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authorEli Zaretskii2001-03-16 12:39:04 +0000
committerEli Zaretskii2001-03-16 12:39:04 +0000
commit08aa7220e824f27ad25b06e4810e34d94df4fd24 (patch)
tree43829cdfe1696d956bc1e649996c643afc1d2742
parentabfa36c423f23532029395b2f340781ce4587e16 (diff)
downloademacs-08aa7220e824f27ad25b06e4810e34d94df4fd24.tar.gz
emacs-08aa7220e824f27ad25b06e4810e34d94df4fd24.zip
(Glossary): Updated for Emacs 21, with comments from Richard M. Stallman.
-rw-r--r--man/glossary.texi294
1 files changed, 250 insertions, 44 deletions
diff --git a/man/glossary.texi b/man/glossary.texi
index f389625271d..d32fad3c0fa 100644
--- a/man/glossary.texi
+++ b/man/glossary.texi
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{Alt-}
24key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User 24key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User
25Input, Alt}. 25Input, Alt}.
26 26
27@item Argument
28See `numeric argument.'
29
27@item ASCII character 30@item ASCII character
28An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII 31An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII
29printing character. @xref{User Input}. 32printing character. @xref{User Input}.
@@ -45,6 +48,17 @@ Auto saving is the practice of saving the contents of an Emacs buffer in
45a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the 48a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the
46buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}. 49buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}.
47 50
51@item Autoloading
52Emacs automatically loads Lisp libraries when a Lisp program requests a
53function or a variable from those libraries. This is called
54`autoloading'. @xref{Lisp Libraries}.
55
56@item Backtrace
57A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a
58program arrived to a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and
59correcting bugs (q.v.@:). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals
60an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (see `quitting'). @xref{Checklist}.
61
48@item Backup File 62@item Backup File
49A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current 63A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current
50editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you 64editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you
@@ -57,6 +71,13 @@ balancing is done by the commands to move over balanced expressions
57highlighting the parenthesis that matches one just inserted 71highlighting the parenthesis that matches one just inserted
58(@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}). 72(@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}).
59 73
74@item Balloon Help
75See `tooltips.'
76
77@item Base Buffer
78A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer
79(q.v.@:).
80
60@item Bind 81@item Bind
61To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:). 82To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:).
62@xref{Rebinding}. 83@xref{Rebinding}.
@@ -72,11 +93,16 @@ all key sequences are recorded in the keymaps (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}.
72Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several 93Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several
73commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer. 94commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer.
74 95
96@item Bookmark
97Bookmarks are akin to registers (q.v.@:) in that they record positions
98in buffers to which you can return later. Unlike registers, bookmark
99persist between Emacs sessions.
100
75@item Buffer 101@item Buffer
76The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text 102The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text
77being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are 103being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are
78editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible 104editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible
79when you are using multiple windows (q.v.). Most buffers are visiting 105when you are using multiple windows (q.v.@:). Most buffers are visiting
80(q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}. 106(q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}.
81 107
82@item Buffer Selection History 108@item Buffer Selection History
@@ -84,10 +110,19 @@ Emacs keeps a buffer selection history which records how recently each
84Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to 110Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to
85select. @xref{Buffers}. 111select. @xref{Buffers}.
86 112
113@item Bug
114A bug is an incorrect or unreasonable behavior of a program, or
115inaccurate or confusing documentation. Emacs developers treat bug
116reports, both in Emacs code and its documentation, very seriously and
117ask you to report any bugs you find. @xref{Bugs}.
118
87@item Button Down Event 119@item Button Down Event
88A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when 120A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when
89you press a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. 121you press a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}.
90 122
123@item By Default
124See `default.'
125
91@item @kbd{C-} 126@item @kbd{C-}
92@kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. 127@kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control.
93@xref{User Input,C-}. 128@xref{User Input,C-}.
@@ -110,10 +145,20 @@ characters (though they may include other input events as well).
110Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a 145Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a
111particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}. 146particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}.
112 147
148@item Character Terminal
149See `text-only terminal.'
150
113@item Click Event 151@item Click Event
114A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a 152A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a
115mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. 153mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}.
116 154
155@item Clipboard
156A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring
157text between applications. On the X Window system, the clipboard is
158provided in addition to the primary selection (q.v.@:); on MS-Windows,
159the clipboard is used @emph{instead} of the primary selection.
160@xref{Clipboard}.
161
117@item Coding System 162@item Coding System
118A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a 163A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a
119file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert 164file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert
@@ -126,6 +171,9 @@ key binding in Emacs. When you type a key sequence (q.v.@:), its
126binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find 171binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find
127the command to run. @xref{Commands}. 172the command to run. @xref{Commands}.
128 173
174@item Command History
175See `minibuffer history.'
176
129@item Command Name 177@item Command Name
130A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command 178A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command
131(@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using 179(@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using
@@ -137,6 +185,11 @@ the program, and which is marked specially so that it will be ignored
137when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands 185when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands
138for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. 186for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}.
139 187
188@item Common Lisp
189Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp (q.v.@:) much larger and more powerful
190than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL
191package. @xref{, Common Lisp, , cl, Common Lisp Extensions}.
192
140@item Compilation 193@item Compilation
141Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source 194Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source
142code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code 195code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code
@@ -166,7 +219,7 @@ When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it
166takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the 219takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the
167text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the 220text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the
168first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic 221first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic
169Editing}. 222Editing}. A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:).
170 223
171@item Control Character 224@item Control Character
172A control character is a character that you type by holding down the 225A control character is a character that you type by holding down the
@@ -191,15 +244,17 @@ commands operate. You can select any Emacs buffer as the current one.
191@xref{Buffers}. 244@xref{Buffers}.
192 245
193@item Current Line 246@item Current Line
194The line point is on (@pxref{Point}). 247The current line is a line point is on (@pxref{Point}).
195 248
196@item Current Paragraph 249@item Current Paragraph
197The paragraph that point is in. If point is between paragraphs, the 250The current paragraph is the paragraph that point is in. If point is
198current paragraph is the one that follows point. @xref{Paragraphs}. 251between paragraphs, the current paragraph is the one that follows point.
252@xref{Paragraphs}.
199 253
200@item Current Defun 254@item Current Defun
201The defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is between defuns, the 255The current defun is a defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is
202current defun is the one that follows point. @xref{Defuns}. 256between defuns, the current defun is the one that follows point.
257@xref{Defuns}.
203 258
204@item Cursor 259@item Cursor
205The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position 260The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position
@@ -213,15 +268,24 @@ Customization is making minor changes in the way Emacs works. It is
213often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding 268often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding
214key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}). 269key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}).
215 270
271@item Cut and Paste
272See `killing' and `yanking.'
273
216@item Default Argument 274@item Default Argument
217The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you 275The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you
218do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument, 276do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument,
219the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}. 277the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}.
220@xref{Minibuffer}. 278@xref{Minibuffer}.
221 279
280@item Default
281A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose if and when
282you do not specify a value to use.
283
222@item Default Directory 284@item Default Directory
223When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~}, 285When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~},
224it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory. 286it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory.
287(On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, file names which start with a drive letter
288@samp{@var{x}:} are treated as absolute, not relative.)
225@xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}. 289@xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}.
226 290
227@item Defun 291@item Defun
@@ -266,7 +330,7 @@ confirmation. The usual reason for disabling a command is that it is
266confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}. 330confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}.
267 331
268@item Down Event 332@item Down Event
269Short for `button down event'. 333Short for `button down event' (q.v.@:).
270 334
271@item Drag Event 335@item Drag Event
272A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse 336A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse
@@ -274,9 +338,9 @@ button, move the mouse, and then release the button. @xref{Mouse
274Buttons}. 338Buttons}.
275 339
276@item Dribble File 340@item Dribble File
277A file into which Emacs writes all the characters that the user types 341A dribble file is a file into which Emacs writes all the characters that
278on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record for 342the user types on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record
279debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you 343for debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you
280tell it to. @xref{Bugs}. 344tell it to. @xref{Bugs}.
281 345
282@item Echo Area 346@item Echo Area
@@ -292,11 +356,28 @@ longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing them.
292 356
293@item Electric 357@item Electric
294We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting 358We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting
295(q.v.), but the current major mode (q.v.) redefines it to do something 359(q.v.@:), but the current major mode (q.v.@:) redefines it to do something
296else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define 360else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define
297particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or 361particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or
298more newlines in addition to self-insertion. 362more newlines in addition to self-insertion.
299 363
364@item End Of Line
365End of line is a character or characters which signal an end of a text
366line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline (.q.v.@:), but other
367systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding Systems,end-of-line}.
368Emacs can recognize several end-of-line conventions in files and convert
369between them.
370
371@item Environment Variable
372An environment variable is one of a collection of variables stored by
373the operating system, each one having a name and a value. Emacs can
374access environment variables set by its parent shell, and it can set
375variables in the environment it passes to programs it invokes.
376@xref{Environment}.
377
378@item EOL
379See `end of line.'
380
300@item Error 381@item Error
301An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current 382An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current
302circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops 383circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops
@@ -318,8 +399,16 @@ typed), you press the @key{ESC} key as you would press a letter key, and
318it applies to the next character you type. 399it applies to the next character you type.
319 400
320@item Expunging 401@item Expunging
321Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer is an operation that truly 402Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer or a Gnus newsgroup buffer is an
322discards the messages or files you have previously flagged for deletion. 403operation that truly discards the messages or files you have previously
404flagged for deletion.
405
406@item Face
407A face is a style of displaying characters. It specifies attributes
408such as font family and size, foreground and background colors,
409underline and strike-through, background stipple, etc. Emacs provides
410features to associate specific faces with portions of buffer text, in
411order to display that text as specified by the face attributes.
323 412
324@item File Locking 413@item File Locking
325Emacs used file locking to notice when two different users 414Emacs used file locking to notice when two different users
@@ -331,10 +420,12 @@ or absolute; the meaning of a relative file name depends on the current
331directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless 420directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless
332of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute 421of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute
333file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or 422file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or
334@samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). 423@samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). On MS-Windows/MS-DOS, and
424absolute file name can also start with a drive letter and a colon
425@samp{@var{d}:}.
335 426
336Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not; 427Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not;
337we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.). 428we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.@:).
338 429
339@item File-Name Component 430@item File-Name Component
340A file-name component names a file directly within a particular 431A file-name component names a file directly within a particular
@@ -342,7 +433,8 @@ directory. On GNU and Unix systems, a file name is a sequence of
342file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar} 433file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar}
343is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it 434is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it
344refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in 435refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in
345the current directory. 436the current directory. MS-DOS/MS-Windows file names can also use
437backslashes to separate components, as in @file{foo\bar}.
346 438
347@item Fill Prefix 439@item Fill Prefix
348The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning 440The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning
@@ -351,18 +443,44 @@ text to be filled. @xref{Filling}.
351 443
352@item Filling 444@item Filling
353Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all 445Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all
354the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. 446the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. Some
447other editors call this feature `line wrapping.'
448
449@item Font Lock
450Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text according to
451its syntax. @xref{Font Lock}.
452
453@item Fontset
454A fontset is a named collection of fonts. A fontset specification lists
455character sets and which font to use to display each of them. Fontsets
456make it easy to change several fonts at once by specifying the name of a
457fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}.
355 458
356@item Formatted Text 459@item Formatted Text
357Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while 460Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while
358you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified 461you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified
359margins. @xref{Formatted Text}. 462margins. @xref{Formatted Text}.
360 463
464@item Formfeed Character
465See `page.'
466
361@item Frame 467@item Frame
362A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out 468A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out
363with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame 469with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame
364into Emacs windows (q.v.). When you are using a windowing system, all 470into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a windowing system, all
365the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. 471the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. Some
472other editors use the term ``window'' for this, but in Emacs a window
473means something else.
474
475@item Fringe
476On windowed displays, there's a narrow portion of the frame (q.v.@:)
477between the text area and the window's border. Emacs displays the
478fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}.
479@xref{Faces,fringe}.
480
481@item FTP
482FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Emacs uses an FTP client
483program to provide access to remote files (q.v.@:).
366 484
367@item Function Key 485@item Function Key
368A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not 486A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not
@@ -384,10 +502,10 @@ except when overridden by local key bindings in a major mode's local
384keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. 502keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}.
385 503
386@item Global Mark Ring 504@item Global Mark Ring
387The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently set 505The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently
388a mark in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack through buffers 506set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack
389you have been editing in, or in which you have found tags. @xref{Global 507through buffers you have been editing in, or in which you have found
390Mark Ring}. 508tags (see `tags table'). @xref{Global Mark Ring}.
391 509
392@item Global Substitution 510@item Global Substitution
393Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by 511Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by
@@ -420,6 +538,19 @@ listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Hardcopy}.
420@key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any 538@key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any
421command does. @xref{Help}. 539command does. @xref{Help}.
422 540
541@item Help Echo
542Help echo is a short message printed in the echo area when the mouse
543pointer is located on portions of display that require some
544explanations. Emacs displays help echo for menu items, parts of the
545mode line, tool-bar buttons, etc. On graphics displays, the messages
546can be displayed as tooltips (q.v.@:). @xref{Tooltips}.
547
548@item Hook
549A hook is a list of functions to be called on specific occasions, such
550as saving a buffer in a file, major mode activation, etc. By
551customizing the various hooks, you can modify Emacs's behavior without
552changing any of its code. @xref{Hooks}.
553
423@item Hyper 554@item Hyper
424Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may 555Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may
425have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the 556have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the
@@ -433,6 +564,10 @@ Rmail transfers mail from inboxes to Rmail files (q.v.@:) in which the
433mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted. 564mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted.
434@xref{Rmail Inbox}. 565@xref{Rmail Inbox}.
435 566
567@item Incremental Search
568Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs searches
569for the string as you type it. @xref{Incremental Search}.
570
436@item Indentation 571@item Indentation
437Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most 572Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most
438programming languages have conventions for using indentation to 573programming languages have conventions for using indentation to
@@ -442,7 +577,11 @@ commands to adjust indentation.
442 577
443@item Indirect Buffer 578@item Indirect Buffer
444An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer, 579An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer,
445called its base buffer. @xref{Indirect Buffers}. 580called its base buffer (q.v.@:). @xref{Indirect Buffers}.
581
582@item Info
583Info is the hypertext format used by the GNU project for writing
584documentation.
446 585
447@item Input Event 586@item Input Event
448An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on 587An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on
@@ -463,6 +602,9 @@ Interlocking is a feature for warning when you start to alter a file
463that someone else is already editing. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous 602that someone else is already editing. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous
464Editing}. 603Editing}.
465 604
605@item Isearch
606See `incremental search.'
607
466@item Justification 608@item Justification
467Justification means adding extra spaces to lines of text to make them 609Justification means adding extra spaces to lines of text to make them
468come exactly to a specified width. @xref{Filling,Justification}. 610come exactly to a specified width. @xref{Filling,Justification}.
@@ -500,7 +642,7 @@ yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting.''
500Most Emacs commands to erase text do killing, as opposed to deletion 642Most Emacs commands to erase text do killing, as opposed to deletion
501(q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. 643(q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}.
502 644
503@item Killing Jobs 645@item Killing a Job
504Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease 646Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease
505to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. 647to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost.
506@xref{Exiting}. 648@xref{Exiting}.
@@ -511,6 +653,14 @@ method (q.v.@:) and coding system (q.v.@:). @xref{Language
511Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text 653Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text
512(@pxref{International}). 654(@pxref{International}).
513 655
656@item Line Wrapping
657See `filling.'
658
659@item Lisp
660Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect
661of Lisp, called Emacs Lisp, that is extended with special features which
662make it especially suitable for text editing tasks.
663
514@item List 664@item List
515A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open 665A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open
516parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode 666parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode
@@ -581,7 +731,7 @@ all the text from point to the mark. Each buffer has its own mark.
581@item Mark Ring 731@item Mark Ring
582The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the 732The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the
583mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its 733mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its
584own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.). 734own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.@:).
585@xref{Mark Ring}. 735@xref{Mark Ring}.
586 736
587@item Menu Bar 737@item Menu Bar
@@ -620,10 +770,10 @@ or off independently of all other features. Each minor mode has a
620command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}. 770command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}.
621 771
622@item Minor Mode Keymap 772@item Minor Mode Keymap
623A keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is active when that mode is 773A minor mode keymap is a keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is
624enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence over the buffer's local 774active when that mode is enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence
625keymap, just as the local keymap takes precedence over the global 775over the buffer's local keymap, just as the local keymap takes
626keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. 776precedence over the global keymap. @xref{Keymaps}.
627 777
628@item Mode Line 778@item Mode Line
629The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving 779The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving
@@ -641,12 +791,12 @@ another. The usual way to move text by killing (q.v.@:) and then
641yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. 791yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}.
642 792
643@item MULE 793@item MULE
644MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing non-ASCII text 794MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-ASCII text
645using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. 795using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}.
646 796
647@item Multibyte Character 797@item Multibyte Character
648A multibyte character is a character that takes up several buffer 798A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a
649positions. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text, 799buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text,
650since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256. 800since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256.
651@xref{International Intro}. 801@xref{International Intro}.
652 802
@@ -666,6 +816,12 @@ all. @xref{Narrowing}.
666Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are 816Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are
667therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}. 817therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}.
668 818
819@cindex nil
820@cindex t
821@item @code{nil}
822A value usually interpreted as a logical ``false.'' Its opposite
823is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true.''
824
669@item Numeric Argument 825@item Numeric Argument
670A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change 826A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change
671the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a 827the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a
@@ -728,6 +884,10 @@ read an argument (@pxref{Minibuffer}); the echoing which happens when
728you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also 884you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also
729a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}). 885a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}).
730 886
887@item Query-Replace
888An interactive string replacement feature provided by Emacs.
889@xref{Query Replace}.
890
731@item Quitting 891@item Quitting
732Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running 892Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running
733command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}. 893command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}.
@@ -780,13 +940,19 @@ Many commands operate on the text of the region. @xref{Mark,Region}.
780 940
781@item Registers 941@item Registers
782Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or 942Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or
783rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. 943rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related
944Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.@:).
784 945
785@item Regular Expression 946@item Regular Expression
786A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings; 947A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings;
787for example, @samp{l[0-9]+} matches @samp{l} followed by one or more 948for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more
788digits. @xref{Regexps}. 949digits. @xref{Regexps}.
789 950
951@item Remote File
952A remote file is a file that is stored on a system other than your own.
953Emacs can access files on other computers provided that they are
954connected to the same network as your machine. @xref{Remote Files}.
955
790@item Repeat Count 956@item Repeat Count
791See `numeric argument.' 957See `numeric argument.'
792 958
@@ -796,14 +962,18 @@ See `global substitution.'
796@item Restriction 962@item Restriction
797A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the 963A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the
798end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a 964end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a
799nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:). 965nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:); removing
800@xref{Narrowing}. 966a restriction is called widening (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}.
801 967
802@item @key{RET} 968@item @key{RET}
803@key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a 969@key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a
804newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments 970newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments
805read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}. 971read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}.
806 972
973@item Reverting
974Reverting means returning to the original state. Emacs lets you
975revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk. @xref{Reverting}.
976
807@item Rmail File 977@item Rmail File
808An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by 978An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by
809Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}. 979Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}.
@@ -844,12 +1014,12 @@ Selecting a buffer means making it the current (q.v.@:) buffer.
844@xref{Buffers,Selecting}. 1014@xref{Buffers,Selecting}.
845 1015
846@item Selection 1016@item Selection
847The X window system allows an application program to specify named 1017Windowing systems allow an application program to specify
848selections whose values are text. A program can also read the 1018selections whose values are text. A program can also read the
849selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way 1019selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way
850of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to 1020of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to
851work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:) 1021work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:)
852selection. 1022selection, and also with the clipboard (q.v.@:).
853 1023
854@item Self-Documentation 1024@item Self-Documentation
855Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any 1025Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any
@@ -870,8 +1040,8 @@ Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences.
870A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of Lisp 1040A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of Lisp
871in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Many Emacs commands 1041in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Many Emacs commands
872operate on sexps. The term `sexp' is generalized to languages other 1042operate on sexps. The term `sexp' is generalized to languages other
873than Lisp, to mean a syntactically recognizable expression. 1043than Lisp, to mean a syntactically recognizable expression, such as a
874@xref{Lists,Sexps}. 1044block or a parenthesized expression in C. @xref{Lists,Sexps}.
875 1045
876@item Simultaneous Editing 1046@item Simultaneous Editing
877Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once. 1047Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once.
@@ -879,6 +1049,17 @@ Simultaneous editing if not detected can cause one user to lose his
879work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing and warns one of 1049work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing and warns one of
880the users to investigate. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous Editing}. 1050the users to investigate. @xref{Interlocking,,Simultaneous Editing}.
881 1051
1052@item Speedbar
1053Speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs
1054buffers, functions within those buffers, Info nodes, and other
1055interesting parts of text within Emacs. @xref{Speedbar}.
1056
1057@item Spell Checking
1058Spell checking means checking correctness of the written form of each
1059one of the words in a text. Emacs uses the Ispell spelling-checker
1060program to check the spelling of parts of a buffer via a convenient user
1061interface. @xref{Spelling}.
1062
882@item String 1063@item String
883A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of 1064A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of
884characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as 1065characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as
@@ -894,6 +1075,9 @@ allowed as well.
894@item String Substitution 1075@item String Substitution
895See `global substitution'. 1076See `global substitution'.
896 1077
1078@item Syntax Highlighting
1079See `font lock.'
1080
897@item Syntax Table 1081@item Syntax Table
898The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word, 1082The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word,
899which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc. 1083which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc.
@@ -906,6 +1090,12 @@ have. To make a character Super, type it while holding down the
906@kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input, 1090@kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input,
907Super}. 1091Super}.
908 1092
1093@item Suspending
1094Suspending Emacs means stopping it temporarily and returning control
1095to its parent process, which is usually a shell. Unlike killing a job
1096(q.v.@:), you can later resume the suspended Emacs job without losing
1097your buffers, unsaved edits, undo history, etc. @xref{Exiting}.
1098
909@item Tags Table 1099@item Tags Table
910A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function 1100A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function
911definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. 1101definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}.
@@ -929,12 +1119,23 @@ Data consisting of written human language, as opposed to programs,
929or following the stylistic conventions of human language. 1119or following the stylistic conventions of human language.
930@end itemize 1120@end itemize
931 1121
1122@item Text-only Terminal
1123A text-only terminal is a display that is limited to displaying text in
1124character units. Such a terminal cannot control individual pixels it
1125displays. Emacs supports a subset of display features on character
1126terminals.
1127
932@item Tool Bar 1128@item Tool Bar
933The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top 1129The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top
934of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command. 1130of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command.
935You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.). 1131You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.@:).
936@xref{Tool Bars}. 1132@xref{Tool Bars}.
937 1133
1134@item Tooltips
1135Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text that
1136explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse
1137clicks, etc. @xref{Tooltips}.
1138
938@item Top Level 1139@item Top Level
939Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the 1140Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the
940text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you 1141text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you
@@ -954,6 +1155,9 @@ line that does not fit within the right margin of the window
954displaying it. See also `continuation line.' 1155displaying it. See also `continuation line.'
955@xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}. 1156@xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}.
956 1157
1158@item TTY
1159See `character terminal.'
1160
957@item Undoing 1161@item Undoing
958Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing 1162Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing
959back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. 1163back the text that existed earlier in the editing session.
@@ -992,7 +1196,9 @@ it is the opposite of narrowing (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}.
992Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which 1196Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which
993can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. 1197can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time.
994@xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen. 1198@xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen.
995@xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. 1199@xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. Some
1200other editors use the term ``window'' for what we call a `frame'
1201(q.v.@:) in Emacs.
996 1202
997@item Word Abbrev 1203@item Word Abbrev
998See `abbrev.' 1204See `abbrev.'