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+;;; robin.el --- yet another input method (smaller than quail)
+
+;; Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005
+;;   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
+;;   Registration Number: H15PRO 110
+
+;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@m17n.org>
+;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, input method
+
+;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+;; published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at
+;; your option) any later version.
+
+;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+;; General Public License for more details.
+
+;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+;; along with this program; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
+;; the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+;;; Comentary:
+
+;; Functionalities
+;; ---------------
+
+;; Robin is a new input method for GNU Emacs.  It has three
+;; functionalities:
+
+;; 1. It serves as a simple input method.  When the user types an ASCII
+;;    key sequence, robin converts it into a string.  This functionality
+;;    is most likely used to input non-ASCII characters.
+
+;; 2. It converts existing buffer substring into another string.
+;;    This functionality is similar to the 1. above, but the input is
+;;    buffer substring rather than key strokes.
+
+;; 3. It offers reverse conversion.  Each character produced by a
+;;    robin rule can hold the original ASCII sequence as a
+;;    char-code-property.
+
+
+;; How to define conversion rules
+;; ------------------------------
+
+;; Each conversion rule belongs to a robin package.  A robin package is
+;; identified by a string called package name.  Use robin-define-package
+;; to define a robin package.
+
+;; (robin-define-package NAME DOCTSTRING
+;;   (INPUT1 OUPUT1)
+;;   (INPUT2 OUPUT2)
+;;   ...)
+
+;; NAME is a string identifying the robin package.  It often starts with a
+;; language name and followed by a method name.  For example,
+;; french-postfix, greek-prefix, etc.
+
+;; DOCSTRING is a documentation string for the robin method.
+
+;; Each INPUTn is a string.  It represents a transliteration of the
+;; corresponding OUTPUTn.
+
+;; Each OUTPUTn is a string or a character that is to be inserted as the
+;; result of conversion.
+
+;; Neither INPUT* nor OUTPUT* are evaluated.  Do not use a variable or a
+;; function in those parts.  Instead, use a string or character literal
+;; directly.
+
+;; If multiple rules have the same input pattern but different output
+;; patterns, only the latest definition is effective.
+
+
+;; Example
+;; -------
+
+;; (robin-define-package "german-example"
+;;  "An example for German
+
+;; AE -> Ä   OE -> Ö   UE -> Ü
+;; ae -> ä   oe -> ö   ue -> ü   ss -> ß
+
+;; Repeat E or S to input itself.
+
+;; AEE -> AE   OEE -> OE   UEE -> UE
+;; aee -> ae   oee -> oe   uee -> ue   sss -> ss"
+
+;;  ("AE" ?Ä)
+;;  ("OE" ?Ö)
+;;  ("UE" ?Ü)
+;;  ("ae" ?ä)
+;;  ("oe" ?ö)
+;;  ("ue" ?ü)
+;;  ("ss" ?ß)
+
+;;  ("AEE" "AE")
+;;  ("OEE" "OE")
+;;  ("UEE" "UE")
+;;  ("aee" "ae")
+;;  ("oee" "oe")
+;;  ("uee" "ue")
+;;  ("sss" "ss")
+;; )
+
+
+;; Using robin as an input method
+;; ------------------------------
+
+;; To use a defined robin package as an input method, register it with
+;; the register-input-method function.  For example,
+
+;; (register-input-method
+;;  "german-example"
+;;  "german"
+;;  'robin-use-package
+;;  "de"
+;;  "An example for German")
+
+;; The first argument is the robin package name.
+
+;; The second argument is the language environment for which this robin
+;; package is used.
+
+;; Use the symbol `robin-use-package' as the third argument.
+
+;; The fourth argument is the prompt that appears in modeline when this
+;; input method is active.
+
+;; The fifth argument is a documentation string; it may or may not be
+;; identical to the one that you specified in robin-define-package.
+
+;; You can activate the robin input method by typing
+
+;;  C-u C-\ german-example RET
+
+;; Just like a quail package, only C-\ suffices for subsequent
+;; invocation.
+
+
+;; Using robin as a buffer translator
+;; ----------------------------------
+
+;; To transliterate buffer substring, use the following functions.
+
+;; (robin-convert-buffer &optional name)
+
+;; Convert the content of current buffer using a robin package.
+
+;; NAME, if given, is a string specifying a robin package.  If NAME is
+;; not given or nil, the value of `robin-current-package-name' is used.
+
+;; (robin-convert-region begin end &optional name)
+
+;; Convert the region using a robin package.
+
+;; NAME, if given, is a string specifying a robin package.  If NAME is
+;; not given or nil, the value of `robin-current-package-name' is used.
+
+
+;; Reverse conversion
+;; ------------------
+
+;; If the output pattern defined in a robin rule is a character, robin
+;; gives to the character a char-code-property whose key is the symbol
+;; representation of the robin package name and whose value is the input
+;; pattern of that character.  For example, with the "german-example"
+;; definition above,
+
+;; (get-char-code-property ?Ä 'german-example) => "AE"
+
+;; etc.
+
+;; If you do not want to assign a char-code-property to a character, use
+;; a string of length one as the output pattern, e.g.
+
+;; (robin-define-package "german-example2"
+;;  "Another example for German."
+
+;;  ("AE" "Ä")
+;;  ("OE" "Ö")
+;;  ...)
+
+;; Then
+
+;; (get-char-code-property ?Ä 'german-example2) => nil
+
+;; etc.
+
+;; If multiple input patterns in a robin package generate the same
+;; character, the lastly used input pattern is given as the value of the
+;; char-code-property.
+
+;; There are two functions for reverse conversion.
+
+;; (robin-invert-buffer &optional name)
+
+;; Apply reverse conversion to the content of current buffer.  NAME, if
+;; given, is a string specifying a robin package.  If NAME is not given
+;; or nil, the value of `robin-current-package-name' is used.
+
+;; (robin-invert-region begin end &optional name)
+
+;; Apply reverse conversion to the region.  NAME, if given, is a string
+;; specifying a robin package.  If NAME is not given or nil, the value of
+;; `robin-current-package-name' is used.
+
+
+;; Modifying an existing rule
+;; --------------------------
+
+;; Use the robin-modify-package function to modify a rule already defined
+;; in a Robin package.
+
+;; (robin-modify-package name input output)
+
+;; Change a rule in an already defined Robin package.
+;; NAME is the string specifying a robin package.
+;; INPUT is a string that specifies the input pattern.
+;; OUTPUT is either a character or a string to be generated.
+
+
+;; The name of the game
+;; --------------------
+
+;; As stated in Murphy's law, it took longer than expected to develop the
+;; very first version of Japanese input subsystem in NEmacs (Nihongo
+;; Emacs).  So the subsystem was named "TAMAGO", which is an acronym of
+;; "TAkusan Matasete GOmennasai" (Sorry to have kept you waiting so
+;; long).  "Tamago" as a Japanese word means "egg", so the word "egg" was
+;; also used for related filenames and function names.
+
+;; Since it was designed to input CJK characters, Egg was rather big as a
+;; subsystem.  So later in Mule (Multilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs),
+;; we designed and implemented a smaller input subsystem.  We had to give
+;; it a name.  "So, what's smaller than an egg?"  "A quail egg, of
+;; course."  Therefore it was named "quail".
+
+;; As time went by, quail became more and more complicated.  That
+;; tendency was inevitable as long as we support CJK input.  However, if
+;; we can limit ourselves to non-CJK characters, a much simpler
+;; transliteration mechanism suffices.  So I wrote "robin", whose name
+;; was chosen because a robin is smaller than a quail.  I could name it
+;; "hummingbird" or "nightingale", but those spellings seemed too long.
+
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(defvar robin-package-alist nil
+  "List of robin packages.
+A robin pacakge is of the form (NAME DOCSTRING &rest RULES).
+NAME is a string specifying a particular robin package.
+DOCSTRING is a documentation string for the robin package.
+
+RULE is of the form (KEY OUTPUT &rest rules).
+KEY is a string.
+OUTPUT is a character or a string.
+For example, if you evaluate the following,
+
+(robin-define-package \"test\" \"Uppercase input characters\"
+  (\"a\" \"A\")
+  (\"ab\" \"AB\")
+  (\"ac\" \"AC\")
+  (\"acd\" \"ACD\")
+  (\"ace\" \"ACE\")
+  (\"b\" \"B\"))
+
+this robin package will be the following.
+
+  (\"test\" \"Uppercase input characters\"
+   (?a \"A\" 
+       (?b \"AB\")
+       (?c \"AC\"
+           (?d \"ACD\")
+           (?e \"ACE\")))
+   (?b \"B\"))
+")
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defmacro robin-define-package (name docstring &rest rules)
+  "Define a robin package.
+
+NAME is the string of this robin package.
+DOCSTRING is the documentation string of this robin package.
+Each RULE is of the form (INPUT OUTPUT) where INPUT is a string and
+OUTPUT is either a character or a string.  RULES are not evaluated.
+
+If there already exists a robin package whose name is NAME, the new
+one replaces the old one."
+
+  (let ((old (assoc name robin-package-alist))
+        (new (list name ""))            ; "" as a fake output
+        input output)
+    (dolist (r rules)
+      (setq input (car r)
+            output (cadr r))
+      (robin-add-rule name new input output)
+      (cond
+       ((not (stringp input))
+        (error "Bad input sequence %S" r))
+       ((characterp output)
+        (put-char-code-property output (intern name) input))
+       ((not (stringp output))
+        (error "Bad output pattern %S" r))))
+    (setcar (cdr new) docstring)        ; replace "" above with real docstring
+    (if old
+        (setcdr old (cdr new))
+      (setq robin-package-alist
+            (cons new robin-package-alist)))
+    `(setq robin-package-alist ',robin-package-alist)))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun robin-modify-package (name input output)
+  "Change a rule in an already defined robin package.
+
+NAME is the string specifying a robin package.
+INPUT is a string that specifies the input pattern.
+OUTPUT is either a character or a string to be generated."
+
+  (let ((tree (assoc name robin-package-alist))
+        docstring)
+    (if (not tree)
+        (error "No such robin package")
+      (setq docstring (cadr tree))
+      (setcar (cdr tree) "")
+      (robin-add-rule name tree input output)
+      (setcar (cdr tree) docstring)
+      (if (characterp output)
+          (put-char-code-property output (intern name) input))))
+  output)
+
+(defun robin-add-rule (name tree input output)
+  "Add translation rule (INPUT OUTPUT) to TREE whose name is NAME.
+Internal use only."
+
+  (let* ((head (aref input 0))
+         (branch (assoc head tree))
+         (sofar (cadr tree)))
+
+    (if (= (length input) 1)
+        (if branch
+
+            ;; A definition already exists for this input.
+            (progn
+              (setcar (cdr branch) output)
+              ;; Cancel char-code-property for old definition.
+              (when (characterp output)
+                (put-char-code-property output (intern name) nil)))
+
+          ;; New definition for this input.
+          (setcdr (last tree) (list (list head output))))
+
+      (unless branch
+        (if (characterp sofar)
+            (setq sofar (char-to-string sofar)))
+        (setq branch
+              (list head
+                    (concat sofar
+                            (char-to-string head))))
+        (setcdr (last tree) (list branch)))
+
+      (robin-add-rule name branch (substring input 1) output))))
+
+;;; Interactive use
+
+(defvar robin-mode nil
+  "If non-nil, `robin-input-method' is active.")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'robin-mode)
+
+(defvar robin-current-package-name nil
+  "String representing the name of the current robin package.
+Nil means no packages is selected.")
+(make-variable-buffer-local 'robin-current-package-name)
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun robin-use-package (name)
+  "Start using robin package NAME, which is a string."
+
+  (let ((package (assoc name robin-package-alist)))
+    (unless package
+      (error "No such robin package"))
+    (setq robin-current-package-name name)
+    (robin-activate)))
+
+(defun robin-inactivate ()
+  "Inactivate robin input method."
+
+  (interactive)
+  (robin-activate -1))
+
+(defun robin-activate (&optional arg)
+  "Activate robin input method.
+
+With ARG, activate robin input method iff ARG is positive.
+
+While this input method is active, the variable
+`input-method-function' is bound to the function `robin-input-method'."
+  (if (and arg
+           (< (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0))
+
+      ;; inactivate robin input method.
+      (unwind-protect
+          (progn
+            (setq robin-mode nil)
+            (setq describe-current-input-method-function nil)
+            (run-hooks 'robin-inactivate-hook))
+        (kill-local-variable 'input-method-function))
+
+    ;; activate robin input method.
+    (setq robin-mode t
+          describe-current-input-method-function 'robin-help
+          inactivate-current-input-method-function 'robin-inactivate)
+    (if (eq (selected-window) (minibuffer-window))
+        (add-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook 'robin-exit-from-minibuffer))
+    (run-hooks 'input-method-activate-hook
+               'robin-activate-hook)
+    (set (make-local-variable 'input-method-function)
+         'robin-input-method)))
+
+(defun robin-exit-from-minibuffer ()
+  (inactivate-input-method)
+  (if (<= (minibuffer-depth) 1)
+      (remove-hook 'minibuffer-exit-hook 'robin-exit-from-minibuffer)))
+
+(defun robin-input-method (key)
+  "Interpret typed key sequence and insert into buffer."
+
+  (if (or buffer-read-only
+          overriding-terminal-local-map
+          overriding-local-map)
+      (list key)
+
+    (let ((echo-keystrokes 0)
+          (input-method-function nil)
+          (start (point))
+          (tree (cddr (assoc robin-current-package-name robin-package-alist)))
+          branch
+          output)
+
+      (while (setq branch (assq key tree))
+        (delete-region start (point))
+        (insert (setq output (cadr branch)))
+        (setq tree (cddr branch))
+        (if tree
+            (setq key (read-event))
+          (setq key nil)))
+
+      (if (null output)
+          ;; body of the `while' above was not executed
+          (list key)
+        (delete-region start (point))
+        (if key
+            (setq unread-command-events (list key)))
+        (if (stringp output)
+            (string-to-list output)
+          (list output))))))
+
+(defun robin-help ()
+  "Display the docstring of the current robin package."
+
+  (interactive)
+  (let ((buf (get-buffer-create "*Robin Help*"))
+        (doc (cadr (assoc robin-current-package-name robin-package-alist))))
+    (set-buffer buf)
+    (erase-buffer)
+    (insert doc)
+    (goto-char (point-min))
+    (display-buffer buf)))
+
+;;; Batch mode
+
+(defun robin-convert-buffer (&optional name)
+  "Convert the content of current buffer using a robin package.
+NAME, if given, is a string specifying a robin package.  If NAME
+is not given or nil, the value of `robin-current-package-name' is
+used."
+
+  (interactive "*")
+  (robin-convert-region (point-min) (point-max) name))
+
+(defun robin-convert-region (begin end &optional name)
+  "Convert the region using a robin package.
+NAME, if given, is a string specifying a robin package.  If NAME
+is not given or nil, the value of `robin-current-package-name' is
+used."
+
+  (interactive "*r")
+  (or name
+      (setq name robin-current-package-name)
+      (error "No robin package specified"))
+
+  (let ((tree (assoc name robin-package-alist)))
+    (unless tree
+      (error "No such robin package"))
+
+    (save-excursion
+      (save-restriction
+        (narrow-to-region begin end)
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (while (not (eobp))
+          (robin-convert-region-internal tree))))))
+
+(defun robin-convert-region-internal (tree)
+  "Apply a robin rule defined in TREE to the current point.
+Use the longest match method to select a rule."
+
+  (let ((begin (point))
+        end branch)
+    (while (setq branch (assq (following-char) tree))
+      (setq tree branch)
+      (forward-char 1))
+
+    (setq end (point))
+    (if (= begin end)
+        ;; no matching rule found; leave it as it is
+        (forward-char 1)
+      ;; replace the string
+      (goto-char begin)
+      (insert (cadr tree))
+      (delete-char (- end begin)))))
+
+;; for backward compatibility
+
+(fset 'robin-transliterate-region 'robin-convert-region)
+(fset 'robin-transliterate-buffer 'robin-convert-buffer)
+
+;;; Reverse conversion
+
+(defun robin-invert-buffer (&optional name)
+  "Apply reverse conversion to the content of current buffer.
+NAME, if given, is a string specifying a robin package.  If NAME
+is not given or nil, the value of `robin-current-package-name' is
+used."
+
+  (interactive "*")
+  (robin-invert-region (point-min) (point-max) name))
+
+(defun robin-invert-region (begin end &optional name)
+  "Apply reverse conversion to the region.
+NAME, if given, is a string specifying a robin package.  If NAME
+is not given or nil, the value of `robin-current-package-name' is
+used."
+
+  (interactive "*r")
+  (or name
+      (setq name robin-current-package-name)
+      (error "No robin package specified"))
+
+  (setq name (intern name))
+  (let (str)
+    (save-restriction
+      (narrow-to-region begin end)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (while (not (eobp))
+        (if (not (setq str (get-char-code-property (following-char) name)))
+            (forward-char 1)
+          (insert str)
+          (delete-char 1))))))
+
+(provide 'robin)
+
+;;; Local Variables:
+;;; coding: utf-8-emacs
+;;; End:
+
+;;; robin.el ends here