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authorXue Fuqiao2013-07-31 20:59:10 +0800
committerXue Fuqiao2013-07-31 20:59:10 +0800
commit64a695bd9196d2036ecfbc02d69dcfdfd4ffe866 (patch)
tree9c0dfd83ee907d755a6f8725ef6543221859179a
parentf435830ea42db6073ed8714452dae302a3c855c5 (diff)
downloademacs-64a695bd9196d2036ecfbc02d69dcfdfd4ffe866.tar.gz
emacs-64a695bd9196d2036ecfbc02d69dcfdfd4ffe866.zip
Doc fix.
* doc/emacs/custom.texi (Specifying File Variables): Fix cross-references. * doc/emacs/mule.texi (Unibyte Mode): Fix cross-references. * doc/lispref/nonascii.texi (Non-ASCII Characters): Update menu. (Disabling Multibyte): Move here from doc/emacs/mule.texi. Fix cross-references. * doc/lispref/elisp.texi (Top): Update menu.
-rw-r--r--doc/emacs/ChangeLog4
-rw-r--r--doc/emacs/custom.texi5
-rw-r--r--doc/emacs/mule.texi90
-rw-r--r--doc/lispref/ChangeLog7
-rw-r--r--doc/lispref/elisp.texi1
-rw-r--r--doc/lispref/nonascii.texi50
6 files changed, 73 insertions, 84 deletions
diff --git a/doc/emacs/ChangeLog b/doc/emacs/ChangeLog
index 775bb9fc26b..2e962bc08fe 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/emacs/ChangeLog
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
12013-07-31 Xue Fuqiao <xfq.free@gmail.com> 12013-07-31 Xue Fuqiao <xfq.free@gmail.com>
2 2
3 * custom.texi (Specifying File Variables): Fix cross-references.
4
5 * mule.texi (Unibyte Mode): Fix cross-references.
6
3 * macos.texi (Mac / GNUstep Basics): Mention `ns-alternate-modifier'. 7 * macos.texi (Mac / GNUstep Basics): Mention `ns-alternate-modifier'.
4 8
5 * cal-xtra.texi (Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage): Update menu. 9 * cal-xtra.texi (Advanced Calendar/Diary Usage): Update menu.
diff --git a/doc/emacs/custom.texi b/doc/emacs/custom.texi
index 45fa45191f3..f3e07fd8ba0 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/custom.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/custom.texi
@@ -1166,7 +1166,10 @@ conversion of this file. @xref{Coding Systems}.
1166 1166
1167@item 1167@item
1168@code{unibyte} says to load or compile a file of Emacs Lisp in unibyte 1168@code{unibyte} says to load or compile a file of Emacs Lisp in unibyte
1169mode, if the value is @code{t}. @xref{Disabling Multibyte}. 1169mode, if the value is @code{t}. @xref{Disabling Multibyte, ,
1170Disabling Multibyte Characters, elisp, GNU Emacs Lisp Reference
1171Manual}.
1172
1170@end itemize 1173@end itemize
1171 1174
1172@noindent 1175@noindent
diff --git a/doc/emacs/mule.texi b/doc/emacs/mule.texi
index c8bd5027fa0..2ee7d2018a5 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/mule.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/mule.texi
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ value to make sure Emacs interprets keyboard input correctly; see
90 90
91@menu 91@menu
92* International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters. 92* International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
93* Disabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
94* Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use. 93* Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
95* Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard. 94* Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
96* Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods. 95* Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods.
@@ -244,79 +243,6 @@ Character code properties: customize what to show
244 decomposition: (65 768) ('A' '`') 243 decomposition: (65 768) ('A' '`')
245@end smallexample 244@end smallexample
246 245
247@c FIXME? Does this section even belong in the user manual?
248@c Seems more appropriate to the lispref?
249@node Disabling Multibyte
250@section Disabling Multibyte Characters
251
252 By default, Emacs starts in multibyte mode: it stores the contents
253of buffers and strings using an internal encoding that represents
254non-@acronym{ASCII} characters using multi-byte sequences. Multibyte
255mode allows you to use all the supported languages and scripts without
256limitations.
257
258@cindex turn multibyte support on or off
259 Under very special circumstances, you may want to disable multibyte
260character support, for a specific buffer.
261When multibyte characters are disabled in a buffer, we call
262that @dfn{unibyte mode}. In unibyte mode, each character in the
263buffer has a character code ranging from 0 through 255 (0377 octal); 0
264through 127 (0177 octal) represent @acronym{ASCII} characters, and 128
265(0200 octal) through 255 (0377 octal) represent non-@acronym{ASCII}
266characters.
267
268 To edit a particular file in unibyte representation, visit it using
269@code{find-file-literally}. @xref{Visiting}. You can convert a
270multibyte buffer to unibyte by saving it to a file, killing the
271buffer, and visiting the file again with @code{find-file-literally}.
272Alternatively, you can use @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c}
273(@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) and specify @samp{raw-text}
274as the coding system with which to visit or save a file. @xref{Text
275Coding}. Unlike @code{find-file-literally}, finding a file as
276@samp{raw-text} doesn't disable format conversion, uncompression, or
277auto mode selection.
278
279@c Not a single file in Emacs uses this feature. Is it really worth
280@c mentioning in the _user_ manual? Also, this duplicates somewhat
281@c "Loading Non-ASCII" from the lispref.
282@cindex Lisp files, and multibyte operation
283@cindex multibyte operation, and Lisp files
284@cindex unibyte operation, and Lisp files
285@cindex init file, and non-@acronym{ASCII} characters
286 Emacs normally loads Lisp files as multibyte.
287This includes the Emacs initialization
288file, @file{.emacs}, and the initialization files of packages
289such as Gnus. However, you can specify unibyte loading for a
290particular Lisp file, by adding an entry @samp{coding: raw-text} in a file
291local variables section. @xref{Specify Coding}.
292Then that file is always loaded as unibyte text.
293@ignore
294@c I don't see the point of this statement:
295The motivation for these conventions is that it is more reliable to
296always load any particular Lisp file in the same way.
297@end ignore
298You can also load a Lisp file as unibyte, on any one occasion, by
299typing @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c raw-text @key{RET}} immediately before
300loading it.
301
302@c See http://debbugs.gnu.org/11226 for lack of unibyte tooltip.
303@vindex enable-multibyte-characters
304The buffer-local variable @code{enable-multibyte-characters} is
305non-@code{nil} in multibyte buffers, and @code{nil} in unibyte ones.
306The mode line also indicates whether a buffer is multibyte or not.
307@xref{Mode Line}. With a graphical display, in a multibyte buffer,
308the portion of the mode line that indicates the character set has a
309tooltip that (amongst other things) says that the buffer is multibyte.
310In a unibyte buffer, the character set indicator is absent. Thus, in
311a unibyte buffer (when using a graphical display) there is normally
312nothing before the indication of the visited file's end-of-line
313convention (colon, backslash, etc.), unless you are using an input
314method.
315
316@findex toggle-enable-multibyte-characters
317You can turn off multibyte support in a specific buffer by invoking the
318command @code{toggle-enable-multibyte-characters} in that buffer.
319
320@node Language Environments 246@node Language Environments
321@section Language Environments 247@section Language Environments
322@cindex language environments 248@cindex language environments
@@ -1591,15 +1517,13 @@ the range 0240 to 0377 octal (160 to 255 decimal) to handle the
1591accented letters and punctuation needed by various European languages 1517accented letters and punctuation needed by various European languages
1592(and some non-European ones). Note that Emacs considers bytes with 1518(and some non-European ones). Note that Emacs considers bytes with
1593codes in this range as raw bytes, not as characters, even in a unibyte 1519codes in this range as raw bytes, not as characters, even in a unibyte
1594buffer, i.e., if you disable multibyte characters. However, Emacs 1520buffer, i.e., if you disable multibyte characters. However, Emacs can
1595can still handle these character codes as if they belonged to 1521still handle these character codes as if they belonged to @emph{one}
1596@emph{one} of the single-byte character sets at a time. To specify 1522of the single-byte character sets at a time. To specify @emph{which}
1597@emph{which} of these codes to use, invoke @kbd{M-x 1523of these codes to use, invoke @kbd{M-x set-language-environment} and
1598set-language-environment} and specify a suitable language environment 1524specify a suitable language environment such as @samp{Latin-@var{n}}.
1599such as @samp{Latin-@var{n}}. 1525@xref{Disabling Multibyte, , Disabling Multibyte Characters, elisp,
1600 1526GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
1601 For more information about unibyte operation, see
1602@ref{Disabling Multibyte}.
1603 1527
1604@vindex unibyte-display-via-language-environment 1528@vindex unibyte-display-via-language-environment
1605 Emacs can also display bytes in the range 160 to 255 as readable 1529 Emacs can also display bytes in the range 160 to 255 as readable
diff --git a/doc/lispref/ChangeLog b/doc/lispref/ChangeLog
index 38262f05355..b7d9bbc08c5 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/lispref/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
12013-07-31 Xue Fuqiao <xfq.free@gmail.com>
2
3 * nonascii.texi (Non-ASCII Characters): Update menu.
4 (Disabling Multibyte): Move here from doc/emacs/mule.texi. Fix cross-references.
5
6 * elisp.texi (Top): Update menu.
7
12013-07-30 Xue Fuqiao <xfq.free@gmail.com> 82013-07-30 Xue Fuqiao <xfq.free@gmail.com>
2 9
3 * windows.texi (Window History): Mention the default value of 10 * windows.texi (Window History): Mention the default value of
diff --git a/doc/lispref/elisp.texi b/doc/lispref/elisp.texi
index 4b8cc36b4ea..230da1867dd 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/elisp.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/elisp.texi
@@ -1194,6 +1194,7 @@ Text Properties
1194Non-@acronym{ASCII} Characters 1194Non-@acronym{ASCII} Characters
1195 1195
1196* Text Representations:: How Emacs represents text. 1196* Text Representations:: How Emacs represents text.
1197* Disabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
1197* Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa. 1198* Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa.
1198* Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi. 1199* Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
1199* Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to 1200* Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to
diff --git a/doc/lispref/nonascii.texi b/doc/lispref/nonascii.texi
index b8b62325bb4..3189d8796d6 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/nonascii.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/nonascii.texi
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ how they are stored in strings and buffers.
13 13
14@menu 14@menu
15* Text Representations:: How Emacs represents text. 15* Text Representations:: How Emacs represents text.
16* Disabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
16* Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa. 17* Converting Representations:: Converting unibyte to multibyte and vice versa.
17* Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi. 18* Selecting a Representation:: Treating a byte sequence as unibyte or multi.
18* Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to 19* Character Codes:: How unibyte and multibyte relate to
@@ -140,6 +141,55 @@ This function concatenates all its argument @var{bytes} and makes the
140result a unibyte string. 141result a unibyte string.
141@end defun 142@end defun
142 143
144@node Disabling Multibyte
145@section Disabling Multibyte Characters
146@cindex disabling multibyte
147
148 By default, Emacs starts in multibyte mode: it stores the contents
149of buffers and strings using an internal encoding that represents
150non-@acronym{ASCII} characters using multi-byte sequences. Multibyte
151mode allows you to use all the supported languages and scripts without
152limitations.
153
154@cindex turn multibyte support on or off
155 Under very special circumstances, you may want to disable multibyte
156character support, for a specific buffer.
157When multibyte characters are disabled in a buffer, we call
158that @dfn{unibyte mode}. In unibyte mode, each character in the
159buffer has a character code ranging from 0 through 255 (0377 octal); 0
160through 127 (0177 octal) represent @acronym{ASCII} characters, and 128
161(0200 octal) through 255 (0377 octal) represent non-@acronym{ASCII}
162characters.
163
164 To edit a particular file in unibyte representation, visit it using
165@code{find-file-literally}. @xref{Visiting Functions}. You can
166convert a multibyte buffer to unibyte by saving it to a file, killing
167the buffer, and visiting the file again with
168@code{find-file-literally}. Alternatively, you can use @kbd{C-x
169@key{RET} c} (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) and specify
170@samp{raw-text} as the coding system with which to visit or save a
171file. @xref{Text Coding, , Specifying a Coding System for File Text,
172emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}. Unlike @code{find-file-literally}, finding
173a file as @samp{raw-text} doesn't disable format conversion,
174uncompression, or auto mode selection.
175
176@c See http://debbugs.gnu.org/11226 for lack of unibyte tooltip.
177@vindex enable-multibyte-characters
178The buffer-local variable @code{enable-multibyte-characters} is
179non-@code{nil} in multibyte buffers, and @code{nil} in unibyte ones.
180The mode line also indicates whether a buffer is multibyte or not.
181With a graphical display, in a multibyte buffer, the portion of the
182mode line that indicates the character set has a tooltip that (amongst
183other things) says that the buffer is multibyte. In a unibyte buffer,
184the character set indicator is absent. Thus, in a unibyte buffer
185(when using a graphical display) there is normally nothing before the
186indication of the visited file's end-of-line convention (colon,
187backslash, etc.), unless you are using an input method.
188
189@findex toggle-enable-multibyte-characters
190You can turn off multibyte support in a specific buffer by invoking the
191command @code{toggle-enable-multibyte-characters} in that buffer.
192
143@node Converting Representations 193@node Converting Representations
144@section Converting Text Representations 194@section Converting Text Representations
145 195