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| author | Eli Zaretskii | 2001-03-16 12:39:04 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Eli Zaretskii | 2001-03-16 12:39:04 +0000 |
| commit | 08aa7220e824f27ad25b06e4810e34d94df4fd24 (patch) | |
| tree | 43829cdfe1696d956bc1e649996c643afc1d2742 | |
| parent | abfa36c423f23532029395b2f340781ce4587e16 (diff) | |
| download | emacs-08aa7220e824f27ad25b06e4810e34d94df4fd24.tar.gz emacs-08aa7220e824f27ad25b06e4810e34d94df4fd24.zip | |
(Glossary): Updated for Emacs 21, with comments from Richard M. Stallman.
| -rw-r--r-- | man/glossary.texi | 294 |
1 files changed, 250 insertions, 44 deletions
diff --git a/man/glossary.texi b/man/glossary.texi index f389625271d..d32fad3c0fa 100644 --- a/man/glossary.texi +++ b/man/glossary.texi | |||
| @@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{Alt-} | |||
| 24 | key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User | 24 | key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User |
| 25 | Input, Alt}. | 25 | Input, Alt}. |
| 26 | 26 | ||
| 27 | @item Argument | ||
| 28 | See `numeric argument.' | ||
| 29 | |||
| 27 | @item ASCII character | 30 | @item ASCII character |
| 28 | An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII | 31 | An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII |
| 29 | printing character. @xref{User Input}. | 32 | printing character. @xref{User Input}. |
| @@ -45,6 +48,17 @@ Auto saving is the practice of saving the contents of an Emacs buffer in | |||
| 45 | a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the | 48 | a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the |
| 46 | buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}. | 49 | buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}. |
| 47 | 50 | ||
| 51 | @item Autoloading | ||
| 52 | Emacs automatically loads Lisp libraries when a Lisp program requests a | ||
| 53 | function or a variable from those libraries. This is called | ||
| 54 | `autoloading'. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | ||
| 55 | |||
| 56 | @item Backtrace | ||
| 57 | A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a | ||
| 58 | program arrived to a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and | ||
| 59 | correcting bugs (q.v.@:). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals | ||
| 60 | an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (see `quitting'). @xref{Checklist}. | ||
| 61 | |||
| 48 | @item Backup File | 62 | @item Backup File |
| 49 | A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current | 63 | A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current |
| 50 | editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you | 64 | editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you |
| @@ -57,6 +71,13 @@ balancing is done by the commands to move over balanced expressions | |||
| 57 | highlighting the parenthesis that matches one just inserted | 71 | highlighting the parenthesis that matches one just inserted |
| 58 | (@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}). | 72 | (@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}). |
| 59 | 73 | ||
| 74 | @item Balloon Help | ||
| 75 | See `tooltips.' | ||
| 76 | |||
| 77 | @item Base Buffer | ||
| 78 | A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer | ||
| 79 | (q.v.@:). | ||
| 80 | |||
| 60 | @item Bind | 81 | @item Bind |
| 61 | To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:). | 82 | To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:). |
| 62 | @xref{Rebinding}. | 83 | @xref{Rebinding}. |
| @@ -72,11 +93,16 @@ all key sequences are recorded in the keymaps (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |||
| 72 | Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several | 93 | Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several |
| 73 | commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer. | 94 | commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer. |
| 74 | 95 | ||
| 96 | @item Bookmark | ||
| 97 | Bookmarks are akin to registers (q.v.@:) in that they record positions | ||
| 98 | in buffers to which you can return later. Unlike registers, bookmark | ||
| 99 | persist between Emacs sessions. | ||
| 100 | |||
| 75 | @item Buffer | 101 | @item Buffer |
| 76 | The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text | 102 | The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text |
| 77 | being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are | 103 | being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are |
| 78 | editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible | 104 | editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible |
| 79 | when you are using multiple windows (q.v.). Most buffers are visiting | 105 | when you are using multiple windows (q.v.@:). Most buffers are visiting |
| 80 | (q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}. | 106 | (q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}. |
| 81 | 107 | ||
| 82 | @item Buffer Selection History | 108 | @item Buffer Selection History |
| @@ -84,10 +110,19 @@ Emacs keeps a buffer selection history which records how recently each | |||
| 84 | Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to | 110 | Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to |
| 85 | select. @xref{Buffers}. | 111 | select. @xref{Buffers}. |
| 86 | 112 | ||
| 113 | @item Bug | ||
| 114 | A bug is an incorrect or unreasonable behavior of a program, or | ||
| 115 | inaccurate or confusing documentation. Emacs developers treat bug | ||
| 116 | reports, both in Emacs code and its documentation, very seriously and | ||
| 117 | ask you to report any bugs you find. @xref{Bugs}. | ||
| 118 | |||
| 87 | @item Button Down Event | 119 | @item Button Down Event |
| 88 | A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when | 120 | A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when |
| 89 | you press a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | 121 | you press a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. |
| 90 | 122 | ||
| 123 | @item By Default | ||
| 124 | See `default.' | ||
| 125 | |||
| 91 | @item @kbd{C-} | 126 | @item @kbd{C-} |
| 92 | @kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. | 127 | @kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. |
| 93 | @xref{User Input,C-}. | 128 | @xref{User Input,C-}. |
| @@ -110,10 +145,20 @@ characters (though they may include other input events as well). | |||
| 110 | Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a | 145 | Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a |
| 111 | particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}. | 146 | particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}. |
| 112 | 147 | ||
| 148 | @item Character Terminal | ||
| 149 | See `text-only terminal.' | ||
| 150 | |||
| 113 | @item Click Event | 151 | @item Click Event |
| 114 | A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a | 152 | A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a |
| 115 | mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | 153 | mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. |
| 116 | 154 | ||
| 155 | @item Clipboard | ||
| 156 | A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring | ||
| 157 | text between applications. On the X Window system, the clipboard is | ||
| 158 | provided in addition to the primary selection (q.v.@:); on MS-Windows, | ||
| 159 | the clipboard is used @emph{instead} of the primary selection. | ||
| 160 | @xref{Clipboard}. | ||
| 161 | |||
| 117 | @item Coding System | 162 | @item Coding System |
| 118 | A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a | 163 | A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a |
| 119 | file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert | 164 | file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert |
| @@ -126,6 +171,9 @@ key binding in Emacs. When you type a key sequence (q.v.@:), its | |||
| 126 | binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find | 171 | binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find |
| 127 | the command to run. @xref{Commands}. | 172 | the command to run. @xref{Commands}. |
| 128 | 173 | ||
| 174 | @item Command History | ||
| 175 | See `minibuffer history.' | ||
| 176 | |||
| 129 | @item Command Name | 177 | @item Command Name |
| 130 | A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command | 178 | A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command |
| 131 | (@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using | 179 | (@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using |
| @@ -137,6 +185,11 @@ the program, and which is marked specially so that it will be ignored | |||
| 137 | when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands | 185 | when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands |
| 138 | for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. | 186 | for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. |
| 139 | 187 | ||
| 188 | @item Common Lisp | ||
| 189 | Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp (q.v.@:) much larger and more powerful | ||
| 190 | than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL | ||
| 191 | package. @xref{, Common Lisp, , cl, Common Lisp Extensions}. | ||
| 192 | |||
| 140 | @item Compilation | 193 | @item Compilation |
| 141 | Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source | 194 | Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source |
| 142 | code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code | 195 | code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code |
| @@ -166,7 +219,7 @@ When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it | |||
| 166 | takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the | 219 | takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the |
| 167 | text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the | 220 | text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the |
| 168 | first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic | 221 | first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic |
| 169 | Editing}. | 222 | Editing}. A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:). |
| 170 | 223 | ||
| 171 | @item Control Character | 224 | @item Control Character |
| 172 | A control character is a character that you type by holding down the | 225 | A control character is a character that you type by holding down the |
| @@ -191,15 +244,17 @@ commands operate. You can select any Emacs buffer as the current one. | |||
| 191 | @xref{Buffers}. | 244 | @xref{Buffers}. |
| 192 | 245 | ||
| 193 | @item Current Line | 246 | @item Current Line |
| 194 | The line point is on (@pxref{Point}). | 247 | The current line is a line point is on (@pxref{Point}). |
| 195 | 248 | ||
| 196 | @item Current Paragraph | 249 | @item Current Paragraph |
| 197 | The paragraph that point is in. If point is between paragraphs, the | 250 | The current paragraph is the paragraph that point is in. If point is |
| 198 | current paragraph is the one that follows point. @xref{Paragraphs}. | 251 | between paragraphs, the current paragraph is the one that follows point. |
| 252 | @xref{Paragraphs}. | ||
| 199 | 253 | ||
| 200 | @item Current Defun | 254 | @item Current Defun |
| 201 | The defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is between defuns, the | 255 | The current defun is a defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is |
| 202 | current defun is the one that follows point. @xref{Defuns}. | 256 | between defuns, the current defun is the one that follows point. |
| 257 | @xref{Defuns}. | ||
| 203 | 258 | ||
| 204 | @item Cursor | 259 | @item Cursor |
| 205 | The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position | 260 | The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position |
| @@ -213,15 +268,24 @@ Customization is making minor changes in the way Emacs works. It is | |||
| 213 | often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding | 268 | often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding |
| 214 | key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}). | 269 | key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}). |
| 215 | 270 | ||
| 271 | @item Cut and Paste | ||
| 272 | See `killing' and `yanking.' | ||
| 273 | |||
| 216 | @item Default Argument | 274 | @item Default Argument |
| 217 | The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you | 275 | The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you |
| 218 | do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument, | 276 | do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument, |
| 219 | the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}. | 277 | the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}. |
| 220 | @xref{Minibuffer}. | 278 | @xref{Minibuffer}. |
| 221 | 279 | ||
| 280 | @item Default | ||
| 281 | A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose if and when | ||
| 282 | you do not specify a value to use. | ||
| 283 | |||
| 222 | @item Default Directory | 284 | @item Default Directory |
| 223 | When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~}, | 285 | When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~}, |
| 224 | it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory. | 286 | it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory. |
| 287 | (On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, file names which start with a drive letter | ||
| 288 | @samp{@var{x}:} are treated as absolute, not relative.) | ||
| 225 | @xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}. | 289 | @xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}. |
| 226 | 290 | ||
| 227 | @item Defun | 291 | @item Defun |
| @@ -266,7 +330,7 @@ confirmation. The usual reason for disabling a command is that it is | |||
| 266 | confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}. | 330 | confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}. |
| 267 | 331 | ||
| 268 | @item Down Event | 332 | @item Down Event |
| 269 | Short for `button down event'. | 333 | Short for `button down event' (q.v.@:). |
| 270 | 334 | ||
| 271 | @item Drag Event | 335 | @item Drag Event |
| 272 | A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse | 336 | A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse |
| @@ -274,9 +338,9 @@ button, move the mouse, and then release the button. @xref{Mouse | |||
| 274 | Buttons}. | 338 | Buttons}. |
| 275 | 339 | ||
| 276 | @item Dribble File | 340 | @item Dribble File |
| 277 | A file into which Emacs writes all the characters that the user types | 341 | A dribble file is a file into which Emacs writes all the characters that |
| 278 | on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record for | 342 | the user types on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record |
| 279 | debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you | 343 | for debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you |
| 280 | tell it to. @xref{Bugs}. | 344 | tell it to. @xref{Bugs}. |
| 281 | 345 | ||
| 282 | @item Echo Area | 346 | @item Echo Area |
| @@ -292,11 +356,28 @@ longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing them. | |||
| 292 | 356 | ||
| 293 | @item Electric | 357 | @item Electric |
| 294 | We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting | 358 | We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting |
| 295 | (q.v.), but the current major mode (q.v.) redefines it to do something | 359 | (q.v.@:), but the current major mode (q.v.@:) redefines it to do something |
| 296 | else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define | 360 | else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define |
| 297 | particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or | 361 | particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or |
| 298 | more newlines in addition to self-insertion. | 362 | more newlines in addition to self-insertion. |
| 299 | 363 | ||
| 364 | @item End Of Line | ||
| 365 | End of line is a character or characters which signal an end of a text | ||
| 366 | line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline (.q.v.@:), but other | ||
| 367 | systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding Systems,end-of-line}. | ||
| 368 | Emacs can recognize several end-of-line conventions in files and convert | ||
| 369 | between them. | ||
| 370 | |||
| 371 | @item Environment Variable | ||
| 372 | An environment variable is one of a collection of variables stored by | ||
| 373 | the operating system, each one having a name and a value. Emacs can | ||
| 374 | access environment variables set by its parent shell, and it can set | ||
| 375 | variables in the environment it passes to programs it invokes. | ||
| 376 | @xref{Environment}. | ||
| 377 | |||
| 378 | @item EOL | ||
| 379 | See `end of line.' | ||
| 380 | |||
| 300 | @item Error | 381 | @item Error |
| 301 | An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current | 382 | An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current |
| 302 | circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops | 383 | circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops |
| @@ -318,8 +399,16 @@ typed), you press the @key{ESC} key as you would press a letter key, and | |||
| 318 | it applies to the next character you type. | 399 | it applies to the next character you type. |
| 319 | 400 | ||
| 320 | @item Expunging | 401 | @item Expunging |
| 321 | Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer is an operation that truly | 402 | Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer or a Gnus newsgroup buffer is an |
| 322 | discards the messages or files you have previously flagged for deletion. | 403 | operation that truly discards the messages or files you have previously |
| 404 | flagged for deletion. | ||
| 405 | |||
| 406 | @item Face | ||
| 407 | A face is a style of displaying characters. It specifies attributes | ||
| 408 | such as font family and size, foreground and background colors, | ||
| 409 | underline and strike-through, background stipple, etc. Emacs provides | ||
| 410 | features to associate specific faces with portions of buffer text, in | ||
| 411 | order to display that text as specified by the face attributes. | ||
| 323 | 412 | ||
| 324 | @item File Locking | 413 | @item File Locking |
| 325 | Emacs used file locking to notice when two different users | 414 | Emacs used file locking to notice when two different users |
| @@ -331,10 +420,12 @@ or absolute; the meaning of a relative file name depends on the current | |||
| 331 | directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless | 420 | directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless |
| 332 | of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute | 421 | of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute |
| 333 | file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or | 422 | file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or |
| 334 | @samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). | 423 | @samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). On MS-Windows/MS-DOS, and |
| 424 | absolute file name can also start with a drive letter and a colon | ||
| 425 | @samp{@var{d}:}. | ||
| 335 | 426 | ||
| 336 | Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not; | 427 | Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not; |
| 337 | we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.). | 428 | we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.@:). |
| 338 | 429 | ||
| 339 | @item File-Name Component | 430 | @item File-Name Component |
| 340 | A file-name component names a file directly within a particular | 431 | A file-name component names a file directly within a particular |
| @@ -342,7 +433,8 @@ directory. On GNU and Unix systems, a file name is a sequence of | |||
| 342 | file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar} | 433 | file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar} |
| 343 | is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it | 434 | is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it |
| 344 | refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in | 435 | refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in |
| 345 | the current directory. | 436 | the current directory. MS-DOS/MS-Windows file names can also use |
| 437 | backslashes to separate components, as in @file{foo\bar}. | ||
| 346 | 438 | ||
| 347 | @item Fill Prefix | 439 | @item Fill Prefix |
| 348 | The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning | 440 | The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning |
| @@ -351,18 +443,44 @@ text to be filled. @xref{Filling}. | |||
| 351 | 443 | ||
| 352 | @item Filling | 444 | @item Filling |
| 353 | Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all | 445 | Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all |
| 354 | the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. | 446 | the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. Some |
| 447 | other editors call this feature `line wrapping.' | ||
| 448 | |||
| 449 | @item Font Lock | ||
| 450 | Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text according to | ||
| 451 | its syntax. @xref{Font Lock}. | ||
| 452 | |||
| 453 | @item Fontset | ||
| 454 | A fontset is a named collection of fonts. A fontset specification lists | ||
| 455 | character sets and which font to use to display each of them. Fontsets | ||
| 456 | make it easy to change several fonts at once by specifying the name of a | ||
| 457 | fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}. | ||
| 355 | 458 | ||
| 356 | @item Formatted Text | 459 | @item Formatted Text |
| 357 | Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while | 460 | Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while |
| 358 | you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified | 461 | you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified |
| 359 | margins. @xref{Formatted Text}. | 462 | margins. @xref{Formatted Text}. |
| 360 | 463 | ||
| 464 | @item Formfeed Character | ||
| 465 | See `page.' | ||
| 466 | |||
| 361 | @item Frame | 467 | @item Frame |
| 362 | A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out | 468 | A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out |
| 363 | with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame | 469 | with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame |
| 364 | into Emacs windows (q.v.). When you are using a windowing system, all | 470 | into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a windowing system, all |
| 365 | the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. | 471 | the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. Some |
| 472 | other editors use the term ``window'' for this, but in Emacs a window | ||
| 473 | means something else. | ||
| 474 | |||
| 475 | @item Fringe | ||
| 476 | On windowed displays, there's a narrow portion of the frame (q.v.@:) | ||
| 477 | between the text area and the window's border. Emacs displays the | ||
| 478 | fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}. | ||
| 479 | @xref{Faces,fringe}. | ||
| 480 | |||
| 481 | @item FTP | ||
| 482 | FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Emacs uses an FTP client | ||
| 483 | program to provide access to remote files (q.v.@:). | ||
| 366 | 484 | ||
| 367 | @item Function Key | 485 | @item Function Key |
| 368 | A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not | 486 | A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not |
| @@ -384,10 +502,10 @@ except when overridden by local key bindings in a major mode's local | |||
| 384 | keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | 502 | keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. |
| 385 | 503 | ||
| 386 | @item Global Mark Ring | 504 | @item Global Mark Ring |
| 387 | The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently set | 505 | The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently |
| 388 | a mark in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack through buffers | 506 | set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack |
| 389 | you have been editing in, or in which you have found tags. @xref{Global | 507 | through buffers you have been editing in, or in which you have found |
| 390 | Mark Ring}. | 508 | tags (see `tags table'). @xref{Global Mark Ring}. |
| 391 | 509 | ||
| 392 | @item Global Substitution | 510 | @item Global Substitution |
| 393 | Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by | 511 | Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by |
| @@ -420,6 +538,19 @@ listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Hardcopy}. | |||
| 420 | @key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any | 538 | @key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any |
| 421 | command does. @xref{Help}. | 539 | command does. @xref{Help}. |
| 422 | 540 | ||
| 541 | @item Help Echo | ||
| 542 | Help echo is a short message printed in the echo area when the mouse | ||
| 543 | pointer is located on portions of display that require some | ||
| 544 | explanations. Emacs displays help echo for menu items, parts of the | ||
| 545 | mode line, tool-bar buttons, etc. On graphics displays, the messages | ||
| 546 | can be displayed as tooltips (q.v.@:). @xref{Tooltips}. | ||
| 547 | |||
| 548 | @item Hook | ||
| 549 | A hook is a list of functions to be called on specific occasions, such | ||
| 550 | as saving a buffer in a file, major mode activation, etc. By | ||
| 551 | customizing the various hooks, you can modify Emacs's behavior without | ||
| 552 | changing any of its code. @xref{Hooks}. | ||
| 553 | |||
| 423 | @item Hyper | 554 | @item Hyper |
| 424 | Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | 555 | Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may |
| 425 | have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the | 556 | have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the |
| @@ -433,6 +564,10 @@ Rmail transfers mail from inboxes to Rmail files (q.v.@:) in which the | |||
| 433 | mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted. | 564 | mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted. |
| 434 | @xref{Rmail Inbox}. | 565 | @xref{Rmail Inbox}. |
| 435 | 566 | ||
| 567 | @item Incremental Search | ||
| 568 | Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs searches | ||
| 569 | for the string as you type it. @xref{Incremental Search}. | ||
| 570 | |||
| 436 | @item Indentation | 571 | @item Indentation |
| 437 | Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most | 572 | Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most |
| 438 | programming languages have conventions for using indentation to | 573 | programming languages have conventions for using indentation to |
| @@ -442,7 +577,11 @@ commands to adjust indentation. | |||
| 442 | 577 | ||
| 443 | @item Indirect Buffer | 578 | @item Indirect Buffer |
| 444 | An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer, | 579 | An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer, |
| 445 | called its base buffer. @xref{Indirect Buffers}. | 580 | called its base buffer (q.v.@:). @xref{Indirect Buffers}. |
| 581 | |||
| 582 | @item Info | ||
| 583 | Info is the hypertext format used by the GNU project for writing | ||
| 584 | documentation. | ||
| 446 | 585 | ||
| 447 | @item Input Event | 586 | @item Input Event |
| 448 | An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on | 587 | An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on |
| @@ -463,6 +602,9 @@ Interlocking is a feature for warning when you start to alter a file | |||
| 463 | that someone else is already editing. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous | 602 | that someone else is already editing. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous |
| 464 | Editing}. | 603 | Editing}. |
| 465 | 604 | ||
| 605 | @item Isearch | ||
| 606 | See `incremental search.' | ||
| 607 | |||
| 466 | @item Justification | 608 | @item Justification |
| 467 | Justification means adding extra spaces to lines of text to make them | 609 | Justification means adding extra spaces to lines of text to make them |
| 468 | come exactly to a specified width. @xref{Filling,Justification}. | 610 | come exactly to a specified width. @xref{Filling,Justification}. |
| @@ -500,7 +642,7 @@ yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting.'' | |||
| 500 | Most Emacs commands to erase text do killing, as opposed to deletion | 642 | Most Emacs commands to erase text do killing, as opposed to deletion |
| 501 | (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. | 643 | (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. |
| 502 | 644 | ||
| 503 | @item Killing Jobs | 645 | @item Killing a Job |
| 504 | Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease | 646 | Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease |
| 505 | to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. | 647 | to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. |
| 506 | @xref{Exiting}. | 648 | @xref{Exiting}. |
| @@ -511,6 +653,14 @@ method (q.v.@:) and coding system (q.v.@:). @xref{Language | |||
| 511 | Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text | 653 | Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text |
| 512 | (@pxref{International}). | 654 | (@pxref{International}). |
| 513 | 655 | ||
| 656 | @item Line Wrapping | ||
| 657 | See `filling.' | ||
| 658 | |||
| 659 | @item Lisp | ||
| 660 | Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect | ||
| 661 | of Lisp, called Emacs Lisp, that is extended with special features which | ||
| 662 | make it especially suitable for text editing tasks. | ||
| 663 | |||
| 514 | @item List | 664 | @item List |
| 515 | A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open | 665 | A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open |
| 516 | parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode | 666 | parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode |
| @@ -581,7 +731,7 @@ all the text from point to the mark. Each buffer has its own mark. | |||
| 581 | @item Mark Ring | 731 | @item Mark Ring |
| 582 | The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the | 732 | The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the |
| 583 | mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its | 733 | mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its |
| 584 | own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.). | 734 | own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.@:). |
| 585 | @xref{Mark Ring}. | 735 | @xref{Mark Ring}. |
| 586 | 736 | ||
| 587 | @item Menu Bar | 737 | @item Menu Bar |
| @@ -620,10 +770,10 @@ or off independently of all other features. Each minor mode has a | |||
| 620 | command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}. | 770 | command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}. |
| 621 | 771 | ||
| 622 | @item Minor Mode Keymap | 772 | @item Minor Mode Keymap |
| 623 | A keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is active when that mode is | 773 | A minor mode keymap is a keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is |
| 624 | enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence over the buffer's local | 774 | active when that mode is enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence |
| 625 | keymap, just as the local keymap takes precedence over the global | 775 | over the buffer's local keymap, just as the local keymap takes |
| 626 | keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. | 776 | precedence over the global keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. |
| 627 | 777 | ||
| 628 | @item Mode Line | 778 | @item Mode Line |
| 629 | The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving | 779 | The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving |
| @@ -641,12 +791,12 @@ another. The usual way to move text by killing (q.v.@:) and then | |||
| 641 | yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. | 791 | yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. |
| 642 | 792 | ||
| 643 | @item MULE | 793 | @item MULE |
| 644 | MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing non-ASCII text | 794 | MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-ASCII text |
| 645 | using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. | 795 | using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. |
| 646 | 796 | ||
| 647 | @item Multibyte Character | 797 | @item Multibyte Character |
| 648 | A multibyte character is a character that takes up several buffer | 798 | A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a |
| 649 | positions. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text, | 799 | buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text, |
| 650 | since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256. | 800 | since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256. |
| 651 | @xref{International Intro}. | 801 | @xref{International Intro}. |
| 652 | 802 | ||
| @@ -666,6 +816,12 @@ all. @xref{Narrowing}. | |||
| 666 | Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are | 816 | Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are |
| 667 | therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}. | 817 | therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}. |
| 668 | 818 | ||
| 819 | @cindex nil | ||
| 820 | @cindex t | ||
| 821 | @item @code{nil} | ||
| 822 | A value usually interpreted as a logical ``false.'' Its opposite | ||
| 823 | is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true.'' | ||
| 824 | |||
| 669 | @item Numeric Argument | 825 | @item Numeric Argument |
| 670 | A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change | 826 | A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change |
| 671 | the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a | 827 | the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a |
| @@ -728,6 +884,10 @@ read an argument (@pxref{Minibuffer}); the echoing which happens when | |||
| 728 | you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also | 884 | you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also |
| 729 | a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}). | 885 | a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}). |
| 730 | 886 | ||
| 887 | @item Query-Replace | ||
| 888 | An interactive string replacement feature provided by Emacs. | ||
| 889 | @xref{Query Replace}. | ||
| 890 | |||
| 731 | @item Quitting | 891 | @item Quitting |
| 732 | Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running | 892 | Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running |
| 733 | command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}. | 893 | command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}. |
| @@ -780,13 +940,19 @@ Many commands operate on the text of the region. @xref{Mark,Region}. | |||
| 780 | 940 | ||
| 781 | @item Registers | 941 | @item Registers |
| 782 | Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or | 942 | Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or |
| 783 | rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. | 943 | rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related |
| 944 | Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.@:). | ||
| 784 | 945 | ||
| 785 | @item Regular Expression | 946 | @item Regular Expression |
| 786 | A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings; | 947 | A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings; |
| 787 | for example, @samp{l[0-9]+} matches @samp{l} followed by one or more | 948 | for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more |
| 788 | digits. @xref{Regexps}. | 949 | digits. @xref{Regexps}. |
| 789 | 950 | ||
| 951 | @item Remote File | ||
| 952 | A remote file is a file that is stored on a system other than your own. | ||
| 953 | Emacs can access files on other computers provided that they are | ||
| 954 | connected to the same network as your machine. @xref{Remote Files}. | ||
| 955 | |||
| 790 | @item Repeat Count | 956 | @item Repeat Count |
| 791 | See `numeric argument.' | 957 | See `numeric argument.' |
| 792 | 958 | ||
| @@ -796,14 +962,18 @@ See `global substitution.' | |||
| 796 | @item Restriction | 962 | @item Restriction |
| 797 | A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the | 963 | A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the |
| 798 | end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a | 964 | end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a |
| 799 | nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:). | 965 | nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:); removing |
| 800 | @xref{Narrowing}. | 966 | a restriction is called widening (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. |
| 801 | 967 | ||
| 802 | @item @key{RET} | 968 | @item @key{RET} |
| 803 | @key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a | 969 | @key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a |
| 804 | newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments | 970 | newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments |
| 805 | read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}. | 971 | read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}. |
| 806 | 972 | ||
| 973 | @item Reverting | ||
| 974 | Reverting means returning to the original state. Emacs lets you | ||
| 975 | revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk. @xref{Reverting}. | ||
| 976 | |||
| 807 | @item Rmail File | 977 | @item Rmail File |
| 808 | An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by | 978 | An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by |
| 809 | Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}. | 979 | Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}. |
| @@ -844,12 +1014,12 @@ Selecting a buffer means making it the current (q.v.@:) buffer. | |||
| 844 | @xref{Buffers,Selecting}. | 1014 | @xref{Buffers,Selecting}. |
| 845 | 1015 | ||
| 846 | @item Selection | 1016 | @item Selection |
| 847 | The X window system allows an application program to specify named | 1017 | Windowing systems allow an application program to specify |
| 848 | selections whose values are text. A program can also read the | 1018 | selections whose values are text. A program can also read the |
| 849 | selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way | 1019 | selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way |
| 850 | of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to | 1020 | of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to |
| 851 | work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:) | 1021 | work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:) |
| 852 | selection. | 1022 | selection, and also with the clipboard (q.v.@:). |
| 853 | 1023 | ||
| 854 | @item Self-Documentation | 1024 | @item Self-Documentation |
| 855 | Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any | 1025 | Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any |
| @@ -870,8 +1040,8 @@ Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences. | |||
| 870 | A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of Lisp | 1040 | A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of Lisp |
| 871 | in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Many Emacs commands | 1041 | in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Many Emacs commands |
| 872 | operate on sexps. The term `sexp' is generalized to languages other | 1042 | operate on sexps. The term `sexp' is generalized to languages other |
| 873 | than Lisp, to mean a syntactically recognizable expression. | 1043 | than Lisp, to mean a syntactically recognizable expression, such as a |
| 874 | @xref{Lists,Sexps}. | 1044 | block or a parenthesized expression in C. @xref{Lists,Sexps}. |
| 875 | 1045 | ||
| 876 | @item Simultaneous Editing | 1046 | @item Simultaneous Editing |
| 877 | Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once. | 1047 | Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once. |
| @@ -879,6 +1049,17 @@ Simultaneous editing if not detected can cause one user to lose his | |||
| 879 | work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing and warns one of | 1049 | work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing and warns one of |
| 880 | the users to investigate. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous Editing}. | 1050 | the users to investigate. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous Editing}. |
| 881 | 1051 | ||
| 1052 | @item Speedbar | ||
| 1053 | Speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs | ||
| 1054 | buffers, functions within those buffers, Info nodes, and other | ||
| 1055 | interesting parts of text within Emacs. @xref{Speedbar}. | ||
| 1056 | |||
| 1057 | @item Spell Checking | ||
| 1058 | Spell checking means checking correctness of the written form of each | ||
| 1059 | one of the words in a text. Emacs uses the Ispell spelling-checker | ||
| 1060 | program to check the spelling of parts of a buffer via a convenient user | ||
| 1061 | interface. @xref{Spelling}. | ||
| 1062 | |||
| 882 | @item String | 1063 | @item String |
| 883 | A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of | 1064 | A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of |
| 884 | characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as | 1065 | characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as |
| @@ -894,6 +1075,9 @@ allowed as well. | |||
| 894 | @item String Substitution | 1075 | @item String Substitution |
| 895 | See `global substitution'. | 1076 | See `global substitution'. |
| 896 | 1077 | ||
| 1078 | @item Syntax Highlighting | ||
| 1079 | See `font lock.' | ||
| 1080 | |||
| 897 | @item Syntax Table | 1081 | @item Syntax Table |
| 898 | The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word, | 1082 | The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word, |
| 899 | which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc. | 1083 | which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc. |
| @@ -906,6 +1090,12 @@ have. To make a character Super, type it while holding down the | |||
| 906 | @kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input, | 1090 | @kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input, |
| 907 | Super}. | 1091 | Super}. |
| 908 | 1092 | ||
| 1093 | @item Suspending | ||
| 1094 | Suspending Emacs means stopping it temporarily and returning control | ||
| 1095 | to its parent process, which is usually a shell. Unlike killing a job | ||
| 1096 | (q.v.@:), you can later resume the suspended Emacs job without losing | ||
| 1097 | your buffers, unsaved edits, undo history, etc. @xref{Exiting}. | ||
| 1098 | |||
| 909 | @item Tags Table | 1099 | @item Tags Table |
| 910 | A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function | 1100 | A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function |
| 911 | definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. | 1101 | definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. |
| @@ -929,12 +1119,23 @@ Data consisting of written human language, as opposed to programs, | |||
| 929 | or following the stylistic conventions of human language. | 1119 | or following the stylistic conventions of human language. |
| 930 | @end itemize | 1120 | @end itemize |
| 931 | 1121 | ||
| 1122 | @item Text-only Terminal | ||
| 1123 | A text-only terminal is a display that is limited to displaying text in | ||
| 1124 | character units. Such a terminal cannot control individual pixels it | ||
| 1125 | displays. Emacs supports a subset of display features on character | ||
| 1126 | terminals. | ||
| 1127 | |||
| 932 | @item Tool Bar | 1128 | @item Tool Bar |
| 933 | The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top | 1129 | The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top |
| 934 | of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command. | 1130 | of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command. |
| 935 | You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.). | 1131 | You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.@:). |
| 936 | @xref{Tool Bars}. | 1132 | @xref{Tool Bars}. |
| 937 | 1133 | ||
| 1134 | @item Tooltips | ||
| 1135 | Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text that | ||
| 1136 | explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse | ||
| 1137 | clicks, etc. @xref{Tooltips}. | ||
| 1138 | |||
| 938 | @item Top Level | 1139 | @item Top Level |
| 939 | Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the | 1140 | Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the |
| 940 | text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you | 1141 | text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you |
| @@ -954,6 +1155,9 @@ line that does not fit within the right margin of the window | |||
| 954 | displaying it. See also `continuation line.' | 1155 | displaying it. See also `continuation line.' |
| 955 | @xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}. | 1156 | @xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}. |
| 956 | 1157 | ||
| 1158 | @item TTY | ||
| 1159 | See `character terminal.' | ||
| 1160 | |||
| 957 | @item Undoing | 1161 | @item Undoing |
| 958 | Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing | 1162 | Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing |
| 959 | back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. | 1163 | back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. |
| @@ -992,7 +1196,9 @@ it is the opposite of narrowing (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. | |||
| 992 | Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which | 1196 | Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which |
| 993 | can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. | 1197 | can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. |
| 994 | @xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen. | 1198 | @xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen. |
| 995 | @xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. | 1199 | @xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. Some |
| 1200 | other editors use the term ``window'' for what we call a `frame' | ||
| 1201 | (q.v.@:) in Emacs. | ||
| 996 | 1202 | ||
| 997 | @item Word Abbrev | 1203 | @item Word Abbrev |
| 998 | See `abbrev.' | 1204 | See `abbrev.' |