Fix minor quoting problems in doc strings

These were glitches regardless of how or whether we tackle the
problem of grave accent in doc strings.
* lisp/calc/calc-aent.el (math-restore-placeholders):
* lisp/ido.el (ido-ignore-buffers, ido-ignore-files):
* lisp/leim/quail/cyrillic.el ("bulgarian-alt-phonetic"):
* lisp/leim/quail/hebrew.el ("hebrew-new")
("hebrew-biblical-sil"):
* lisp/leim/quail/thai.el ("thai-kesmanee"):
* lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el (idlwave-shell-file-name-chars):
Used curved quotes to avoid ambiguities like ‘`''’ in doc strings.
* lisp/calendar/calendar.el (calendar-month-abbrev-array):
* lisp/cedet/semantic/mru-bookmark.el (semantic-mrub-cache-flush-fcn):
* lisp/cedet/semantic/symref.el (semantic-symref-tool-baseclass):
* lisp/cedet/semantic/tag.el (semantic-tag-copy)
(semantic-tag-components):
* lisp/cedet/srecode/cpp.el (srecode-semantic-handle-:cpp):
* lisp/cedet/srecode/texi.el (srecode-texi-texify-docstring):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/byte-opt.el (byte-optimize-all-constp):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el (checkdoc-message-text-engine):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el (iter-next):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el (gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers)
(gnus-article-mode-syntax-table):
* lisp/net/rlogin.el (rlogin-directory-tracking-mode):
* lisp/net/soap-client.el (soap-wsdl-get):
* lisp/net/telnet.el (telnet-mode):
* lisp/org/org-compat.el (org-number-sequence):
* lisp/org/org.el (org-remove-highlights-with-change)
(org-structure-template-alist):
* lisp/org/ox-html.el (org-html-link-org-files-as-html):
* lisp/play/handwrite.el (handwrite-10pt, handwrite-11pt)
(handwrite-12pt, handwrite-13pt):
* lisp/progmodes/f90.el (f90-mode, f90-abbrev-start):
* lisp/progmodes/idlwave.el (idlwave-mode, idlwave-check-abbrev):
* lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el (verilog-tool)
(verilog-string-replace-matches, verilog-preprocess)
(verilog-auto-insert-lisp, verilog-auto-insert-last):
* lisp/textmodes/makeinfo.el (makeinfo-options):
* src/font.c (Ffont_spec):
Fix minor quoting problems in doc strings, e.g., missing quote,
``x'' where `x' was meant, etc.
* lisp/erc/erc-backend.el (erc-process-sentinel-2):
Fix minor quoting problem in other string.
* lisp/leim/quail/ethiopic.el ("ethiopic"):
* lisp/term/tvi970.el (tvi970-set-keypad-mode):
Omit unnecessary quotes.
* lisp/faces.el (set-face-attribute, set-face-underline)
(set-face-inverse-video, x-create-frame-with-faces):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el (gnus-group-nnimap-edit-acl):
* lisp/mail/supercite.el (sc-attribs-%@-addresses)
(sc-attribs-!-addresses, sc-attribs-<>-addresses):
* lisp/net/tramp.el (tramp-methods):
* lisp/recentf.el (recentf-show-file-shortcuts-flag):
* lisp/textmodes/artist.el (artist-ellipse-right-char)
(artist-ellipse-left-char, artist-vaporize-fuzziness)
(artist-spray-chars, artist-mode, artist-replace-string)
(artist-put-pixel, artist-text-see-thru):
* lisp/vc/ediff-util.el (ediff-submit-report):
* lisp/vc/log-edit.el (log-edit-changelog-full-paragraphs):
Use double-quotes rather than TeX markup in doc strings.
* lisp/skeleton.el (skeleton-pair-insert-maybe):
Reword to avoid the need for grave accent and apostrophe.
* lisp/xt-mouse.el (xterm-mouse-tracking-enable-sequence):
Don't use grave and acute accents to quote.

51 files changed, 122 insertions, 120 deletions

diff --git a/lisp/calc/calc-aent.el b/lisp/calc/calc-aent.el
index 23de53e0f0c..cc048ebc223 100644
--- a/lisp/calc/calc-aent.el
+++ b/lisp/calc/calc-aent.el
@@ -1034,7 +1034,7 @@ in Calc algebraic input.")
 
 (defun math-restore-placeholders (x)
   "Replace placeholders by the proper characters in the symbol x.
-This includes `#' for `_' and `'' for `%'.
+This includes ‘#’ for ‘_’ and ‘'’ for ‘%’.
 If the current Calc language does not use placeholders, return nil."
   (if (or (memq calc-language calc-lang-allow-underscores)
           (memq calc-language calc-lang-allow-percentsigns))
diff --git a/lisp/calendar/calendar.el b/lisp/calendar/calendar.el
index e42a0100696..1612f48a019 100644
--- a/lisp/calendar/calendar.el
+++ b/lisp/calendar/calendar.el
@@ -2182,7 +2182,7 @@ in `calendar-month-name-array'.  These abbreviations are used in
 the calendar menu entries, and can also be used in the diary
 file.  Do not include a trailing `.' in the strings specified in
 this variable, though you may use such in the diary file.  By
-default, each string is the first ``calendar-abbrev-length'
+default, each string is the first `calendar-abbrev-length'
 characters of the corresponding full name."
  :group 'calendar
  :set-after '(calendar-abbrev-length calendar-month-name-array)
diff --git a/lisp/cedet/semantic/mru-bookmark.el b/lisp/cedet/semantic/mru-bookmark.el
index b75408f6a9d..b2a2c8c7619 100644
--- a/lisp/cedet/semantic/mru-bookmark.el
+++ b/lisp/cedet/semantic/mru-bookmark.el
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ The resulting bookmark is then sorted within the ring."
       )))
 
 (defun semantic-mrub-cache-flush-fcn ()
-  "Function called in the `semantic-before-toplevel-cache-flush-hook`.
+  "Function called in the `semantic-before-toplevel-cache-flush-hook'.
 Cause tags in the ring to become unlinked."
   (let* ((ring (oref semantic-mru-bookmark-ring ring))
          (len (ring-length ring))
diff --git a/lisp/cedet/semantic/symref.el b/lisp/cedet/semantic/symref.el
index 2c5e3ba1805..ca5dd7dd073 100644
--- a/lisp/cedet/semantic/symref.el
+++ b/lisp/cedet/semantic/symref.el
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ until the next command is executed."
   (setq semantic-symref-recently-opened-buffers nil)
   (remove-hook 'post-command-hook 'semantic-symref-cleanup-recent-buffers-fcn)
   )
-  
+
 (cl-defmethod semantic-symref-result-get-tags ((result semantic-symref-result)
                                             &optional open-buffers)
   "Get the list of tags from the symref result RESULT.
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ buffers that were opened."
    (searchtype :initarg :searchtype
                 :type symbol
                 :documentation "The type of search to do.
-Values could be `symbol, `regexp, 'tagname, or 'completion.")
+Values could be 'symbol, 'regexp, 'tagname, or 'completion.")
    (searchscope :initarg :searchscope
                 :type symbol
                 :documentation
diff --git a/lisp/cedet/semantic/tag.el b/lisp/cedet/semantic/tag.el
index 3ad192b8b8f..545ca914d19 100644
--- a/lisp/cedet/semantic/tag.el
+++ b/lisp/cedet/semantic/tag.el
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ buffer, the originating buffer file name is kept in the `:filename'
 property of the copied tag.
 If KEEP-FILE is a string, and the originating buffer is NOT available,
 then KEEP-FILE is stored on the `:filename' property.
-This runs the tag hook `unlink-copy-hook`."
+This runs the tag hook `unlink-copy-hook'."
   ;; Right now, TAG is a list.
   (let ((copy (semantic-tag-clone tag name)))
 
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ Return nil if TAG is not of class 'alias."
   "Return a list of components for TAG.
 A Component is a part of TAG which itself may be a TAG.
 Examples include the elements of a structure in a
-tag of class `type, or the list of arguments to a
+tag of class 'type, or the list of arguments to a
 tag of class 'function."
   )
 
diff --git a/lisp/cedet/srecode/cpp.el b/lisp/cedet/srecode/cpp.el
index ec92ae30ba6..e77e05c40b9 100644
--- a/lisp/cedet/srecode/cpp.el
+++ b/lisp/cedet/srecode/cpp.el
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ HEADER - Shown section if in a header file."
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun srecode-semantic-handle-:cpp (dict)
   "Add macros into the dictionary DICT based on the current c file.
-Calls `srecode-semantic-handle-:c.
+Calls `srecode-semantic-handle-:c'.
 Also adds the following:
  - nothing -"
   (srecode-semantic-handle-:c dict)
diff --git a/lisp/cedet/srecode/texi.el b/lisp/cedet/srecode/texi.el
index 5c3f21c32a2..be75f3765c1 100644
--- a/lisp/cedet/srecode/texi.el
+++ b/lisp/cedet/srecode/texi.el
@@ -241,11 +241,11 @@ This is to take advantage of TeXinfo's markup symbols."
 For instances where CLASS is the class being referenced, do not Xref
 that class.
 
- `function' => @dfn{function}
- `variable' => @code{variable}
- `class'    => @code{class} @xref{class}
- `unknown'  => @code{unknown}
- \"text\"     => ``text''
+ function   => @dfn{function}
+ variable   => @code{variable}
+ class      => @code{class} @xref{class}
+ unknown    => @code{unknown}
+ \" text \"   => `` text ''
  'quoteme   => @code{quoteme}
  non-nil    => non-@code{nil}
  t          => @code{t}
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/byte-opt.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/byte-opt.el
index 06a11063025..30147931adc 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/byte-opt.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/byte-opt.el
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
                (cons fn args)))))))
 
 (defun byte-optimize-all-constp (list)
-  "Non-nil if all elements of LIST satisfy `macroexp-const-p"
+  "Non-nil if all elements of LIST satisfy `macroexp-const-p'."
   (let ((constant t))
     (while (and list constant)
       (unless (macroexp-const-p (car list))
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@
          window-left-child window-left-column window-margins window-minibuffer-p
          window-next-buffers window-next-sibling window-new-normal
          window-new-total window-normal-size window-parameter window-parameters
-         window-parent window-pixel-edges window-point window-prev-buffers 
+         window-parent window-pixel-edges window-point window-prev-buffers
          window-prev-sibling window-redisplay-end-trigger window-scroll-bars
          window-start window-text-height window-top-child window-top-line
          window-total-height window-total-width window-use-time window-vscroll
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el
index b3ef44a5a1c..fc257d0d520 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el
@@ -2405,7 +2405,7 @@ Argument END is the maximum bounds to search in."
 According to the documentation for the function `error', the error list
 should not end with a period, and should start with a capital letter.
 The function `y-or-n-p' has similar constraints.
-Argument TYPE specifies the type of question, such as `error or `y-or-n-p."
+Argument TYPE specifies the type of question, such as `error' or `y-or-n-p'."
   ;; If type is nil, then attempt to derive it.
   (if (not type)
       (save-excursion
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el
index c8e61f3be03..08e1b7c27a9 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ of values.  Callers can retrieve each value using `iter-next'."
 
 (defun iter-next (iterator &optional yield-result)
   "Extract a value from an iterator.
-YIELD-RESULT becomes the return value of `iter-yield` in the
+YIELD-RESULT becomes the return value of `iter-yield' in the
 context of the generator.
 
 This routine raises the `iter-end-of-sequence' condition if the
diff --git a/lisp/erc/erc-backend.el b/lisp/erc/erc-backend.el
index 8ce199fbcbb..ee81113d208 100644
--- a/lisp/erc/erc-backend.el
+++ b/lisp/erc/erc-backend.el
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ EVENT is the message received from the closed connection process."
                          (run-at-time erc-server-reconnect-timeout nil
                                       #'erc-process-sentinel-2
                                       event buffer)
-                       (error (concat "`erc-server-reconnect-timeout`"
+                       (error (concat "`erc-server-reconnect-timeout'"
                                       " must be a number")))))))))))
 
 (defun erc-process-sentinel-1 (event buffer)
diff --git a/lisp/faces.el b/lisp/faces.el
index 54e444b730a..d6d37660812 100644
--- a/lisp/faces.el
+++ b/lisp/faces.el
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ VALUE must be a string specifying the font family
 `:foundry'
 
 VALUE must be a string specifying the font foundry,
-e.g. ``adobe''.  If a font foundry is specified, wild-cards `*'
+e.g., \"adobe\".  If a font foundry is specified, wild-cards `*'
 and `?' are allowed.
 
 `:width'
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ where COLOR is a string or `foreground-color', and STYLE is either
 foreground color.  :style may be omitted, which means to use a line.
 
 FRAME nil or not specified means change face on all frames.
-Use `set-face-attribute' to ``unspecify'' underlining."
+Use `set-face-attribute' to “unspecify” underlining."
   (interactive (read-face-and-attribute :underline))
   (set-face-attribute face frame :underline underline))
 
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ Use `set-face-attribute' to ``unspecify'' underlining."
 INVERSE-VIDEO-P non-nil means FACE displays explicitly in inverse video.
 INVERSE-VIDEO-P nil means FACE explicitly is not in inverse video.
 FRAME nil or not specified means change face on all frames.
-Use `set-face-attribute' to ``unspecify'' the inverse video attribute."
+Use `set-face-attribute' to “unspecify” the inverse video attribute."
   (interactive
    (let ((list (read-face-and-attribute :inverse-video)))
      (list (car list) (if (cadr list) t))))
@@ -2042,7 +2042,7 @@ Value is the new parameter list."
   "Create and return a frame with frame parameters PARAMETERS.
 If PARAMETERS specify a frame name, handle X geometry resources
 for that name.  If PARAMETERS includes a `reverse' parameter, or
-the X resource ``reverseVideo'' is present, handle that."
+the X resource \"reverseVideo\" is present, handle that."
   (setq parameters (x-handle-named-frame-geometry parameters))
   (let* ((params (copy-tree parameters))
          (visibility-spec (assq 'visibility parameters))
diff --git a/lisp/forms.el b/lisp/forms.el
index aa57a667ae7..bccb4a05756 100644
--- a/lisp/forms.el
+++ b/lisp/forms.el
@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ Otherwise enables edit mode if the visited file is writable."
 With ARG: store the record after the current one.
 If `forms-new-record-filter' contains the name of a function,
 it is called to fill (some of) the fields with default values.
-If `forms-insert-after is non-nil, the default behavior is to insert
+If `forms-insert-after' is non-nil, the default behavior is to insert
 after the current record."
 
   (interactive "P")
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/canlock.el b/lisp/gnus/canlock.el
index 4082b8723d1..6ebd5338087 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/canlock.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/canlock.el
@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@
 ;; Verifying Cancel-Lock is mainly a function of news servers, however,
 ;; you can verify your own article using the command `canlock-verify' in
 ;; the (raw) article buffer.  You will be prompted for the password for
-;; each time if the option `canlock-password' or `canlock-password-for-
-;; verify' is nil.  Note that setting these options is a bit unsafe.
+;; each time if the option `canlock-password' or
+;; `canlock-password-for-verify' is nil.  Note that setting these
+;; options is a bit unsafe.
 
 ;;; Code:
 
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/deuglify.el b/lisp/gnus/deuglify.el
index 331b99b8652..df54f74e4ef 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/deuglify.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/deuglify.el
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
 ;; > Bye, John
 ;;
 ;; Repairing the attribution line will be done by function
-;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution which calls other function that
+;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution' which calls other function that
 ;; try to recognize and repair broken attribution lines.  See variable
 ;; `gnus-outlook-deuglify-attrib-cut-regexp' for stuff that should be
 ;; cut off from the beginning of an attribution line and variable
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
 ;; Rearranging the article so that the cited text appears above the
 ;; new text will be done by function
 ;; `gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation'.  This function calls
-;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution to find and repair an attribution
+;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution' to find and repair an attribution
 ;; line.
 ;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@
 ;; As I said before there may (or will) be a few false positives on
 ;; unwrapping cited lines with `gnus-article-outlook-unwrap-lines'.
 ;;
-;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution will only fix the first
+;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution' will only fix the first
 ;; attribution line found in the article.  Furthermore it fixed to
 ;; certain kinds of attributions.  And there may be horribly many
 ;; false positives, vanishing lines and so on -- so don't trust your
 ;; eyes.  Again I recommend manual invocation.
 ;;
 ;; `gnus-article-outlook-rearrange-citation' carries all the limitations of
-;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution.
+;; `gnus-article-outlook-repair-attribution'.
 ;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
index 989a4247800..7630afbdcf4 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ how to control what it hides."
   :type gnus-article-treat-custom)
 
 (defcustom gnus-treat-strip-list-identifiers 'head
-  "Strip list identifiers from `gnus-list-identifiers`.
+  "Strip list identifiers from `gnus-list-identifiers'.
 Valid values are nil, t, `head', `first', `last', an integer or a
 predicate.  See Info node `(gnus)Customizing Articles'."
   :version "21.1"
@@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ regexp."
     (modify-syntax-entry ?` " " table)
     table)
   "Syntax table used in article mode buffers.
-Initialized from `text-mode-syntax-table.")
+Initialized from `text-mode-syntax-table'.")
 
 (defvar gnus-save-article-buffer nil)
 
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el
index ff839d7f18c..69a2482f65b 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-group.el
@@ -3285,7 +3285,7 @@ mail messages or news articles in files that have numeric names."
 
    Rights is a string listing a (possibly empty) set of alphanumeric
    characters, each character listing a set of operations which is being
-   controlled.  Letters are reserved for ``standard'' rights, listed
+   controlled.  Letters are reserved for “standard” rights, listed
    below.  Digits are reserved for implementation or site defined rights.
 
    l - lookup (mailbox is visible to LIST/LSUB commands)
diff --git a/lisp/ido.el b/lisp/ido.el
index 60a59d6e99d..b97f72ce940 100644
--- a/lisp/ido.el
+++ b/lisp/ido.el
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ use either \\[customize] or the function `ido-mode'."
   '("\\` ")
   "List of regexps or functions matching buffer names to ignore.
 For example, traditional behavior is not to list buffers whose names begin
-with a space, for which the regexp is `\\` '.  See the source file for
+with a space, for which the regexp is ‘\\` ’.  See the source file for
 example functions that filter buffer names."
   :type '(repeat (choice regexp function))
   :group 'ido)
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ example functions that filter buffer names."
   '("\\`CVS/" "\\`#" "\\`.#" "\\`\\.\\./" "\\`\\./")
   "List of regexps or functions matching file names to ignore.
 For example, traditional behavior is not to list files whose names begin
-with a #, for which the regexp is `\\`#'.  See the source file for
+with a #, for which the regexp is ‘\\`#’.  See the source file for
 example functions that filter filenames."
   :type '(repeat (choice regexp function))
   :group 'ido)
diff --git a/lisp/leim/quail/cyrillic.el b/lisp/leim/quail/cyrillic.el
index 08d53ea721c..7caa5ecbc1d 100644
--- a/lisp/leim/quail/cyrillic.el
+++ b/lisp/leim/quail/cyrillic.el
@@ -1244,8 +1244,8 @@ Unicode based."
 This phonetic layout replaces all the Latin letters with Bulgarian
 \(Cyrillic) letters based on similarities in their pronunciation or look.
 
-Note that, since the letters 'щ', 'ь', 'ю' and 'я' are attached to the
-']', '\', '`' and '[' keys respectively, Caps Lock does not affect them."
+Note that, since the letters ‘щ’, ‘ь’, ‘ю’ and ‘я’ are attached to the
+‘]’, ‘\’, ‘`’ and ‘[’ keys respectively, Caps Lock does not affect them."
 nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 ;;  Ю  1! 2@ 3№ 4$ 5% 6€ 7§ 8* 9( 0) -– =+ ьѝ
diff --git a/lisp/leim/quail/ethiopic.el b/lisp/leim/quail/ethiopic.el
index d99f649e5e7..7a1cddfff23 100644
--- a/lisp/leim/quail/ethiopic.el
+++ b/lisp/leim/quail/ethiopic.el
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ C-F9 or `M-x ethio-toggle-space'
   Toggles space characters for keyboard input.  The current mode is
   indicated in mode-line, whether by `_' (ASCII space) or `፡'
   (Ethiopic colon-like word separator).  Even in the `፡' mode, an
-  ASCII space is inserted if the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic
-  punctuation followed by zero or more ASCII spaces'.
+  ASCII space is inserted if the point is preceded by an Ethiopic
+  punctuation char that is followed by zero or more ASCII spaces.
 
 S-F5 or `M-x ethio-toggle-punctuation'
   Toggles ASCII punctuation and Ethiopic punctuation for keyboard input.
diff --git a/lisp/leim/quail/hebrew.el b/lisp/leim/quail/hebrew.el
index fe06b27a922..5d63e4040a8 100644
--- a/lisp/leim/quail/hebrew.el
+++ b/lisp/leim/quail/hebrew.el
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ Only Hebrew-related characters are considered.
 
 Based on latest draft of SI-1452 keyboard layout.
 Only Hebrew-related characters are considered.
- '`' is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
-Geresh is mapped to '`k'.
+ ‘`’ is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
+Geresh is mapped to ‘`k’.
 " nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 (quail-define-rules
@@ -603,8 +603,8 @@ Not suitable for modern Hebrew input.
 
 Based on Society of Biblical Literature's SIL keyboard layout.
 Phonetic and not suitable for modern Hebrew input.
- '`' is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
- Euro Sign (€) is mapped to 'Z'.
+ ‘`’ is used to switch levels instead of Alt-Gr.
+ Euro Sign (€) is mapped to ‘Z’.
 " nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 (quail-define-rules
diff --git a/lisp/leim/quail/thai.el b/lisp/leim/quail/thai.el
index 37171042643..2554686b9a6 100644
--- a/lisp/leim/quail/thai.el
+++ b/lisp/leim/quail/thai.el
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@
  "Thai Kesmanee input method with TIS620 keyboard layout
 
 The difference from the ordinal Thai keyboard:
-    '฿' and '๏' are assigned to '\\' and '|' respectively,
-    'ฃ' and 'ฅ' are assigned to '`' and '~' respectively,
-    Don't know where to assign characters '๚' and '๛'."
+    ‘฿’ and ‘๏’ are assigned to ‘\\’ and ‘|’ respectively,
+    ‘ฃ’ and ‘ฅ’ are assigned to ‘`’ and ‘~’ respectively,
+    Don't know where to assign characters ‘๚’ and ‘๛’."
  nil t t t t nil nil nil nil nil t)
 
 (thai-generate-quail-map
diff --git a/lisp/mail/supercite.el b/lisp/mail/supercite.el
index cf3aac1a317..f6b27c24f98 100644
--- a/lisp/mail/supercite.el
+++ b/lisp/mail/supercite.el
@@ -886,10 +886,10 @@ Action can be one of: View, Modify, Add, or Delete."
 
 (defun sc-attribs-%@-addresses (from &optional delim)
   "Extract the author's email terminus from email address FROM.
-Match addresses of the style ``name%[stuff].'' when called with DELIM
-of \"%\" and addresses of the style ``[stuff]name@[stuff]'' when
+Match addresses of the style “name%[stuff].” when called with DELIM
+of \"%\" and addresses of the style “[stuff]name@[stuff]” when
 called with DELIM \"@\".  If DELIM is nil or not provided, matches
-addresses of the style ``name''."
+addresses of the style “name”."
   (and (string-match (concat "[-[:alnum:]_.]+" delim) from 0)
        (substring from
                   (match-beginning 0)
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ addresses of the style ``name''."
 
 (defun sc-attribs-!-addresses (from)
   "Extract the author's email terminus from email address FROM.
-Match addresses of the style ``[stuff]![stuff]...!name[stuff].''"
+Match addresses of the style “[stuff]![stuff]...!name[stuff].”"
   (let ((eos (length from))
         (mstart (string-match "![-[:alnum:]_.]+\\([^-![:alnum:]_.]\\|$\\)"
                               from 0))
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ Match addresses of the style ``[stuff]![stuff]...!name[stuff].''"
 
 (defun sc-attribs-<>-addresses (from)
   "Extract the author's email terminus from email address FROM.
-Match addresses of the style ``<name[stuff]>.''"
+Match addresses of the style “<name[stuff]>.”"
   (and (string-match "<\\(.*\\)>" from)
        (match-string 1 from)))
 
diff --git a/lisp/net/rlogin.el b/lisp/net/rlogin.el
index d0758208303..e71179b6b89 100644
--- a/lisp/net/rlogin.el
+++ b/lisp/net/rlogin.el
@@ -235,14 +235,14 @@ variable."
   "Do remote or local directory tracking, or disable entirely.
 
 If called with no prefix argument or a unspecified prefix argument (just
-``\\[universal-argument]'' with no number) do remote directory tracking via
+`\\[universal-argument]' with no number) do remote directory tracking via
 ange-ftp.  If called as a function, give it no argument.
 
 If called with a negative prefix argument, disable directory tracking
 entirely.
 
 If called with a positive, numeric prefix argument, e.g.
-``\\[universal-argument] 1 M-x rlogin-directory-tracking-mode\'',
+`\\[universal-argument] 1 M-x rlogin-directory-tracking-mode',
 then do directory tracking but assume the remote filesystem is the same as
 the local system.  This only works in general if the remote machine and the
 local one share the same directories (e.g. through NFS)."
diff --git a/lisp/net/soap-client.el b/lisp/net/soap-client.el
index b19a432ee53..77405740917 100644
--- a/lisp/net/soap-client.el
+++ b/lisp/net/soap-client.el
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ elements named \"foo\" exist in the WSDL you could use:
 
   (soap-wsdl-get \"foo\" WSDL 'soap-message-p)
 
-If USE-LOCAL-ALIAS-TABLE is not nil, `soap-local-xmlns` will be
+If USE-LOCAL-ALIAS-TABLE is not nil, `soap-local-xmlns' will be
 used to resolve the namespace alias."
   (let ((alias-table (soap-wsdl-alias-table wsdl))
         namespace element-name element)
diff --git a/lisp/net/telnet.el b/lisp/net/telnet.el
index f844f83d716..6d9f408d5ca 100644
--- a/lisp/net/telnet.el
+++ b/lisp/net/telnet.el
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ Normally input is edited in Emacs and sent a line at a time."
 (define-derived-mode telnet-mode comint-mode "Telnet"
   "This mode is for using telnet (or rsh) from a buffer to another host.
 It has most of the same commands as comint-mode.
-There is a variable ``telnet-interrupt-string'' which is the character
+There is a variable `telnet-interrupt-string' which is the character
 sent to try to stop execution of a job on the remote host.
 Data is sent to the remote host when RET is typed."
   (set (make-local-variable 'window-point-insertion-type) t)
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp-cmds.el b/lisp/net/tramp-cmds.el
index d45c0aad142..89baaa444a7 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp-cmds.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp-cmds.el
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ This includes password cache, file cache, connection cache, buffers."
   (interactive "P")
   (if arg (insert tramp-version) (message tramp-version)))
 
-;; Make the `reporter` functionality available for making bug reports about
+;; Make the "reporter" functionality available for making bug reports about
 ;; the package. A most useful piece of code.
 
 (autoload 'reporter-submit-bug-report "reporter")
diff --git a/lisp/net/tramp.el b/lisp/net/tramp.el
index 10bb76983aa..c71cf5edb25 100644
--- a/lisp/net/tramp.el
+++ b/lisp/net/tramp.el
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ are fit for gateways must have `tramp-default-port' at least.
 
 Notes:
 
-When using `su' or `sudo' the phrase `open connection to a remote
-host' sounds strange, but it is used nevertheless, for consistency.
+When using `su' or `sudo' the phrase “open connection to a remote
+host” sounds strange, but it is used nevertheless, for consistency.
 No connection is opened to a remote host, but `su' or `sudo' is
 started on the local host.  You should specify a remote host
 `localhost' or the name of the local host.  Another host name is
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-bbdb.el b/lisp/org/org-bbdb.el
index a0711cc006b..c4893850199 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-bbdb.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-bbdb.el
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 ;; the diary using bbdb-anniv.el.
 ;;
 ;; Put the following in /somewhere/at/home/diary.org and make sure
-;; that this file is in `org-agenda-files`
+;; that this file is in `org-agenda-files'.
 ;;
 ;; %%(org-bbdb-anniversaries)
 ;;
diff --git a/lisp/org/org-compat.el b/lisp/org/org-compat.el
index 9c92903314a..d3c477e7f3f 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org-compat.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org-compat.el
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ ignored in this case."
   (or window (selected-window)))
 
 (defun org-number-sequence (from &optional to inc)
-  "Call `number-sequence or emulate it."
+  "Call `number-sequence' or emulate it."
   (if (fboundp 'number-sequence)
       (number-sequence from to inc)
     (if (or (not to) (= from to))
diff --git a/lisp/org/org.el b/lisp/org/org.el
index 54924a9964a..ea5d56effcd 100644
--- a/lisp/org/org.el
+++ b/lisp/org/org.el
@@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ changed by an edit command."
 (defcustom org-remove-highlights-with-change t
   "Non-nil means any change to the buffer will remove temporary highlights.
 Such highlights are created by `org-occur' and `org-clock-display'.
-When nil, `C-c C-c needs to be used to get rid of the highlights.
+When nil, `C-c C-c' needs to be used to get rid of the highlights.
 The highlights created by `org-preview-latex-fragment' always need
 `C-c C-c' to be removed."
   :group 'org-sparse-trees
@@ -12077,7 +12077,7 @@ This is a list of abbreviation keys and values.  The value gets inserted
 if you type `<' followed by the key and then press the completion key,
 usually `M-TAB'.  %file will be replaced by a file name after prompting
 for the file using completion.  The cursor will be placed at the position
-of the `?` in the template.
+of the `?' in the template.
 There are two templates for each key, the first uses the original Org syntax,
 the second uses Emacs Muse-like syntax tags.  These Muse-like tags become
 the default when the /org-mtags.el/ module has been loaded.  See also the
diff --git a/lisp/org/ox-html.el b/lisp/org/ox-html.el
index 36984b5cc37..144b58b9bc8 100644
--- a/lisp/org/ox-html.el
+++ b/lisp/org/ox-html.el
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ t              Synonym for `mathjax'."
 When `org-mode' is exporting an `org-mode' file to HTML, links to
 non-html files are directly put into a href tag in HTML.
 However, links to other Org-mode files (recognized by the
-extension `.org.) should become links to the corresponding html
+extension `.org') should become links to the corresponding html
 file, assuming that the linked `org-mode' file will also be
 converted to HTML.
 When nil, the links still point to the plain `.org' file."
diff --git a/lisp/play/handwrite.el b/lisp/play/handwrite.el
index 32ea6630717..62a8fe4bb0b 100644
--- a/lisp/play/handwrite.el
+++ b/lisp/play/handwrite.el
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ Variables: `handwrite-linespace'     (default 12)
     (handwrite-set-pagenumber-on)))
 
 (defun handwrite-10pt ()
-  "Specify 10-point output for `handwrite.
+  "Specify 10-point output for `handwrite'.
 This sets `handwrite-fontsize' to 10 and finds correct
 values for `handwrite-linespace' and `handwrite-numlines'."
   (interactive)
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ values for `handwrite-linespace' and `handwrite-numlines'."
 
 
 (defun handwrite-11pt ()
-  "Specify 11-point output for `handwrite.
+  "Specify 11-point output for `handwrite'.
 This sets `handwrite-fontsize' to 11 and finds correct
 values for `handwrite-linespace' and `handwrite-numlines'."
   (interactive)
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ values for `handwrite-linespace' and `handwrite-numlines'."
   (message "Handwrite output size set to 11 points"))
 
 (defun handwrite-12pt ()
-  "Specify 12-point output for `handwrite.
+  "Specify 12-point output for `handwrite'.
 This sets `handwrite-fontsize' to 12 and finds correct
 values for `handwrite-linespace' and `handwrite-numlines'."
   (interactive)
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ values for `handwrite-linespace' and `handwrite-numlines'."
   (message "Handwrite output size set to 12 points"))
 
 (defun handwrite-13pt ()
-  "Specify 13-point output for `handwrite.
+  "Specify 13-point output for `handwrite'.
 This sets `handwrite-fontsize' to 13 and finds correct
 values for `handwrite-linespace' and `handwrite-numlines'."
   (interactive)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el b/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el
index d0beab1d485..d8854f4b882 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el
@@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ system."
 
 (defvar c-lang-const-expansion nil)
 
-;; Ugly hack to pull in the definition of `cc-bytecomp-compiling-or-loading`
+;; Ugly hack to pull in the definition of `cc-bytecomp-compiling-or-loading'
 ;; from cc-bytecomp to make it available at loadtime.  This is the same
 ;; mechanism used in cc-mode.el for `c-populate-syntax-table'.
 (defalias 'cc-bytecomp-compiling-or-loading
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/f90.el b/lisp/progmodes/f90.el
index 6264d3b7b82..74e3234f05e 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/f90.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/f90.el
@@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ For fixed format code, use `fortran-mode'.
  indented line.
 \\[f90-indent-subprogram] indents the current subprogram.
 
-Type `? or `\\[help-command] to display a list of built-in\
+Type `?' or `\\[help-command]' to display a list of built-in\
  abbrevs for F90 keywords.
 
 Key definitions:
@@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ Leave point at the end of line."
 ;; Abbrevs and keywords.
 
 (defun f90-abbrev-start ()
-  "Typing `\\[help-command] or `? lists all the F90 abbrevs.
+  "Typing `\\[help-command]' or `?' lists all the F90 abbrevs.
 Any other key combination is executed normally."
   (interactive "*")
   (self-insert-command 1)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el b/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el
index 486d67297a9..4af8ac6971e 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el
@@ -2376,9 +2376,9 @@ Sets `gdb-thread-number' to new id."
   (let* ((result (gdb-json-string output-field))
          (thread-id (bindat-get-field result 'id)))
     (gdb-setq-thread-number thread-id)
-    ;; Typing `thread N` in GUD buffer makes GDB emit `^done` followed
-    ;; by `=thread-selected` notification. `^done` causes `gdb-update`
-    ;; as usually. Things happen to fast and second call (from
+    ;; Typing `thread N' in GUD buffer makes GDB emit `^done' followed
+    ;; by `=thread-selected' notification. `^done' causes `gdb-update'
+    ;; as usually. Things happen too fast and second call (from
     ;; gdb-thread-selected handler) gets cut off by our beloved
     ;; pending triggers.
     ;; Solution is `gdb-wait-for-pending' macro: it guarantees that its
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el b/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el
index 02a8ec8a560..023970207dc 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ to set this option to nil."
 
 (defcustom idlwave-shell-file-name-chars "~/A-Za-z0-9+:_.$#%={}\\- "
   "The characters allowed in file names, as a string.
-Used for file name completion.  Must not contain `'', `,' and `\"'
+Used for file name completion.  Must not contain ‘'’, ‘,’ and ‘\"’
 because these are used as separators by IDL."
   :group 'idlwave-shell-general-setup
   :type 'string)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/idlwave.el b/lisp/progmodes/idlwave.el
index 7e269cb60f0..45f080c3aab 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/idlwave.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/idlwave.el
@@ -1837,7 +1837,7 @@ The main features of this mode are
 5. Code Templates and Abbreviations
    --------------------------------
    Many Abbreviations are predefined to expand to code fragments and templates.
-   The abbreviations start generally with a `\\`.  Some examples:
+   The abbreviations start generally with a `\\'.  Some examples:
 
    \\pr        PROCEDURE template
    \\fu        FUNCTION template
@@ -2047,7 +2047,7 @@ If optional argument RESERVED is non-nil then the expansion
 consists of reserved words, which will be capitalized if
 `idlwave-reserved-word-upcase' is non-nil.
 Otherwise, the abbrev will be capitalized if `idlwave-abbrev-change-case'
-is non-nil, unless its value is \`down in which case the abbrev will be
+is non-nil, unless its value is `down' in which case the abbrev will be
 made into all lowercase.
 Returns non-nil if abbrev is left expanded."
   (if (idlwave-quoted)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el
index a1ad49e9a2c..4b0cb0f6fd8 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el
@@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ take you to the next lint error."
 
 (defvar verilog-tool 'verilog-linter
   "Which tool to use for building compiler-command.
-Either nil, `verilog-linter, `verilog-compiler,
-`verilog-coverage, `verilog-preprocessor, or `verilog-simulator.
+Either nil, `verilog-linter', `verilog-compiler',
+`verilog-coverage', `verilog-preprocessor', or `verilog-simulator'.
 Alternatively use the \"Choose Compilation Action\" menu.  See
 `verilog-set-compile-command' for more information.")
 
@@ -1674,7 +1674,7 @@ If third arg START is non-nil, start search at that index in STRING."
 
 (defsubst verilog-string-replace-matches (from-string to-string fixedcase literal string)
   "Replace occurrences of FROM-STRING with TO-STRING.
-FIXEDCASE and LITERAL as in `replace-match`.  STRING is what to replace.
+FIXEDCASE and LITERAL as in `replace-match'.  STRING is what to replace.
 The case (verilog-string-replace-matches \"o\" \"oo\" nil nil \"foobar\")
 will break, as the o's continuously replace.  xa -> x works ok though."
   ;; Hopefully soon to an Emacs built-in
@@ -5201,7 +5201,7 @@ becomes:
 (defun verilog-preprocess (&optional command filename)
   "Preprocess the buffer, similar to `compile', but put output in Verilog-Mode.
 Takes optional COMMAND or defaults to `verilog-preprocessor', and
-FILENAME to find directory to run in, or defaults to `buffer-file-name`."
+FILENAME to find directory to run in, or defaults to `buffer-file-name'."
   (interactive
    (list
     (let ((default (verilog-expand-command verilog-preprocessor)))
@@ -12648,7 +12648,7 @@ driver/monitor using AUTOINST in the testbench."
 (defun verilog-auto-insert-lisp ()
   "Expand AUTOINSERTLISP statements, as part of \\[verilog-auto].
 The Lisp code provided is called before other AUTOS are expanded,
-and the Lisp code generally will call `insert` to insert text
+and the Lisp code generally will call `insert' to insert text
 into the current file beginning on the line after the
 AUTOINSERTLISP.
 
@@ -12713,7 +12713,7 @@ text:
 (defun verilog-auto-insert-last ()
   "Expand AUTOINSERTLAST statements, as part of \\[verilog-auto].
 The Lisp code provided is called after all other AUTOS have been
-expanded, and the Lisp code generally will call `insert` to
+expanded, and the Lisp code generally will call `insert' to
 insert text into the current file beginning on the line after the
 AUTOINSERTLAST.
 
diff --git a/lisp/recentf.el b/lisp/recentf.el
index 37937ec1be1..dd5ba86e078 100644
--- a/lisp/recentf.el
+++ b/lisp/recentf.el
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ They are successively passed a file name to transform it."
             (function :tag "Other function")))))
 
 (defcustom recentf-show-file-shortcuts-flag t
-  "Whether to show ``[N]'' for the Nth item up to 10.
+  "Whether to show “[N]” for the Nth item up to 10.
 If non-nil, `recentf-open-files' will show labels for keys that can be
 used as shortcuts to open the Nth file."
   :group 'recentf
diff --git a/lisp/skeleton.el b/lisp/skeleton.el
index 84b0e0a5754..1363422dcc2 100644
--- a/lisp/skeleton.el
+++ b/lisp/skeleton.el
@@ -502,8 +502,9 @@ Pairing is also prohibited if we are right after a quoting character
 such as backslash.
 
 If a match is found in `skeleton-pair-alist', that is inserted, else
-the defaults are used.  These are (), [], {}, <> and `' for the
-symmetrical ones, and the same character twice for the others."
+the defaults are used.  These are (), [], {}, <> and (grave
+accent, apostrophe) for the paired ones, and the same character
+twice for the others."
   (interactive "*P")
   (if (or arg (not skeleton-pair))
       (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))
diff --git a/lisp/term/tvi970.el b/lisp/term/tvi970.el
index 3571b488e7d..c1f5928bebe 100644
--- a/lisp/term/tvi970.el
+++ b/lisp/term/tvi970.el
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ With a prefix argument ARG, enable the mode if ARG is positive,
 and disable it otherwise.  If called from Lisp, enable the mode
 if ARG is omitted or nil.
 
-In ``alternate keypad mode'', the keys send distinct escape
+In alternate keypad mode, the keys send distinct escape
 sequences, meaning that they can have their own bindings,
 independent of the normal number keys.
 
-When disabled, the terminal enters ``numeric keypad mode'', in
+When disabled, the terminal enters numeric keypad mode, in
 which the keypad's keys act as ordinary digits."
   :variable (terminal-parameter nil 'tvi970-keypad-numeric)
   (send-string-to-terminal
diff --git a/lisp/textmodes/artist.el b/lisp/textmodes/artist.el
index 73521605436..7c9002bc9f3 100644
--- a/lisp/textmodes/artist.el
+++ b/lisp/textmodes/artist.el
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ during the flood-fill."
 (defcustom artist-ellipse-right-char ?\)
   "Character to use at the rightmost position when drawing narrow ellipses.
 
-In this figure, it is the right parenthesis (the ``)'' character):
+In this figure, it is the right parenthesis (the “)” character):
              -----
             (     )
              -----"
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ In this figure, it is the right parenthesis (the ``)'' character):
 (defcustom artist-ellipse-left-char ?\(
   "Character to use at the leftmost position when drawing narrow ellipses.
 
-In this figure, it is the left parenthesis (the ``('' character):
+In this figure, it is the left parenthesis (the “(” character):
              -----
             (     )
              -----"
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Accept this many characters cutting off a line and still treat
 it as one line.
 Example:
  If `artist-vaporize-fuzziness' is 2, then those will be recognized as
- lines from A to B (provided you start vaporizing them at the ``*''):
+ lines from A to B (provided you start vaporizing them at the “*”):
                          /
             A----*------/-----------B
                       \\/
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ Example:
                       \\/ /
             A----*----/\\/----------B
                      / /\\
- (in fact, only the left part [between the A and the leftmost ``/''
+ (in fact, only the left part [between the A and the leftmost “/”
  crossing the line] will be vaporized)."
   :group 'artist
   :type 'integer)
@@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ Example:
   ;; This is a defvar, not a defcustom, since the custom
   ;; package shows lists of characters as a lists of integers,
   ;; which is confusing
-  "Characters (``color'') to use when spraying.
-They should be ordered from the ``lightest'' to the ``heaviest''
+  "Characters (“color”) to use when spraying.
+They should be ordered from the “lightest” to the “heaviest”
 since spraying replaces a light character with the next heavier one.")
 
 
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ Drawing with the mouse:
                 * Cut copies, then clears the rectangle/square.
 
                 * When drawing lines or poly-lines, you can set arrows.
-                  See below under ``Arrows'' for more info.
+                  See below under “Arrows” for more info.
 
                 * The mode line shows the currently selected drawing operation.
                   In addition, if it has an asterisk (*) at the end, you
@@ -1383,8 +1383,8 @@ Variables
  artist-vaporize-fuzziness      Tolerance when recognizing lines
  artist-spray-interval          Seconds between repeated sprayings
  artist-spray-radius            Size of the spray-area
- artist-spray-chars             The spray-``color''
- artist-spray-new-chars         Initial spray-``color''
+ artist-spray-chars             The spray-“color”
+ artist-spray-new-chars         Initial spray-“color”
 
 Hooks
 
@@ -2020,7 +2020,7 @@ The replacement is used to convert tabs and new-lines to spaces."
 (defsubst artist-replace-string (string &optional see-thru)
   "Replace contents at point with STRING.
 With optional argument SEE-THRU set to non-nil, text in the buffer
-``shines thru'' blanks in the STRING."
+“shines thru” blanks in the STRING."
   (let ((char-list (append string nil)) ; convert the string to a list
         (overwrite-mode 'overwrite-mode-textual)
         (fill-column 32765)             ; Large :-)
@@ -2385,7 +2385,7 @@ in the coord."
 ;; Pretend we are plotting a pixel. Instead we just list it
 ;;
 (defmacro artist-put-pixel (point-list x y)
-  "In POINT-LIST, store a ``pixel'' at coord X,Y."
+  "In POINT-LIST, store a “pixel” at coord X,Y."
   `(setq ,point-list
          (append ,point-list (list (artist-new-coord ,x ,y)))))
 
@@ -2928,7 +2928,7 @@ This is done by calling the function specified by
 `artist-text-renderer-function', which must return a list of strings,
 to be inserted in the buffer.
 
-Text already in the buffer ``shines thru'' blanks in the rendered text."
+Text already in the buffer “shines thru” blanks in the rendered text."
   (let* ((input-text (read-string "Type text to render: "))
          (rendered-text (artist-funcall artist-text-renderer-function input-text)))
     (artist-text-insert-see-thru x y rendered-text)))
diff --git a/lisp/textmodes/makeinfo.el b/lisp/textmodes/makeinfo.el
index d62929b95b5..b9b72ea644f 100644
--- a/lisp/textmodes/makeinfo.el
+++ b/lisp/textmodes/makeinfo.el
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ The name of the file is appended to this string, separated by a space."
   "String containing options for running `makeinfo'.
 Do not include `--footnote-style' or `--paragraph-indent';
 the proper way to specify those is with the Texinfo commands
-`@footnotestyle` and `@paragraphindent'."
+`@footnotestyle' and `@paragraphindent'."
   :type 'string
   :group 'makeinfo)
 
diff --git a/lisp/textmodes/rst.el b/lisp/textmodes/rst.el
index cda9703ea6b..bc437b746f6 100644
--- a/lisp/textmodes/rst.el
+++ b/lisp/textmodes/rst.el
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ argument list for `rst-re'.")
 
 (defvar rst-re-alist) ; Forward declare to use it in `rst-re'.
 
-;; FIXME: Use `sregex` or `rx` instead of re-inventing the wheel.
+;; FIXME: Use `sregex' or `rx' instead of re-inventing the wheel.
 (rst-testcover-add-compose 'rst-re)
 ;; testcover: ok.
 (defun rst-re (&rest args)
@@ -1512,8 +1512,8 @@ PFXARG (alternate behavior).
 
 This function is a bit of a swiss knife.  It is meant to adjust
 the adornments of a section title in reStructuredText.  It tries
-to deal with all the possible cases gracefully and to do `the
-right thing' in all cases.
+to deal with all the possible cases gracefully and to do “the
+right thing” in all cases.
 
 See the documentations of `rst-adjust-adornment-work' and
 `rst-promote-region' for full details.
@@ -3571,8 +3571,8 @@ of your own."
     ;;        properties on comments and literal blocks so they are *not*
     ;;        inline fontified.  See (elisp)Search-based Fontification.
 
-    ;; FIXME: And / or use `syntax-propertize` functions as in `octave-mod.el`
-    ;;        and other V24 modes.  May make `font-lock-extend-region`
+    ;; FIXME: And / or use `syntax-propertize' functions as in `octave-mod.el'
+    ;;        and other V24 modes.  May make `font-lock-extend-region'
     ;;        superfluous.
 
     ;; `Comments`_
@@ -3952,11 +3952,11 @@ string)) to be used for converting the document."
   :package-version "1.2.0")
 (rst-testcover-defcustom)
 
-;; FIXME: Must be `defcustom`.
+;; FIXME: Must be defcustom.
 (defvar rst-compile-primary-toolset 'html
   "The default tool-set for `rst-compile'.")
 
-;; FIXME: Must be `defcustom`.
+;; FIXME: Must be defcustom.
 (defvar rst-compile-secondary-toolset 'latex
   "The default tool-set for `rst-compile' with a prefix argument.")
 
@@ -4035,7 +4035,7 @@ buffer, if the region is not selected."
      (cadr (assq 'pseudoxml rst-compile-toolsets))
      standard-output)))
 
-;; FIXME: Should be `defcustom`.
+;; FIXME: Should be defcustom.
 (defvar rst-pdf-program "xpdf"
   "Program used to preview PDF files.")
 
@@ -4052,7 +4052,7 @@ buffer, if the region is not selected."
     ;; output.
     ))
 
-;; FIXME: Should be `defcustom` or use something like `browse-url`.
+;; FIXME: Should be defcustom or use something like `browse-url'.
 (defvar rst-slides-program "firefox"
   "Program used to preview S5 slides.")
 
diff --git a/lisp/vc/ediff-util.el b/lisp/vc/ediff-util.el
index 260366e242a..4ebffec7f1a 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/ediff-util.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/ediff-util.el
@@ -3988,7 +3988,7 @@ and mail it to the address above.
 Please read this first:
 ----------------------
 
-Some ``bugs'' may actually be no bugs at all.  For instance, if you are
+Some “bugs” may actually be no bugs at all.  For instance, if you are
 reporting that certain difference regions are not matched as you think they
 should, this is most likely due to the way Unix diff program decides what
 constitutes a difference region.  Ediff is an Emacs interface to diff, and
diff --git a/lisp/vc/log-edit.el b/lisp/vc/log-edit.el
index 08ae998200b..452977a2f04 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/log-edit.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/log-edit.el
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ can be obtained from `log-edit-files'."
 
 (defvar log-edit-changelog-full-paragraphs t
   "If non-nil, include full ChangeLog paragraphs in the log.
-This may be set in the ``local variables'' section of a ChangeLog, to
+This may be set in the “local variables” section of a ChangeLog, to
 indicate the policy for that ChangeLog.
 
 A ChangeLog paragraph is a bunch of log text containing no blank lines;
diff --git a/lisp/vc/vc-bzr.el b/lisp/vc/vc-bzr.el
index c9508251c8d..5f8dd0bf0e8 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/vc-bzr.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/vc-bzr.el
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 ;; ==========
 
 ;; When editing a symlink and *both* the symlink and its target
-;; are bzr-versioned, `vc-bzr` presently runs `bzr status` on the
+;; are bzr-versioned, `vc-bzr' presently runs `bzr status' on the
 ;; symlink, thereby not detecting whether the actual contents
 ;; (that is, the target contents) are changed.
 
diff --git a/lisp/windmove.el b/lisp/windmove.el
index c461a00740a..1df74a2d271 100644
--- a/lisp/windmove.el
+++ b/lisp/windmove.el
@@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ If no window is at direction DIR, an error is signaled."
 
 
 ;;; end-user functions
-;; these are all simple interactive wrappers to `windmove-do-
-;; window-select', meant to be bound to keys.
+;; these are all simple interactive wrappers to
+;; `windmove-do-window-select', meant to be bound to keys.
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun windmove-left (&optional arg)
diff --git a/lisp/xt-mouse.el b/lisp/xt-mouse.el
index f8ae73c7b75..5a258a7329d 100644
--- a/lisp/xt-mouse.el
+++ b/lisp/xt-mouse.el
@@ -321,21 +321,21 @@ Enables basic mouse tracking, mouse motion events and finally
 extended tracking on terminals that support it. The following
 escape sequences are understood by modern xterms:
 
-\"\\e[?1000h\" `Basic mouse mode´: Enables reports for mouse
+\"\\e[?1000h\" “Basic mouse mode”: Enables reports for mouse
             clicks. There is a limit to the maximum row/column
             position (<= 223), which can be reported in this
             basic mode.
 
-\"\\e[?1002h\" `Mouse motion mode´: Enables reports for mouse
+\"\\e[?1002h\" “Mouse motion mode”: Enables reports for mouse
             motion events during dragging operations.
 
-\"\\e[?1005h\" `UTF-8 coordinate extension`: Enables an extension
+\"\\e[?1005h\" “UTF-8 coordinate extension”: Enables an extension
             to the basic mouse mode, which uses UTF-8
             characters to overcome the 223 row/column limit. This
             extension may conflict with non UTF-8 applications or
             non UTF-8 locales.
 
-\"\\e[?1006h\" `SGR coordinate extension´: Enables a newer
+\"\\e[?1006h\" “SGR coordinate extension”: Enables a newer
             alternative extension to the basic mouse mode, which
             overcomes the 223 row/column limit without the
             drawbacks of the UTF-8 coordinate extension.
diff --git a/src/font.c b/src/font.c
index b2b43c79713..355353a4f4a 100644
--- a/src/font.c
+++ b/src/font.c
@@ -3822,17 +3822,17 @@ They are the same as face attributes of the same name.  See
 
 `:foundry'
 
-VALUE must be a string or a symbol specifying the font foundry, e.g. ``misc''.
+VALUE must be a string or a symbol specifying the font foundry, e.g. `misc'.
 
 `:adstyle'
 
 VALUE must be a string or a symbol specifying the additional
-typographic style information of a font, e.g. ``sans''.
+typographic style information of a font, e.g. `sans'.
 
 `:registry'
 
 VALUE must be a string or a symbol specifying the charset registry and
-encoding of a font, e.g. ``iso8859-1''.
+encoding of a font, e.g. `iso8859-1'.
 
 `:size'