordinary key bindings as
347well; if so, the menu lists one equivalent key binding in parentheses 346well; one such binding is shown in parentheses after the item itself.
348after the item itself.
349 347
350@ignore 348@ignore
351 arch-tag: 104ba40e-d972-4866-a542-a98be94bdf2f 349 arch-tag: 104ba40e-d972-4866-a542-a98be94bdf2f