; Fix some typos and doc issues (bug#40695)

27 files changed, 79 insertions, 83 deletions

diff --git a/ChangeLog.3 b/ChangeLog.3
index c5bc7b3120d..7f6000fc556 100644
--- a/ChangeLog.3
+++ b/ChangeLog.3
@@ -11660,7 +11660,7 @@
         Mention the Emacs exit code in batch mode
 
         * doc/lispref/os.texi (Batch Mode): Mention what the exit code is
-        if an error is signalled (bug#31552).
+        if an error is signaled (bug#31552).
 
 2019-10-12  Kaushal Modi  <kaushal.modi@gmail.com>
 
@@ -15059,7 +15059,7 @@
 
         * lisp/image/exif.el (exif-parse-buffer): New function.
         (exif-orientation): Ditto.
-        (exif-error): New error symbol, and adjust all error signalling to
+        (exif-error): New error symbol, and adjust all error signaling to
         only use that signal.
 
 2019-09-22  Andreas Schwab  <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
@@ -25100,7 +25100,7 @@
 
         * lisp/json.el (json-read): Try to clarify what's returned (bug#34242).
         (json-encode): Refer to `json-read' about what the input is and
-        say what error is signalled.
+        say what error is signaled.
 
 2019-07-09  Lars Ingebrigtsen  <larsi@gnus.org>
 
@@ -26971,7 +26971,7 @@
         help-C-file-name shouldn't error out if we can't find the name
 
         * lisp/help-fns.el (help-C-file-name): Make help-C-file-name
-        return nil instead of signalling an error if we can't find the
+        return nil instead of signaling an error if we can't find the
         file name (bug#17250).
 
 2019-06-26  Stefan Monnier  <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
@@ -34107,7 +34107,7 @@
         Remove unused internal function completion-pcm--optimize-pattern
 
         * lisp/minibuffer.el (completion-pcm--optimize-pattern): Remove
-        unused internal function (that signalled a compilation warning).
+        unused internal function (that signaled a compilation warning).
 
 2019-05-16  Stefan Monnier  <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
 
@@ -40134,10 +40134,10 @@
 
 2019-03-30  Mattias Engdegård  <mattiase@acm.org>
 
-        Release regexp before signalling overflow error
+        Release regexp before signaling overflow error
 
         * src/search.c (looking_at_1, search_buffer_re): Unfreeze the regexp
-        buffer before signalling a matcher overflow, since the error
+        buffer before signaling a matcher overflow, since the error
         processing may require quite some regexp use as well (Bug#34910).
 
 2019-03-30  Mattias Engdegård  <mattiase@acm.org>
@@ -88604,7 +88604,7 @@
         Tweak Fdocumentation's error for an undefined function
 
         * src/doc.c (Fdocumentation): Restore the pre-25 behavior
-        of signalling a void-function error for an undefined function.
+        of signaling a void-function error for an undefined function.
         This seems cleaner than Emacs 25's "invalid-function: nil" error,
         which was (probably) an unintended consequence of changes to
         Findirect_function.
diff --git a/admin/notes/bug-triage b/admin/notes/bug-triage
index 2974eee1792..87fb471c708 100644
--- a/admin/notes/bug-triage
+++ b/admin/notes/bug-triage
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ the ones that are not reproducible on the current release.
 * New bug triage process
 
 The goal of the new bug triage process is similar to the backlog triage process,
-except that the focus is on prioritizing the bug, and making sure it is has
+except that the focus is on prioritizing the bug, and making sure it has
 necessary information for others to act on.
 
 For each new bug, ask the following questions:
diff --git a/doc/emacs/fixit.texi b/doc/emacs/fixit.texi
index 3665faf3a8f..dc643e19a4b 100644
--- a/doc/emacs/fixit.texi
+++ b/doc/emacs/fixit.texi
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ sentences and paragraphs, respectively.  These commands work like
   A numeric argument to a transpose command serves as a repeat count: it
 tells the transpose command to move the character (or word or
 expression or line) before or containing point across several other
-characters (or words or expressions or lines).  For example, @kbd{C-u
-3 C-t} moves the character before point forward across three other
+characters (or words or expressions or lines).  For example, @w{@kbd{C-u
+3 C-t}} moves the character before point forward across three other
 characters.  It would change @samp{f@point{}oobar} into
 @samp{oobf@point{}ar}.  This is equivalent to repeating @kbd{C-t}
 three times.  @kbd{C-u - 4 M-t} moves the word before point backward
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ region; @pxref{Disabled Transient Mark}.)
 @cindex spell-checking the active region
   Similarly, the command @kbd{M-x ispell} performs spell-checking in
 the region if one is active, or in the entire buffer otherwise.  The
-commands @kbd{M-x ispell-buffer} and @kbd{M-x ispell-region}
+commands @w{@kbd{M-x ispell-buffer}} and @w{@kbd{M-x ispell-region}}
 explicitly perform spell-checking on the entire buffer or the region
 respectively.  To check spelling in an email message you are writing,
-use @kbd{M-x ispell-message}; that command checks the whole buffer,
+use @w{@kbd{M-x ispell-message}}; that command checks the whole buffer,
 except for material that is indented or appears to be cited from other
 messages.  @xref{Sending Mail}.
 
@@ -365,8 +365,8 @@ wildcard.
 @item C-g
 @itemx X
 Quit interactive spell-checking, leaving point at the word that was
-being checked.  You can restart checking again afterward with @kbd{C-u
-M-$}.
+being checked.  You can restart checking again afterward with @w{@kbd{C-u
+M-$}}.
 
 @item x
 Quit interactive spell-checking and move point back to where it was
@@ -384,8 +384,8 @@ Show the list of options.
 (@code{ispell-complete-word}) performs in-buffer completion based on
 spelling correction.  Insert the beginning of a word, and then type
 @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}; this shows a list of completions.  (If your
-window manager intercepts @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}, type @kbd{@key{ESC}
-@key{TAB}} or @kbd{C-M-i}.)  Each completion is listed with a digit or
+window manager intercepts @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}, type @w{@kbd{@key{ESC}
+@key{TAB}}} or @kbd{C-M-i}.)  Each completion is listed with a digit or
 character; type that digit or character to choose it.
 
 @cindex @code{ispell} program
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ character; type that digit or character to choose it.
   Once started, the spell-checker subprocess continues
 to run, waiting for something to do, so that subsequent spell-checking
 commands complete more quickly.  If you want to get rid of the
-process, use @kbd{M-x ispell-kill-ispell}.  This is not usually
+process, use @w{@kbd{M-x ispell-kill-ispell}}.  This is not usually
 necessary, since the process uses no processor time except when you do
 spelling correction.
 
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ the standard dictionary and your personal dictionary.  The standard
 dictionary is specified by the variable @code{ispell-local-dictionary}
 or, if that is @code{nil}, by the variable @code{ispell-dictionary}.
 If both are @code{nil}, the spelling program's default dictionary is
-used.  The command @kbd{M-x ispell-change-dictionary} sets the
+used.  The command @w{@kbd{M-x ispell-change-dictionary}} sets the
 standard dictionary for the buffer and then restarts the subprocess,
 so that it will use a different standard dictionary.  Your personal
 dictionary is specified by the variable
@@ -428,8 +428,8 @@ dictionary.
 @findex flyspell-mode
   Flyspell mode is a minor mode that performs automatic spell-checking
 of the text you type as you type it.  When it finds a word that it
-does not recognize, it highlights that word.  Type @kbd{M-x
-flyspell-mode} to toggle Flyspell mode in the current buffer.  To
+does not recognize, it highlights that word.  Type @w{@kbd{M-x
+flyspell-mode}} to toggle Flyspell mode in the current buffer.  To
 enable Flyspell mode in all text mode buffers, add
 @code{flyspell-mode} to @code{text-mode-hook}.  @xref{Hooks}.  Note
 that, as Flyspell mode needs to check each word across which you move,
@@ -445,14 +445,14 @@ it with @kbd{mouse-2} (@code{flyspell-correct-word}) to display a menu
 of possible corrections and actions.  In addition, @kbd{C-.} or
 @kbd{@key{ESC}-@key{TAB}} (@code{flyspell-auto-correct-word}) will
 propose various successive corrections for the word at point, and
-@kbd{C-c $} (@code{flyspell-correct-word-before-point}) will pop up a
+@w{@kbd{C-c $}} (@code{flyspell-correct-word-before-point}) will pop up a
 menu of possible corrections.  Of course, you can always correct the
 misspelled word by editing it manually in any way you like.
 
 @findex flyspell-prog-mode
   Flyspell Prog mode works just like ordinary Flyspell mode, except
 that it only checks words in comments and string constants.  This
-feature is useful for editing programs.  Type @kbd{M-x
-flyspell-prog-mode} to enable or disable this mode in the current
+feature is useful for editing programs.  Type @w{@kbd{M-x
+flyspell-prog-mode}} to enable or disable this mode in the current
 buffer.  To enable this mode in all programming mode buffers, add
 @code{flyspell-prog-mode} to @code{prog-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}).
diff --git a/doc/lispref/display.texi b/doc/lispref/display.texi
index 2b25d6023cd..85e42d331d3 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/display.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/display.texi
@@ -6929,7 +6929,7 @@ end of the buffer continues from the other end.  If
 is displayed.  Any button with a non-@code{nil} @code{skip} property
 is skipped over.  Returns the button found, and signals an error if no
 buttons can be found.  If @var{no-error} in non-@code{nil}, return nil
-instead of signalling the error.
+instead of signaling the error.
 @end deffn
 
 @deffn Command backward-button n &optional wrap display-message
@@ -6941,7 +6941,7 @@ end of the buffer continues from the other end.  If
 is displayed.  Any button with a non-@code{nil} @code{skip} property
 is skipped over.  Returns the button found, and signals an error if no
 buttons can be found.  If @var{no-error} in non-@code{nil}, return nil
-instead of signalling the error.
+instead of signaling the error.
 @end deffn
 
 @defun next-button pos &optional count-current
diff --git a/doc/lispref/functions.texi b/doc/lispref/functions.texi
index 5cf67ba6473..f31bacaed74 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/functions.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/functions.texi
@@ -2287,7 +2287,7 @@ function) as a generalized variable.  @var{setter} can be a symbol in which
 case it will be passed to @code{gv-define-simple-setter}, or it can be of the
 form @code{(lambda (@var{arg}) @var{body})} in which case that function will
 additionally have access to the macro (or function)'s arguments and it will
-passed to @code{gv-define-setter}.
+be passed to @code{gv-define-setter}.
 
 @end table
 
diff --git a/doc/lispref/os.texi b/doc/lispref/os.texi
index 92aaf24b851..92684c8993e 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/os.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/os.texi
@@ -2616,7 +2616,7 @@ if it is non-@code{nil}; this can be overridden by binding
 This variable is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is running in batch mode.
 @end defvar
 
-If Emacs exits due to signalling an error in batch mode, the exit
+If Emacs exits due to signaling an error in batch mode, the exit
 status of the Emacs command is non-zero:
 
 @example
diff --git a/doc/lispref/text.texi b/doc/lispref/text.texi
index ffdf952b081..fe3d48b3ff5 100644
--- a/doc/lispref/text.texi
+++ b/doc/lispref/text.texi
@@ -4679,7 +4679,7 @@ expanded when the header line is computed.  To do this, the
 above.  @var{specification} is an alist that has elements where the
 @code{car} is a character and the @code{cdr} is the substitution.
 
-If @code{ONLY-PRESENT} is @code{nil}, errors will be signalled if a
+If @code{ONLY-PRESENT} is @code{nil}, errors will be signaled if a
 format character has been used that's not present in
 @var{specification}.  If it's non-@code{nil}, that format
 specification is left verbatim in the result.
@@ -5725,7 +5725,7 @@ made within the @code{combine-after-change-calls} body.
 @code{after-change-functions} within
 the body of a @code{combine-after-change-calls} form.
 
-@strong{Warning:} if the changes you combine occur in widely scattered
+@strong{Warning:} If the changes you combine occur in widely scattered
 parts of the buffer, this will still work, but it is not advisable,
 because it may lead to inefficient behavior for some change hook
 functions.
diff --git a/lib/ieee754.in.h b/lib/ieee754.in.h
index d64bb46e9de..01ca648905f 100644
--- a/lib/ieee754.in.h
+++ b/lib/ieee754.in.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ union ieee754_float
 #endif                          /* Little endian.  */
       } ieee;
 
-    /* This format makes it easier to see if a NaN is a signalling NaN.  */
+    /* This format makes it easier to see if a NaN is a signaling NaN.  */
     struct
       {
 #if     __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ union ieee754_double
 #endif                          /* Little endian.  */
       } ieee;
 
-    /* This format makes it easier to see if a NaN is a signalling NaN.  */
+    /* This format makes it easier to see if a NaN is a signaling NaN.  */
     struct
       {
 #if     __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el
index 73bbc2fe182..688f8cfa4db 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/bytecomp.el
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ Each element is (INDEX . VALUE)")
 (byte-defop 112  1 byte-current-buffer)
 (byte-defop 113  0 byte-set-buffer)
 (byte-defop 114  0 byte-save-current-buffer
-  "To make a binding to record the current buffer")
+  "to make a binding to record the current buffer")
 (byte-defop 115  0 byte-set-mark-OBSOLETE)
 (byte-defop 116  1 byte-interactive-p-OBSOLETE)
 
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el
index fa5d1cff417..797493743c0 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el
@@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ buffer, otherwise stop after the first error."
     (checkdoc-ispell-init)
     (unless checkdoc-spellcheck-documentation-flag
       ;; this happens when (checkdoc-ispell-init) can't start `ispell-program-name'
-      (user-error "No spellchecker installed: check the variable `ispell-program-name'."))
+      (user-error "No spellchecker installed: check the variable `ispell-program-name'"))
     (save-excursion
       (skip-chars-forward "^a-zA-Z")
       (let (word sym case-fold-search err word-beginning word-end)
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el
index 9edd85e36bf..d56f4151df7 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/cl-macs.el
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ The result of the body appears to the compiler as a quoted constant."
   "Eval EXPR and choose among clauses on that value.
 Each clause looks like (KEYLIST BODY...).  EXPR is evaluated and
 compared against each key in each KEYLIST; the corresponding BODY
-is evaluated.  If no clause succeeds, cl-case returns nil.  A
+is evaluated.  If no clause succeeds, this macro returns nil.  A
 single non-nil atom may be used in place of a KEYLIST of one
 atom.  A KEYLIST of t or `otherwise' is allowed only in the final
 clause, and matches if no other keys match.  Key values are
@@ -815,10 +815,10 @@ compared by `eql'.
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (defmacro cl-typecase (expr &rest clauses)
-  "Evals EXPR, chooses among clauses on that value.
+  "Eval EXPR and choose among clauses on that value.
 Each clause looks like (TYPE BODY...).  EXPR is evaluated and, if it
 satisfies TYPE, the corresponding BODY is evaluated.  If no clause succeeds,
-cl-typecase returns nil.  A TYPE of t or `otherwise' is allowed only in the
+this macro returns nil.  A TYPE of t or `otherwise' is allowed only in the
 final clause, and matches if no other keys match.
 \n(fn EXPR (TYPE BODY...)...)"
   (declare (indent 1)
@@ -2707,7 +2707,7 @@ pairs for that slot.
 Supported keywords for slots are:
 - `:read-only':  If this has a non-nil value, that slot cannot be set via `setf'.
 - `:documentation': this is a docstring describing the slot.
-- `:type': the type of the field; currently unused.
+- `:type': the type of the field; currently only used for documentation.
 
 \(fn NAME &optional DOCSTRING &rest SLOTS)"
   (declare (doc-string 2) (indent 1)
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/elp.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/elp.el
index 7dd3cbd1a21..f68c0faf09d 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/elp.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/elp.el
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ FUNSYM must be a symbol of a defined function."
     ;; The info vector data structure is a 2 element vector.  The 0th
     ;; element is the call-count, i.e. the total number of times this
     ;; function has been entered.  This value is bumped up on entry to
-    ;; the function so that non-local exists are still recorded. TBD:
+    ;; the function so that non-local exits are still recorded. TBD:
     ;; I haven't tested non-local exits at all, so no guarantees.
     ;;
     ;; The 1st element is the total amount of time in seconds that has
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el
index 8a9b01d580f..26ab2679e22 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/generator.el
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 ;; This raw form of iteration is general, but a bit awkward to use, so
 ;; this library also provides some convenience functions:
 ;;
-;; `iter-do' is like `cl-do', except that instead of walking a list,
+;; `iter-do' is like `dolist', except that instead of walking a list,
 ;; it walks an iterator.  `cl-loop' is also extended with a new
 ;; keyword, `iter-by', that iterates over an iterator.
 ;;
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 ;;; Implementation:
 
 ;;
-;; The internal cps transformation code uses the cps- namespace.
+;; The internal CPS transformation code uses the cps- namespace.
 ;; Iteration functions use the `iter-' namespace.  Generator functions
 ;; are somewhat less efficient than conventional elisp routines,
 ;; although we try to avoid CPS transformation on forms that do not
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@
   `(gensym (format ,fmt ,@args)))
 
 (defvar cps--dynamic-wrappers '(identity)
-  "List of transformer functions to apply to atomic forms we
-evaluate in CPS context.")
+  "List of functions to apply to atomic forms.
+These are transformer functions applied to atomic forms evaluated
+in CPS context.")
 
 (defconst cps-standard-special-forms
   '(setq setq-default throw interactive)
-  "List of special forms that we treat just like ordinary
-  function applications." )
+  "List of special forms treated just like ordinary function applications." )
 
 (defun cps--trace-funcall (func &rest args)
   (message "%S: args=%S" func args)
@@ -118,17 +118,15 @@ evaluate in CPS context.")
        (error "%s not supported in generators" ,function)))
 
 (defmacro cps--with-value-wrapper (wrapper &rest body)
-  "Continue generating CPS code with an atomic-form wrapper
-to the current stack of such wrappers.  WRAPPER is a function that
-takes a form and returns a wrapped form.
+  "Evaluate BODY with WRAPPER added to the stack of atomic-form wrappers.
+WRAPPER is a function that takes an atomic form and returns a wrapped form.
 
 Whenever we generate an atomic form (i.e., a form that can't
 `iter-yield'), we first (before actually inserting that form in our
 generated code) pass that form through all the transformer
 functions.  We use this facility to wrap forms that can transfer
 control flow non-locally in goo that diverts this control flow to
-the CPS state machinery.
-"
+the CPS state machinery."
   (declare (indent 1))
   `(let ((cps--dynamic-wrappers
           (cons
@@ -153,7 +151,7 @@ DYNAMIC-VAR bound to STATIC-VAR."
      ,@body))
 
 (defun cps--add-state (kind body)
-  "Create a new CPS state with body BODY and return the state's name."
+  "Create a new CPS state of KIND with BODY and return the state's name."
   (declare (indent 1))
   (let* ((state (cps--gensym "cps-state-%s-" kind)))
     (push (list state body cps--cleanup-function) cps--states)
@@ -170,14 +168,12 @@ DYNAMIC-VAR bound to STATIC-VAR."
     (and (fboundp handler) handler)))
 
 (defvar cps-inhibit-atomic-optimization nil
-  "When non-nil, always rewrite forms into cps even when they
-don't yield.")
+  "When non-nil, always rewrite forms into CPS even when they don't yield.")
 
 (defvar cps--yield-seen)
 
 (defun cps--atomic-p (form)
-  "Return whether the given form never yields."
-
+  "Return nil if FORM can yield, non-nil otherwise."
   (and (not cps-inhibit-atomic-optimization)
        (let* ((cps--yield-seen))
          (ignore (macroexpand-all
@@ -649,8 +645,8 @@ modified copy."
 (defun iter-yield (value)
   "When used inside a generator, yield control to caller.
 The caller of `iter-next' receives VALUE, and the next call to
-`iter-next' resumes execution at the previous
-`iter-yield' point."
+`iter-next' resumes execution with the form immediately following this
+`iter-yield' call."
   (identity value)
   (error "`iter-yield' used outside a generator"))
 
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/gv.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/gv.el
index b43e53b9d27..065a9688770 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/gv.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/gv.el
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 ;;
 ;; Instead, we use here a higher-order approach: instead
 ;; of a 5-tuple, a place-expander returns a function.
-;; If you think about types, the old approach return things of type
+;; If you think about types, the old approach returns things of type
 ;;    {vars: List Var, values: List Exp,
 ;;     stores: List Var, getter: Exp, setter: Exp}
 ;; whereas the new approach returns a function of type
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp-mode.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp-mode.el
index fbbd389bf96..fa857cd4c6b 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp-mode.el
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ This will generate compile-time constants from BINDINGS."
 
 ;; Support backtrace mode.
 (defconst lisp-el-font-lock-keywords-for-backtraces lisp-el-font-lock-keywords
-  "Default highlighting from Emacs Lisp mod used in Backtrace mode.")
+  "Default highlighting from Emacs Lisp mode used in Backtrace mode.")
 (defconst lisp-el-font-lock-keywords-for-backtraces-1 lisp-el-font-lock-keywords-1
   "Subdued highlighting from Emacs Lisp mode used in Backtrace mode.")
 (defconst lisp-el-font-lock-keywords-for-backtraces-2
diff --git a/lisp/image/exif.el b/lisp/image/exif.el
index 065456dc318..6aeb52c726d 100644
--- a/lisp/image/exif.el
+++ b/lisp/image/exif.el
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ mirrored or not.")
   "Parse FILE (a JPEG file) and return the Exif data, if any.
 The return value is a list of Exif items.
 
-If the data is invalid, an `exif-error' is signalled."
+If the data is invalid, an `exif-error' is signaled."
   (with-temp-buffer
     (set-buffer-multibyte nil)
     (insert-file-contents-literally file)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ If the data is invalid, an `exif-error' is signalled."
   "Parse BUFFER (which should be a JPEG file) and return the Exif data, if any.
 The return value is a list of Exif items.
 
-If the data is invalid, an `exif-error' is signalled."
+If the data is invalid, an `exif-error' is signaled."
   (setq buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
   (with-current-buffer buffer
     (if enable-multibyte-characters
diff --git a/lisp/international/mule-util.el b/lisp/international/mule-util.el
index caa5747817c..5cc10b1315a 100644
--- a/lisp/international/mule-util.el
+++ b/lisp/international/mule-util.el
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ unless the display width of STR is equal to or less than the display
 width of ELLIPSIS.  If it is non-nil and not a string, then ELLIPSIS
 defaults to `truncate-string-ellipsis'.
 
-If ELLIPSIS-TEXT-PROPERTY in non-nil, a too-long string will not
+If ELLIPSIS-TEXT-PROPERTY is non-nil, a too-long string will not
 be truncated, but instead the elided parts will be covered by a
 `display' text property showing the ellipsis."
   (or start-column
diff --git a/lisp/json.el b/lisp/json.el
index 18d7fda8822..ac323dac295 100644
--- a/lisp/json.el
+++ b/lisp/json.el
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ you will get the following structure returned:
 
 OBJECT should have a structure like one returned by `json-read'.
 If an error is detected during encoding, an error based on
-`json-error' is signalled."
+`json-error' is signaled."
   (cond ((memq object (list t json-null json-false))
          (json-encode-keyword object))
         ((stringp object)      (json-encode-string object))
diff --git a/lisp/minibuffer.el b/lisp/minibuffer.el
index b81f778eb4f..f6e2b236f3e 100644
--- a/lisp/minibuffer.el
+++ b/lisp/minibuffer.el
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ perform completion, no matter what ACTION is.
 
 If ACTION is `metadata' or a list where the first element is
 `boundaries', return nil.  If ACTION is nil, this function works
-like `try-completion'; if it's t, this function works like
-`all-completion'; and any other values makes it work like
+like `try-completion'; if it is t, this function works like
+`all-completion'; and any other value makes it work like
 `test-completion'."
   (cond
    ((functionp collection) (funcall collection string predicate action))
diff --git a/lisp/obsolete/cl.el b/lisp/obsolete/cl.el
index 1da4289b695..20bffffd781 100644
--- a/lisp/obsolete/cl.el
+++ b/lisp/obsolete/cl.el
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ This method shows how to handle `setf's to places of the form
 ARGLIST, as if NAME were going to be expanded as a macro, then
 the BODY forms are executed and must return a list of five elements:
 a temporary-variables list, a value-forms list, a store-variables list
-\(of length one), a store-form, and an access- form.
+\(of length one), a store-form, and an access-form.
 
 See `gv-define-expander', and `gv-define-setter' for better and
 simpler ways to define setf-methods."
diff --git a/lisp/startup.el b/lisp/startup.el
index 5af264e3ef7..bff10003f84 100644
--- a/lisp/startup.el
+++ b/lisp/startup.el
@@ -352,11 +352,11 @@ Setting `init-file-user' does not prevent Emacs from loading
 
 (defcustom site-run-file (purecopy "site-start")
   "File containing site-wide run-time initializations.
-This file is loaded at run-time before `~/.emacs'.  It contains inits
-that need to be in place for the entire site, but which, due to their
-higher incidence of change, don't make sense to put into Emacs's
+This file is loaded at run-time before `user-init-file'.  It contains
+inits that need to be in place for the entire site, but which, due to
+their higher incidence of change, don't make sense to put into Emacs's
 dump file.  Thus, the run-time load order is: 1. file described in
-this variable, if non-nil; 2. `~/.emacs'; 3. `default.el'.
+this variable, if non-nil; 2. `user-init-file'; 3. `default.el'.
 
 Don't use the `site-start.el' file for things some users may not like.
 Put them in `default.el' instead, so that users can more easily
diff --git a/lisp/subr.el b/lisp/subr.el
index a744cfddfd4..33194e4ffa2 100644
--- a/lisp/subr.el
+++ b/lisp/subr.el
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ entry to the debugger, even when `debug-on-error' is non-nil.
 This can be overridden by `debug-ignored-errors'.
 
 To signal with MESSAGE without interpreting format characters
-like `%', `\\=`' and `\\='', use (error \"%s\" MESSAGE).
+like `%', `\\=`' and `\\='', use (user-error \"%s\" MESSAGE).
 In Emacs, the convention is that error messages start with a capital
 letter but *do not* end with a period.  Please follow this convention
 for the sake of consistency."
@@ -3290,7 +3290,7 @@ alternatives."
 
 (defun function-get (f prop &optional autoload)
   "Return the value of property PROP of function F.
-If AUTOLOAD is non-nil and F is autoloaded, try to autoload it
+If AUTOLOAD is non-nil and F is autoloaded, try to load it
 in the hope that it will set PROP.  If AUTOLOAD is `macro', do it only
 if it's an autoloaded macro."
   (let ((val nil))
@@ -4997,7 +4997,7 @@ The properties used on SYMBOL are `composefunc', `sendfunc',
 (defun backtrace-frames (&optional base)
   "Collect all frames of current backtrace into a list.
 If non-nil, BASE should be a function, and frames before its
-nearest activation frames are discarded."
+nearest activation frame are discarded."
   (let ((frames nil))
     (mapbacktrace (lambda (&rest frame) (push frame frames))
                   (or base 'backtrace-frames))
diff --git a/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el b/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el
index a9fbd2f04cb..65f61644b6d 100644
--- a/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el
+++ b/lisp/textmodes/ispell.el
@@ -800,8 +800,8 @@ Otherwise returns the library directory name, if that is defined."
 
 (defun ispell-create-debug-buffer (&optional append)
   "Create an ispell debug buffer for debugging output.
-If APPEND is non-nil, append the info to previous buffer if exists,
-otherwise is reset.  Returns name of ispell debug buffer.
+If APPEND is non-nil, add output to the old buffer if it exists,
+otherwise the buffer is erased first.  Returns the debug buffer.
 See `ispell-buffer-with-debug' for an example of use."
   (let ((ispell-debug-buffer (get-buffer-create "*ispell-debug*")))
     (with-current-buffer ispell-debug-buffer
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ See `ispell-buffer-with-debug' for an example of use."
     ispell-debug-buffer))
 
 (defsubst ispell-print-if-debug (format &rest args)
-  "Print message using FORMAT and ARGS to `ispell-debug-buffer' buffer if enabled."
+  "Print message using FORMAT and ARGS to `ispell-debug-buffer' if enabled."
   (if (boundp 'ispell-debug-buffer)
       (with-current-buffer ispell-debug-buffer
         (goto-char (point-max))
@@ -3618,8 +3618,8 @@ Returns the sum SHIFT due to changes in word replacements."
 
 ;;;###autoload
 (defun ispell-buffer-with-debug (&optional append)
-  "`ispell-buffer' with some output sent to `ispell-debug-buffer' buffer.
-If APPEND is non-n il, append the info to previous buffer if exists."
+  "`ispell-buffer' with some output sent to `ispell-debug-buffer'.
+If APPEND is non-nil, don't erase previous debugging output."
   (interactive)
   (let ((ispell-debug-buffer (ispell-create-debug-buffer append)))
     (ispell-buffer)))
diff --git a/src/eval.c b/src/eval.c
index 78a787c4ffd..014905ce6df 100644
--- a/src/eval.c
+++ b/src/eval.c
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ The car of a handler may be a list of condition names instead of a
 single condition name; then it handles all of them.  If the special
 condition name `debug' is present in this list, it allows another
 condition in the list to run the debugger if `debug-on-error' and the
-other usual mechanisms says it should (otherwise, `condition-case'
+other usual mechanisms say it should (otherwise, `condition-case'
 suppresses the debugger).
 
 When a handler handles an error, control returns to the `condition-case'
diff --git a/src/lread.c b/src/lread.c
index af7480a9769..f9a8cb3e1a0 100644
--- a/src/lread.c
+++ b/src/lread.c
@@ -4919,7 +4919,7 @@ features required.  Each entry has the form `(provide . FEATURE)',
 `(defface . SYMBOL)', `(define-type . SYMBOL)',
 `(cl-defmethod METHOD SPECIALIZERS)', or `(t . SYMBOL)'.
 Entries like `(t . SYMBOL)' may precede a `(defun . FUNCTION)' entry,
-and means that SYMBOL was an autoload before this file redefined it
+and mean that SYMBOL was an autoload before this file redefined it
 as a function.  In addition, entries may also be single symbols,
 which means that symbol was defined by `defvar' or `defconst'.
 
diff --git a/test/lisp/jsonrpc-tests.el b/test/lisp/jsonrpc-tests.el
index 63c4c32d45f..6c08023d4f3 100644
--- a/test/lisp/jsonrpc-tests.el
+++ b/test/lisp/jsonrpc-tests.el
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
     (condition-case err
         (progn
           (jsonrpc-request conn 'delete-directory "~/tmp")
-          (ert-fail "A `jsonrpc-error' should have been signalled!"))
+          (ert-fail "A `jsonrpc-error' should have been signaled!"))
       (jsonrpc-error
        (should (= -32601 (cdr (assoc 'jsonrpc-error-code (cdr err)))))))))
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
     (condition-case err
         (progn
           (jsonrpc-request conn '+ ["a" 2])
-          (ert-fail "A `jsonrpc-error' should have been signalled!"))
+          (ert-fail "A `jsonrpc-error' should have been signaled!"))
       (jsonrpc-error
        (should (= -32603 (cdr (assoc 'jsonrpc-error-code (cdr err)))))))))
 
diff --git a/test/src/thread-tests.el b/test/src/thread-tests.el
index 6673ac4b4eb..5d85fc74e50 100644
--- a/test/src/thread-tests.el
+++ b/test/src/thread-tests.el
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
   (should-error (thread-join (current-thread))))
 
 (ert-deftest threads-join-error ()
-  "Test of error signalling from `thread-join'."
+  "Test of error signaling from `thread-join'."
   :tags '(:unstable)
   (skip-unless (featurep 'threads))
   (let ((thread (make-thread #'threads-call-error)))