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| author | Richard M. Stallman | 2006-05-03 23:23:42 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Richard M. Stallman | 2006-05-03 23:23:42 +0000 |
| commit | 9dd8a916c2c6551a99fc2976c3262ccfc3bc7b43 (patch) | |
| tree | 734f3b069eb3196ed3b49ddf1971fa5483595db2 | |
| parent | 5dcee852d001067c1d911b4da8d9172526a1daa5 (diff) | |
| download | emacs-9dd8a916c2c6551a99fc2976c3262ccfc3bc7b43.tar.gz emacs-9dd8a916c2c6551a99fc2976c3262ccfc3bc7b43.zip | |
Many simplifications.
Say "graphical displays".
| -rw-r--r-- | man/screen.texi | 196 |
1 files changed, 97 insertions, 99 deletions
diff --git a/man/screen.texi b/man/screen.texi index 72ed3261f01..b1b37be6239 100644 --- a/man/screen.texi +++ b/man/screen.texi | |||
| @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ be a @dfn{tool bar}, a row of icons that perform editing commands if | |||
| 24 | you click on them. Below this, the window begins, often with a | 24 | you click on them. Below this, the window begins, often with a |
| 25 | @dfn{scroll bar} on one side. Below the window comes the last line of | 25 | @dfn{scroll bar} on one side. Below the window comes the last line of |
| 26 | the frame, a special @dfn{echo area} or @dfn{minibuffer window}, where | 26 | the frame, a special @dfn{echo area} or @dfn{minibuffer window}, where |
| 27 | prompts appear and where you enter information when Emacs asks for it. | 27 | prompts appear and you enter information when Emacs asks for it. See |
| 28 | See following sections for more information about these special lines. | 28 | following sections for more information about these special lines. |
| 29 | 29 | ||
| 30 | You can subdivide the window horizontally or vertically to make | 30 | You can subdivide the window horizontally or vertically to make |
| 31 | multiple text windows, each of which can independently display some | 31 | multiple text windows, each of which can independently display some |
| @@ -34,22 +34,22 @@ refers to the initial large window if not subdivided, or any one of | |||
| 34 | the multiple windows you have subdivided it into. | 34 | the multiple windows you have subdivided it into. |
| 35 | 35 | ||
| 36 | At any time, one window is the @dfn{selected window}. On graphical | 36 | At any time, one window is the @dfn{selected window}. On graphical |
| 37 | terminals, the selected window normally shows a more prominent cursor | 37 | displays, the selected window normally shows a more prominent cursor |
| 38 | (usually solid and blinking) while other windows show a weaker cursor | 38 | (usually solid and blinking) while other windows show a weaker cursor |
| 39 | (such as a hollow box). On text terminals, which have just one | 39 | (such as a hollow box). Text terminals have just one cursor, so it |
| 40 | cursor, that cursor always appears in the selected window. | 40 | always appears in the selected window. |
| 41 | 41 | ||
| 42 | Most Emacs commands implicitly apply to the text in the selected | 42 | Most Emacs commands implicitly apply to the text in the selected |
| 43 | window (though mouse commands generally operate on whatever window you | 43 | window; the text in unselected windows is mostly visible for |
| 44 | click them in, whether selected or not). The text in other windows is | 44 | reference. However, mouse commands generally operate on whatever |
| 45 | mostly visible for reference, unless/until you select them. If you | 45 | window you click them in, whether selected or not. If you use |
| 46 | use multiple frames on a graphical display, then giving the input | 46 | multiple frames on a graphical display, then giving the input focus to |
| 47 | focus to a particular frame selects a window in that frame. | 47 | a particular frame selects a window in that frame. |
| 48 | 48 | ||
| 49 | Each window's last line is a @dfn{mode line}, which describes what | 49 | Each window's last line is a @dfn{mode line}, which describes what |
| 50 | is going on in that window. It appears in different color and/or a | 50 | is going on in that window. It appears in different color and/or a ``3D'' |
| 51 | ``3D'' box, if the terminal supports that; its contents normally begin | 51 | box if the terminal supports them; its contents normally begin with |
| 52 | with @w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}} when Emacs starts. The mode line | 52 | @w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}} when Emacs starts. The mode line |
| 53 | displays status information such as what buffer is being displayed | 53 | displays status information such as what buffer is being displayed |
| 54 | above it in the window, what major and minor modes are in use, and | 54 | above it in the window, what major and minor modes are in use, and |
| 55 | whether the buffer contains unsaved changes. | 55 | whether the buffer contains unsaved changes. |
| @@ -89,18 +89,17 @@ each buffer has its own point location. A buffer that is not | |||
| 89 | currently displayed remembers its point location in case you display | 89 | currently displayed remembers its point location in case you display |
| 90 | it again later. When Emacs displays multiple windows, each window has | 90 | it again later. When Emacs displays multiple windows, each window has |
| 91 | its own point location. If the same buffer appears in more than one | 91 | its own point location. If the same buffer appears in more than one |
| 92 | window, each window has its own position for point in that buffer, and | 92 | window, each window has its own point position in that buffer, and (when |
| 93 | (when possible) its own cursor. | 93 | possible) its own cursor. |
| 94 | 94 | ||
| 95 | A text-only terminal has just one cursor, so Emacs puts it | 95 | A text-only terminal has just one cursor, in the selected window. |
| 96 | in the selected window. The other windows do not show a cursor, even | 96 | The other windows do not show a cursor, even though they do have their |
| 97 | though they do have a location of point. When Emacs updates the | 97 | own position of point. When Emacs updates the screen on a text-only |
| 98 | screen on a text-only terminal, it has to put the cursor temporarily | 98 | terminal, it has to put the cursor temporarily at the place the output |
| 99 | at the place the output goes. This doesn't mean point is there, | 99 | goes. This doesn't mean point is there, though. Once display |
| 100 | though. Once display updating finishes, Emacs puts the cursor where | 100 | updating finishes, Emacs puts the cursor where point is. |
| 101 | point is. | 101 | |
| 102 | 102 | On graphical displays, Emacs shows a cursor in each window; the | |
| 103 | On graphical terminals, Emacs shows a cursor in each window; the | ||
| 104 | selected window's cursor is solid and blinking, and the other cursors | 103 | selected window's cursor is solid and blinking, and the other cursors |
| 105 | are just hollow. Thus, the most prominent cursor always shows you the | 104 | are just hollow. Thus, the most prominent cursor always shows you the |
| 106 | selected window, on all kinds of terminals. | 105 | selected window, on all kinds of terminals. |
| @@ -165,18 +164,19 @@ that appears briefly on the screen, you can switch to the | |||
| 165 | are often collapsed into one in that buffer.) | 164 | are often collapsed into one in that buffer.) |
| 166 | 165 | ||
| 167 | @vindex message-log-max | 166 | @vindex message-log-max |
| 168 | The size of @samp{*Messages*} is limited to a certain number of lines. | 167 | The size of @samp{*Messages*} is limited to a certain number of |
| 169 | The variable @code{message-log-max} specifies how many lines. Once the | 168 | lines. The variable @code{message-log-max} specifies how many lines. |
| 170 | buffer has that many lines, each line added at the end deletes one line | 169 | Once the buffer has that many lines, adding lines at the end deletes lines |
| 171 | from the beginning. @xref{Variables}, for how to set variables such as | 170 | from the beginning, to keep the size constant. @xref{Variables}, for |
| 172 | @code{message-log-max}. | 171 | how to set variables such as @code{message-log-max}. |
| 173 | 172 | ||
| 174 | The echo area is also used to display the @dfn{minibuffer}, a window that | 173 | The echo area is also used to display the @dfn{minibuffer}, a window |
| 175 | is used for reading arguments to commands, such as the name of a file to be | 174 | where you can input arguments to commands, such as the name of a file |
| 176 | edited. When the minibuffer is in use, the echo area begins with a prompt | 175 | to be edited. When the minibuffer is in use, the echo area begins |
| 177 | string that usually ends with a colon; also, the cursor appears in that line | 176 | with a prompt string that usually ends with a colon; also, the cursor |
| 178 | because it is the selected window. You can always get out of the | 177 | appears in that line because it is the selected window. You can |
| 179 | minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}. @xref{Minibuffer}. | 178 | always get out of the minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}. |
| 179 | @xref{Minibuffer}. | ||
| 180 | 180 | ||
| 181 | @node Mode Line | 181 | @node Mode Line |
| 182 | @section The Mode Line | 182 | @section The Mode Line |
| @@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}. @xref{Minibuffer}. | |||
| 188 | what is going on in that window. The mode line starts and ends with | 188 | what is going on in that window. The mode line starts and ends with |
| 189 | dashes. When there is only one text window, the mode line appears | 189 | dashes. When there is only one text window, the mode line appears |
| 190 | right above the echo area; it is the next-to-last line in the frame. | 190 | right above the echo area; it is the next-to-last line in the frame. |
| 191 | On a text-mode display, the mode line is in inverse video if the | 191 | On a text-only terminal, the mode line is in inverse video if the |
| 192 | terminal supports that; on a graphics display, the mode line has a 3D | 192 | terminal supports that; on a graphics display, the mode line has a 3D |
| 193 | box appearance to help it stand out. The mode line of the selected | 193 | box appearance to help it stand out. The mode line of the selected |
| 194 | window has a slightly different appearance than those of other | 194 | window is highlighted if possible; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for |
| 195 | windows; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for more about this. | 195 | more information. |
| 196 | 196 | ||
| 197 | Normally, the mode line looks like this: | 197 | Normally, the mode line looks like this: |
| 198 | 198 | ||
| @@ -201,26 +201,26 @@ windows; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for more about this. | |||
| 201 | @end example | 201 | @end example |
| 202 | 202 | ||
| 203 | @noindent | 203 | @noindent |
| 204 | This gives information about the buffer being displayed in the window: the | 204 | This gives information about the window and the buffer it displays: the |
| 205 | buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the buffer's | 205 | buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the |
| 206 | text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are currently | 206 | buffer's text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are |
| 207 | looking. | 207 | currently looking. |
| 208 | 208 | ||
| 209 | @var{ch} contains two stars @samp{**} if the text in the buffer has | 209 | @var{ch} contains two stars @samp{**} if the text in the buffer has |
| 210 | been edited (the buffer is ``modified''), or @samp{--} if the buffer has | 210 | been edited (the buffer is ``modified''), or @samp{--} if the buffer has |
| 211 | not been edited. For a read-only buffer, it is @samp{%*} if the buffer | 211 | not been edited. For a read-only buffer, it is @samp{%*} if the buffer |
| 212 | is modified, and @samp{%%} otherwise. | 212 | is modified, and @samp{%%} otherwise. |
| 213 | 213 | ||
| 214 | @var{fr} appears only on text-only terminals, to show the selected | 214 | @var{fr} gives the selected frame name (@pxref{Frames}). It appears |
| 215 | frame name. @xref{Frames}. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}. | 215 | only on text-only terminals. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}. |
| 216 | 216 | ||
| 217 | @var{buf} is the name of the window's @dfn{buffer}. In most cases | 217 | @var{buf} is the name of the window's @dfn{buffer}. Usually this is |
| 218 | this is the same as the name of a file you are editing. @xref{Buffers}. | 218 | the same as the name of a file you are editing. @xref{Buffers}. |
| 219 | 219 | ||
| 220 | The buffer displayed in the selected window (the window that the | 220 | The buffer displayed in the selected window (the window with the |
| 221 | cursor is in) is the @dfn{current buffer}--the one that editing takes | 221 | cursor) is the @dfn{current buffer}, where editing happens. When a |
| 222 | place in. When we speak of what some command does to ``the buffer,'' | 222 | command's effect applies to ``the buffer,'' we mean it does those |
| 223 | we mean it does those things to the current buffer. | 223 | things to the current buffer. |
| 224 | 224 | ||
| 225 | @var{pos} tells you whether there is additional text above the top of | 225 | @var{pos} tells you whether there is additional text above the top of |
| 226 | the window, or below the bottom. If your buffer is small and it is all | 226 | the window, or below the bottom. If your buffer is small and it is all |
| @@ -232,17 +232,17 @@ With Size Indication mode, you can display the size of the buffer as | |||
| 232 | well. @xref{Optional Mode Line}. | 232 | well. @xref{Optional Mode Line}. |
| 233 | 233 | ||
| 234 | @var{line} is @samp{L} followed by the current line number of point. | 234 | @var{line} is @samp{L} followed by the current line number of point. |
| 235 | This is present when Line Number mode is enabled (which it normally is). | 235 | This is present when Line Number mode is enabled (it normally is). |
| 236 | You can optionally display the current column number too, by turning on | 236 | You can display the current column number too, by turning on Column |
| 237 | Column Number mode (which is not enabled by default because it is | 237 | Number mode. It is not enabled by default because it is somewhat |
| 238 | somewhat slower). @xref{Optional Mode Line}. | 238 | slower. @xref{Optional Mode Line}. |
| 239 | 239 | ||
| 240 | @var{major} is the name of the @dfn{major mode} in effect in the | 240 | @var{major} is the name of the @dfn{major mode} in effect in the |
| 241 | buffer. At any time, each buffer is in one and only one of the possible | 241 | buffer. A buffer can only be in one major mode at a time. The major |
| 242 | major modes. The major modes available include Fundamental mode (the | 242 | modes available include Fundamental mode (the least specialized), Text |
| 243 | least specialized), Text mode, Lisp mode, C mode, Texinfo mode, and many | 243 | mode, Lisp mode, C mode, Texinfo mode, and many others. @xref{Major |
| 244 | others. @xref{Major Modes}, for details of how the modes differ and how | 244 | Modes}, for details of how the modes differ and how to select |
| 245 | to select one.@refill | 245 | them. |
| 246 | 246 | ||
| 247 | Some major modes display additional information after the major mode | 247 | Some major modes display additional information after the major mode |
| 248 | name. For example, Rmail buffers display the current message number and | 248 | name. For example, Rmail buffers display the current message number and |
| @@ -253,14 +253,15 @@ display the status of the subprocess. | |||
| 253 | turned on at the moment in the window's chosen buffer. For example, | 253 | turned on at the moment in the window's chosen buffer. For example, |
| 254 | @samp{Fill} means that Auto Fill mode is on. @samp{Abbrev} means that | 254 | @samp{Fill} means that Auto Fill mode is on. @samp{Abbrev} means that |
| 255 | Word Abbrev mode is on. @samp{Ovwrt} means that Overwrite mode is on. | 255 | Word Abbrev mode is on. @samp{Ovwrt} means that Overwrite mode is on. |
| 256 | @xref{Minor Modes}, for more information. @samp{Narrow} means that | 256 | @xref{Minor Modes}, for more information. |
| 257 | the buffer being displayed has editing restricted to only a portion of | 257 | |
| 258 | its text. (This is not really a minor mode, but is like one.) | 258 | @samp{Narrow} means that the buffer being displayed has editing |
| 259 | @xref{Narrowing}. @samp{Def} means that a keyboard macro is being | 259 | restricted to only a portion of its text. (This is not really a minor |
| 260 | defined. @xref{Keyboard Macros}. | 260 | mode, but is like one.) @xref{Narrowing}. @samp{Def} means that a |
| 261 | 261 | keyboard macro is being defined. @xref{Keyboard Macros}. | |
| 262 | In addition, if Emacs is currently inside a recursive editing level, | 262 | |
| 263 | square brackets (@samp{[@dots{}]}) appear around the parentheses that | 263 | In addition, if Emacs is inside a recursive editing level, square |
| 264 | brackets (@samp{[@dots{}]}) appear around the parentheses that | ||
| 264 | surround the modes. If Emacs is in one recursive editing level within | 265 | surround the modes. If Emacs is in one recursive editing level within |
| 265 | another, double square brackets appear, and so on. Since recursive | 266 | another, double square brackets appear, and so on. Since recursive |
| 266 | editing levels affect Emacs globally, not just one buffer, the square | 267 | editing levels affect Emacs globally, not just one buffer, the square |
| @@ -288,22 +289,21 @@ identifies the input method. (Some input methods show @samp{+} or | |||
| 288 | all. @xref{Enabling Multibyte}. | 289 | all. @xref{Enabling Multibyte}. |
| 289 | 290 | ||
| 290 | @cindex end-of-line conversion, mode-line indication | 291 | @cindex end-of-line conversion, mode-line indication |
| 291 | The colon after @var{cs} can change to another string in certain | 292 | The colon after @var{cs} changes to another string in some cases. |
| 292 | circumstances. Emacs uses newline characters to separate lines in the buffer. | 293 | Emacs uses newline characters to separate lines in the buffer. Some |
| 293 | Some files use different conventions for separating lines: either | 294 | files use different conventions for separating lines: either |
| 294 | carriage-return linefeed (the MS-DOS convention) or just carriage-return | 295 | carriage-return linefeed (the MS-DOS convention) or just |
| 295 | (the Macintosh convention). If the buffer's file uses carriage-return | 296 | carriage-return (the Macintosh convention). If the buffer's file uses |
| 296 | linefeed, the colon changes to either a backslash (@samp{\}) or | 297 | carriage-return linefeed, the colon changes to either a backslash |
| 297 | @samp{(DOS)}, depending on the operating system. If the file uses just | 298 | (@samp{\}) or @samp{(DOS)}, depending on the operating system. If the |
| 298 | carriage-return, the colon indicator changes to either a forward slash | 299 | file uses just carriage-return, the colon indicator changes to either |
| 299 | (@samp{/}) or @samp{(Mac)}. On some systems, Emacs displays | 300 | a forward slash (@samp{/}) or @samp{(Mac)}. On some systems, Emacs |
| 300 | @samp{(Unix)} instead of the colon even for files that use newline to | 301 | displays @samp{(Unix)} instead of the colon for files that use newline |
| 301 | separate lines. | 302 | as the line separator. |
| 302 | 303 | ||
| 303 | @xref{Optional Mode Line}, for features that add other handy | 304 | @xref{Optional Mode Line}, to add other handy information to the |
| 304 | information to the mode line, such as the size of the buffer, the | 305 | mode line, such as the size of the buffer, the current column number |
| 305 | current column number of point, and whether new mail for you has | 306 | of point, and whether new mail for you has arrived. |
| 306 | arrived. | ||
| 307 | 307 | ||
| 308 | The mode line is mouse-sensitive; when you move the mouse across | 308 | The mode line is mouse-sensitive; when you move the mouse across |
| 309 | various parts of it, Emacs displays help text to say what a click in | 309 | various parts of it, Emacs displays help text to say what a click in |
| @@ -314,17 +314,17 @@ that place will do. @xref{Mode Line Mouse}. | |||
| 314 | @cindex menu bar | 314 | @cindex menu bar |
| 315 | 315 | ||
| 316 | Each Emacs frame normally has a @dfn{menu bar} at the top which you | 316 | Each Emacs frame normally has a @dfn{menu bar} at the top which you |
| 317 | can use to perform certain common operations. There's no need to list | 317 | can use to perform common operations. There's no need to list them |
| 318 | them here, as you can more easily see for yourself. | 318 | here, as you can more easily see them yourself. |
| 319 | 319 | ||
| 320 | @kindex M-` | 320 | @kindex M-` |
| 321 | @kindex F10 | 321 | @kindex F10 |
| 322 | @findex tmm-menubar | 322 | @findex tmm-menubar |
| 323 | On a graphical terminal, you can use the mouse to choose a command | 323 | On a graphical display, you can use the mouse to choose a command |
| 324 | from the menu bar. An arrow pointing right, after the menu item, | 324 | from the menu bar. A right-arrow at the end of the menu item means it |
| 325 | indicates that the item leads to a subsidiary menu; @samp{...} at the | 325 | leads to a subsidiary menu; @samp{...} at the end means that the |
| 326 | end means that the command will read arguments (further input from | 326 | command invoked will read arguments (further input from you) before it |
| 327 | you) before it actually does anything. | 327 | actually does anything. |
| 328 | 328 | ||
| 329 | To view the full command name and documentation for a menu item, type | 329 | To view the full command name and documentation for a menu item, type |
| 330 | @kbd{C-h k}, and then select the menu bar with the mouse in the usual | 330 | @kbd{C-h k}, and then select the menu bar with the mouse in the usual |
| @@ -332,11 +332,10 @@ way (@pxref{Key Help}). | |||
| 332 | 332 | ||
| 333 | On text-only terminals with no mouse, you can use the menu bar by | 333 | On text-only terminals with no mouse, you can use the menu bar by |
| 334 | typing @kbd{M-`} or @key{F10} (these run the command | 334 | typing @kbd{M-`} or @key{F10} (these run the command |
| 335 | @code{tmm-menubar}). This command enters a mode in which you can select | 335 | @code{tmm-menubar}). This lets you select a menu item with the |
| 336 | a menu item from the keyboard. A provisional choice appears in the echo | 336 | keyboard. A provisional choice appears in the echo area. You can use |
| 337 | area. You can use the up and down arrow keys to move through the | 337 | the up and down arrow keys to move through the menu to different |
| 338 | menu to different choices. When you have found the choice you want, | 338 | items, and then you can type @key{RET} to select the item. |
| 339 | type @key{RET} to select it. | ||
| 340 | 339 | ||
| 341 | Each menu item also has an assigned letter or digit which designates | 340 | Each menu item also has an assigned letter or digit which designates |
| 342 | that item; it is usually the initial of some word in the item's name. | 341 | that item; it is usually the initial of some word in the item's name. |
| @@ -344,8 +343,7 @@ This letter or digit is separated from the item name by @samp{=>}. You | |||
| 344 | can type the item's letter or digit to select the item. | 343 | can type the item's letter or digit to select the item. |
| 345 | 344 | ||
| 346 | Some of the commands in the menu bar have ordinary key bindings as | 345 | Some of the commands in the menu bar have ordinary key bindings as |
| 347 | well; if so, the menu lists one equivalent key binding in parentheses | 346 | well; one such binding is shown in parentheses after the item itself. |
| 348 | after the item itself. | ||
| 349 | 347 | ||
| 350 | @ignore | 348 | @ignore |
| 351 | arch-tag: 104ba40e-d972-4866-a542-a98be94bdf2f | 349 | arch-tag: 104ba40e-d972-4866-a542-a98be94bdf2f |