Use single-arg form of `signal` to re-throw an error

* lisp/vc/smerge-mode.el (smerge-extend):
* lisp/vc/diff-mode.el (diff-beginning-of-file-and-junk):
* lisp/transient.el (transient--with-emergency-exit):
* lisp/textmodes/tex-mode.el (latex-forward-sexp):
* lisp/tar-mode.el (tar-mode):
* lisp/savehist.el (savehist--reload):
* lisp/progmodes/octave.el (inferior-octave-resync-dirs):
* lisp/progmodes/js.el (js--re-search-forward):
* lisp/plstore.el (plstore--decrypt):
* lisp/net/dbus.el (dbus-ignore-errors, dbus-register-signal)
(dbus-handle-event):
* lisp/mouse.el (mouse-drag-track, mouse-drag-region-rectangle):
* lisp/minibuffer.el (completion-pcm--find-all-completions):
* lisp/mail/rfc2231.el (rfc2231-parse-string):
* lisp/mail/rfc2047.el (rfc2047-encode-region):
* lisp/jit-lock.el (jit-lock-fontify-now):
* lisp/international/ja-dic-utl.el (skkdic-lookup-key):
* lisp/gnus/nnselect.el (nnselect-generate-artlist):
* lisp/gnus/mml-sec.el (mml-secure-epg-encrypt, mml-secure-epg-sign):
* lisp/gnus/mail-source.el (mail-source-fetch-pop)
(mail-source-check-pop):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el (gnus-article-read-summary-keys):
* lisp/files.el (basic-save-buffer-2, files--ensure-directory)
(files--force, copy-directory):
* lisp/eshell/esh-io.el (eshell-output-object-to-target):
* lisp/epa.el (epa-decrypt-file, epa-verify-file, epa-sign-file)
(epa-encrypt-file, epa-decrypt-region, epa-verify-region)
(epa-sign-region, epa-encrypt-region, epa-delete-keys)
(epa-export-keys, epa-insert-keys):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el (package--unless-error):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el (multisession--read-file-value):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp.el (up-list-default-function):
* lisp/desktop.el (desktop-kill):
* lisp/calendar/time-date.el (date-to-time):
* lisp/calendar/appt.el (appt-display-message):
* lisp/calc/calc.el (calc-do):
* lisp/bookmark.el (bookmark-handle-bookmark):
* src/fileio.c (report_file_errno):
* lisp/vc/vc.el (vc-checkout, vc-pull): Use `(signal err)` instead
of `(signal (car err) (cdr err))`.

33 files changed, 52 insertions, 55 deletions

diff --git a/lisp/bookmark.el b/lisp/bookmark.el
index c75a8d33da3..1113144f87a 100644
--- a/lisp/bookmark.el
+++ b/lisp/bookmark.el
@@ -1381,7 +1381,7 @@ then offer interactively to relocate BOOKMARK-NAME-OR-RECORD."
                  (message
                   "Bookmark not relocated; consider removing it (%s)."
                   bookmark-name-or-record)
-                 (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))))))
+                 (signal err)))))))))
   ;; Added by db.
   (when (stringp bookmark-name-or-record)
     (setq bookmark-current-bookmark bookmark-name-or-record))
diff --git a/lisp/calc/calc.el b/lisp/calc/calc.el
index 6a23f860123..98bf1e4c2a4 100644
--- a/lisp/calc/calc.el
+++ b/lisp/calc/calc.el
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ See calc-keypad for details."
                (error (substitute-command-keys
                        "Computation got stuck or ran too long.  Type \\`M' to increase the limit"))
              (setq calc-aborted-prefix nil)
-             (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))
+             (signal err))))
       (when calc-aborted-prefix
         (calc-record "<Aborted>" calc-aborted-prefix))
       (and calc-start-time
diff --git a/lisp/calendar/appt.el b/lisp/calendar/appt.el
index df8e28319e5..f12a51c3dc9 100644
--- a/lisp/calendar/appt.el
+++ b/lisp/calendar/appt.el
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ also calls `beep' for an audible reminder."
                         time string)
              (wrong-type-argument
               (if (not (listp mins))
-                  (signal (car err) (cdr err))
+                  (signal err)
                 (message "Argtype error in `appt-disp-window-function' - \
 update it for multiple appts?")
                 ;; Fallback to just displaying the first appt, as we used to.
diff --git a/lisp/calendar/time-date.el b/lisp/calendar/time-date.el
index bd1e7a88f16..83764074eec 100644
--- a/lisp/calendar/time-date.el
+++ b/lisp/calendar/time-date.el
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ If DATE lacks time zone information, local time is assumed."
         (encode-time parsed))
     (error
      (if (equal err '(error "Specified time is not representable"))
-         (signal (car err) (cdr err))
+         (signal err)
        (error "Invalid date: %s" date)))))
 
 ;;;###autoload
diff --git a/lisp/desktop.el b/lisp/desktop.el
index df98079b1c2..f478cf2307b 100644
--- a/lisp/desktop.el
+++ b/lisp/desktop.el
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ is nil, ask the user where to save the desktop."
         (desktop-save desktop-dirname t)
       (file-error
        (unless (yes-or-no-p "Error while saving the desktop.  Ignore? ")
-         (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+         (signal err)))))
   (desktop--on-kill)
   t)
 
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp.el
index 5cbd4213028..936d5f91a06 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp.el
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ On error, location of point is unspecified."
             (if no-syntax-crossing
                 ;; Assume called interactively; don't signal an error.
                 (user-error "At top level")
-              (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))))
+              (signal err))))))
       (setq arg (- arg inc)))))
 
 (defun kill-sexp (&optional arg interactive)
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el
index f3cc4b73338..8df3d9e4b22 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/multisession.el
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ DOC should be a doc string, and ARGS are keywords as applicable to
            (setq i (1+ i)
                  last-error err)
            (sleep-for (+ 0.1 (/ (float (random 10)) 10))))))
-      (signal (car last-error) (cdr last-error)))))
+      (signal last-error))))
 
 (defun multisession--object-file-name (object)
   (expand-file-name
diff --git a/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el b/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el
index c30f7758df4..706614e9df1 100644
--- a/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el
+++ b/lisp/emacs-lisp/package.el
@@ -1219,8 +1219,7 @@ errors signaled by ERROR-FORM or by BODY).
        (when (condition-case ,err
                  (progn ,@before-body t)
                (error (funcall error-function)
-                      (unless noerror
-                        (signal (car ,err) (cdr ,err)))))
+                      (unless noerror (signal ,err))))
          (funcall ,body)))))
 
 (cl-defun package--with-response-buffer-1 (url body &key async file error-function noerror &allow-other-keys)
diff --git a/lisp/epa.el b/lisp/epa.el
index 8d3315891b4..09208a0a3cc 100644
--- a/lisp/epa.el
+++ b/lisp/epa.el
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ If you do not specify PLAIN-FILE, this functions prompts for the value to use."
         (epg-decrypt-file context decrypt-file plain-file)
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (message "Decrypting %s...wrote %s" (file-name-nondirectory decrypt-file)
              (file-name-nondirectory plain-file))
     (if (epg-context-result-for context 'verify)
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ If you do not specify PLAIN-FILE, this functions prompts for the value to use."
         (epg-verify-file context file plain)
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (message "Verifying %s...done" (file-name-nondirectory file))
     (if (epg-context-result-for context 'verify)
         (epa-display-info (epg-verify-result-to-string
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ If no one is selected, default secret key is used.  "
         (epg-sign-file context file signature mode)
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (message "Signing %s...wrote %s" (file-name-nondirectory file)
              (file-name-nondirectory signature))))
 
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ If no one is selected, symmetric encryption will be performed.  ")))
         (epg-encrypt-file context file recipients cipher)
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (message "Encrypting %s...wrote %s" (file-name-nondirectory file)
              (file-name-nondirectory cipher))))
 
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ For example:
           (setq plain (epg-decrypt-string context (buffer-substring start end)))
         (error
          (epa-display-error context)
-         (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+         (signal error)))
       (message "Decrypting...done")
       (setq plain (decode-coding-string
                    plain
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ For example:
                           (get-text-property start 'epa-coding-system-used)))))
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (message "Verifying...done")
     (setq plain (decode-coding-string
                  plain
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ If no one is selected, default secret key is used.  "
                                            mode))
         (error
          (epa-display-error context)
-         (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+         (signal error)))
       (message "Signing...done")
       (delete-region start end)
       (goto-char start)
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ If no one is selected, symmetric encryption will be performed.  ")
                                            sign))
         (error
          (epa-display-error context)
-         (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+         (signal error)))
       (message "Encrypting...done")
       (delete-region start end)
       (goto-char start)
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@ If no one is selected, symmetric encryption will be performed.  ")
         (epg-delete-keys context keys allow-secret)
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (message "Deleting...done")
     (apply #'epa--list-keys epa-list-keys-arguments)))
 
@@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@ If no one is selected, symmetric encryption will be performed.  ")
         (epg-export-keys-to-file context keys file)
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (message "Exporting to %s...done" (file-name-nondirectory file))))
 
 ;;;###autoload
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ If no one is selected, default public key is exported.  ")))
         (insert (epg-export-keys-to-string context keys))
       (error
        (epa-display-error context)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))))
+       (signal error)))))
 
 (provide 'epa)
 
diff --git a/lisp/eshell/esh-io.el b/lisp/eshell/esh-io.el
index 7c0b878e3cf..ea7dbb2e122 100644
--- a/lisp/eshell/esh-io.el
+++ b/lisp/eshell/esh-io.el
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ Returns what was actually sent, or nil if nothing was sent.")
      ;; here.  Maybe `process-send-string' should handle SIGPIPE even
      ;; in batch mode (bug#66186).
      (if (process-live-p target)
-         (signal (car err) (cdr err))
+         (signal err)
        (signal 'eshell-pipe-broken (list target)))))
   object)
 
diff --git a/lisp/files.el b/lisp/files.el
index edbeb43e9b9..54d21a8a5be 100644
--- a/lisp/files.el
+++ b/lisp/files.el
@@ -6276,7 +6276,7 @@ Before and after saving the buffer, this function runs
                   (when save-silently (message nil)))
               ;; If we failed, restore the buffer's modtime.
               (error (set-visited-file-modtime old-modtime)
-                     (signal (car err) (cdr err))))
+                     (signal err)))
             ;; Since we have created an entirely new file,
             ;; make sure it gets the right permission bits set.
             (setq setmodes
@@ -6680,7 +6680,7 @@ Return non-nil if DIR is already a directory."
       (make-directory-internal dir)
     (error
      (or (file-directory-p dir)
-         (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+         (signal err)))))
 
 (defun make-directory (dir &optional parents)
   "Create the directory DIR and optionally any nonexistent parent dirs.
@@ -6753,7 +6753,7 @@ This acts like (apply FN ARGS) except it returns NO-SUCH if it is
 non-nil and if FN fails due to a missing file or directory."
   (condition-case err
       (apply fn args)
-    (file-missing (or no-such (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+    (file-missing (or no-such (signal err)))))
 
 (defun delete-file (filename &optional trash)
   "Delete file named FILENAME.  If it is a symlink, remove the symlink.
@@ -6994,7 +6994,7 @@ into NEWNAME instead."
                   (make-directory (directory-file-name newname) parents)
                 (error
                  (or (file-directory-p newname)
-                     (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))))
+                     (signal err))))))
 
         ;; Copy recursively.
         (dolist (file
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el b/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
index 56473f81f06..301dec87cf7 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/gnus-art.el
@@ -6946,7 +6946,7 @@ not have a face in `gnus-article-boring-faces'."
                   (set-window-hscroll win new-sum-hscroll))))
           (set-window-configuration owin)
           (if err
-              (signal (car err) (cdr err))
+              (signal err)
             (ding))))))))
 
 (defun gnus-article-read-summary-send-keys ()
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el b/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el
index bc1c7272283..a1e954d5367 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/mail-source.el
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ Deleting old (> %s day(s)) incoming mail file `%s'." diff bfile)
                      (setq mail-source-password-cache
                            (delq (assoc from mail-source-password-cache)
                                  mail-source-password-cache))
-                     (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))))))
+                     (signal err))))))))
       (if result
           (progn
             (when (eq authentication 'password)
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ Deleting old (> %s day(s)) incoming mail file `%s'." diff bfile)
                      (setq mail-source-password-cache
                            (delq (assoc from mail-source-password-cache)
                                  mail-source-password-cache))
-                     (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))))))
+                     (signal err))))))))
       (if result
           ;; Inform display-time that we have new mail.
           (setq mail-source-new-mail-available (> result 0))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/mml-sec.el b/lisp/gnus/mml-sec.el
index 700a99fe5d8..85b7d3a879c 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/mml-sec.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/mml-sec.el
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ If no one is selected, symmetric encryption will be performed.  "
               mml-secure-secret-key-id-list nil)
       (error
        (mml-secure-clear-secret-key-id-list)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     cipher))
 
 (defun mml-secure-sender-sign-query (protocol sender)
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ Returns non-nil if the user has chosen to use SENDER."
               mml-secure-secret-key-id-list nil)
       (error
        (mml-secure-clear-secret-key-id-list)
-       (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+       (signal error)))
     (if (epg-context-result-for context 'sign)
         (setq micalg (epg-new-signature-digest-algorithm
                       (car (epg-context-result-for context 'sign)))))
diff --git a/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el b/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el
index b90a6c8b235..71bac870aca 100644
--- a/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el
+++ b/lisp/gnus/nnselect.el
@@ -346,8 +346,7 @@ group info."
             gnus-newsgroup-selection))
       ;; Don't swallow gnus-search errors; the user should be made
       ;; aware of them.
-      (gnus-search-error
-       (signal (car err) (cdr err)))
+      (gnus-search-error (signal err))
       (error
        (gnus-error
         3
diff --git a/lisp/international/ja-dic-utl.el b/lisp/international/ja-dic-utl.el
index 3f6500669a4..66e402c12db 100644
--- a/lisp/international/ja-dic-utl.el
+++ b/lisp/international/ja-dic-utl.el
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ The library `ja-dic' can't be loaded.
 This might indicate a problem with your Emacs installation, as
 LEIM (Libraries of Emacs Input Method) should normally always be
 installed together with Emacs.")))
-               (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))
+               (signal err))))
 
   (let ((vec (make-vector len 0))
         (i 0)
diff --git a/lisp/jit-lock.el b/lisp/jit-lock.el
index d78c1d03deb..ac692340e74 100644
--- a/lisp/jit-lock.el
+++ b/lisp/jit-lock.el
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Defaults to the whole buffer.  END can be out of bounds."
                      ;; on-the-fly jit-locking), make sure the fontification
                      ;; will be performed before displaying the block again.
                      (quit (put-text-property start next 'fontified nil)
-                           (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+                           (signal err)))))
 
                ;; In case we fontified more than requested, take
                ;; advantage of the good news.
diff --git a/lisp/mail/rfc2047.el b/lisp/mail/rfc2047.el
index a48b876443b..3961c2a1e25 100644
--- a/lisp/mail/rfc2047.el
+++ b/lisp/mail/rfc2047.el
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ Dynamically bind `rfc2047-encoding-type' to change that."
                     (setq last-encoded nil)))))
             (error
              (if (or debug-on-quit debug-on-error)
-                 (signal (car err) (cdr err))
+                 (signal err)
                (error "Invalid data for rfc2047 encoding: %s"
                       (replace-regexp-in-string "[ \t\n]+" " " orig-text))))))))
     (unless dont-fold
diff --git a/lisp/mail/rfc2231.el b/lisp/mail/rfc2231.el
index d096176a9b1..70f73018674 100644
--- a/lisp/mail/rfc2231.el
+++ b/lisp/mail/rfc2231.el
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ must never cause a Lisp error."
           (error
            (setq parameters nil)
            (when signal-error
-             (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))
+             (signal err))))
 
         ;; Now collect and concatenate continuation parameters.
         (let ((cparams nil)
diff --git a/lisp/minibuffer.el b/lisp/minibuffer.el
index 1ac83134dbe..13d0e712821 100644
--- a/lisp/minibuffer.el
+++ b/lisp/minibuffer.el
@@ -4634,7 +4634,7 @@ filter out additional entries (because TABLE might not obey PRED)."
                                 (if between (list between)) pattern))
           (setq prefix subprefix)))
       (if (and (null all) firsterror)
-          (signal (car firsterror) (cdr firsterror))
+          (signal firsterror)
         (list pattern all prefix suffix)))))
 
 (defun completion-pcm-all-completions (string table pred point)
diff --git a/lisp/mouse.el b/lisp/mouse.el
index a6d553b60a1..24fe57cdc50 100644
--- a/lisp/mouse.el
+++ b/lisp/mouse.el
@@ -2025,7 +2025,7 @@ The region will be defined with mark and point."
                  (pop-mark)))))
       ;; Cleanup on errors
       (error (funcall cleanup)
-             (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+             (signal err)))))
 
 (defun mouse--drag-set-mark-and-point (start click click-count)
   (let* ((range (mouse-start-end start click click-count))
@@ -2790,7 +2790,7 @@ This must be bound to a button-down mouse event."
       ;; Clean up in case something went wrong.
       (error (setq track-mouse old-track-mouse)
              (setq mouse-fine-grained-tracking old-mouse-fine-grained-tracking)
-             (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+             (signal err)))))
 
 ;; The drag event must be bound to something but does not need any effect,
 ;; as everything takes place in `mouse-drag-region-rectangle'.
diff --git a/lisp/net/dbus.el b/lisp/net/dbus.el
index 7c92980e5a9..0c748e76fcf 100644
--- a/lisp/net/dbus.el
+++ b/lisp/net/dbus.el
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ Otherwise, return result of last form in BODY, or all other errors."
   (declare (indent 0) (debug t))
   `(condition-case err
        (progn ,@body)
-     (dbus-error (when dbus-debug (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+     (dbus-error (when dbus-debug (signal err)))))
 
 (defvar dbus-event-error-functions
   '(dbus-notice-synchronous-call-errors
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ Example:
          "AddMatch" rule)
       (dbus-error
        (if (not (string-match-p "eavesdrop" rule))
-           (signal (car err) (cdr err))
+           (signal err)
          ;; The D-Bus spec says we shall fall back to a rule without eavesdrop.
          (when dbus-debug (message "Removing eavesdrop from rule %s" rule))
          (setq rule (replace-regexp-in-string ",eavesdrop='true'" "" rule t t))
@@ -1234,7 +1234,7 @@ If the HANDLER returns a `dbus-error', it is propagated as return message."
      ;; Propagate D-Bus error messages.
      (run-hook-with-args 'dbus-event-error-functions event err)
      (when dbus-debug
-       (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+       (signal err)))))
 
 (defun dbus-event-bus-name (event)
   "Return the bus name the event is coming from.
diff --git a/lisp/plstore.el b/lisp/plstore.el
index 08c9f5a423e..0964e6ccaf6 100644
--- a/lisp/plstore.el
+++ b/lisp/plstore.el
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ accordingly."
                                plstore-passphrase-alist)))
              (if entry
                  (setcdr entry nil)))
-           (signal (car error) (cdr error))))
+           (signal error)))
         (plstore--set-secret-alist plstore (car (read-from-string plain)))
         (plstore--merge-secret plstore)
         (plstore--set-encrypted-data plstore nil))))
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/js.el b/lisp/progmodes/js.el
index 44c54a60757..a5e1d8ac023 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/js.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/js.el
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ macro as normal text."
       (search-failed
        (goto-char saved-point)
        (unless noerror
-         (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))))
+         (signal err))))))
 
 
 (defun js--re-search-backward-inner (regexp &optional bound count)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/octave.el b/lisp/progmodes/octave.el
index d5e1dc39790..18800e29aa5 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/octave.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/octave.el
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ directory and makes this the current buffer's default directory."
       (progn
         (cd (car inferior-octave-output-list))
         t)
-    (error (unless noerror (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+    (error (unless noerror (signal err)))))
 
 (defcustom inferior-octave-minimal-columns 80
   "The minimal column width for the inferior Octave process."
diff --git a/lisp/savehist.el b/lisp/savehist.el
index 03f0889ef58..8f46adbeb95 100644
--- a/lisp/savehist.el
+++ b/lisp/savehist.el
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Be careful to do it while preserving the current history data."
          ;; effectively destroy the user's data at the next save.
          (setq savehist-mode nil)
          (savehist-uninstall)
-         (signal (car errvar) (cdr errvar))))
+         (signal errvar)))
 
       ;; In case we're loading the file late, there was info in the history
       ;; variables that may have been overwritten by the info extracted from
diff --git a/lisp/tar-mode.el b/lisp/tar-mode.el
index 8cad7472089..e7400e81e00 100644
--- a/lisp/tar-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/tar-mode.el
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ See also: variables `tar-update-datestamp' and `tar-anal-blocksize'.
      ;; tar data.  Rather than show a mysterious empty buffer, let's
      ;; revert to fundamental-mode.
      (fundamental-mode)
-     (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))
+     (signal err))))
 
 (autoload 'woman-tar-extract-file "woman"
   "In tar mode, run the WoMan man-page browser on this file." t)
diff --git a/lisp/textmodes/tex-mode.el b/lisp/textmodes/tex-mode.el
index 9385207f767..86a4b1d006e 100644
--- a/lisp/textmodes/tex-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/textmodes/tex-mode.el
@@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ Mark is left at original location."
                   (progn (latex-backward-sexp-1) (1+ arg)))))
       (scan-error
        (goto-char pos)
-       (signal (car err) (cdr err))))))
+       (signal err)))))
 
 (defun latex-syntax-after ()
   "Like (char-syntax (char-after)) but aware of multi-char elements."
diff --git a/lisp/transient.el b/lisp/transient.el
index a7e2e5daa23..e77fef1f98a 100644
--- a/lisp/transient.el
+++ b/lisp/transient.el
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
          ,(macroexp-progn body))
      ((debug error)
       (transient--emergency-exit ,id)
-      (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))
+      (signal err))))
 
 (defun transient--exit-and-debug (&rest args)
   (transient--emergency-exit :debugger)
diff --git a/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el b/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el
index 559310ff770..86095780f67 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/diff-mode.el
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ data such as \"Index: ...\" and such."
       ;; File starts *after* the starting point: we really weren't in
       ;; a file diff but elsewhere.
       (goto-char orig)
-      (signal (car err) (cdr err)))))
+      (signal err))))
 
 (defun diff-file-kill (&optional delete)
   "Kill current file's hunks.
diff --git a/lisp/vc/smerge-mode.el b/lisp/vc/smerge-mode.el
index c0f6fd426c1..3744ec501ec 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/smerge-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/smerge-mode.el
@@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ region, or with a numeric prefix.  By default it uses a numeric prefix of 1."
   ;; conflicts instead!
   (condition-case err
       (smerge-match-conflict)
-    (error (if (not (markerp otherpos)) (signal (car err) (cdr err))
+    (error (if (not (markerp otherpos)) (signal err)
              (goto-char (prog1 otherpos (setq otherpos (point-marker))))
              (smerge-match-conflict))))
   (let ((beg (match-beginning 0))
diff --git a/lisp/vc/vc.el b/lisp/vc/vc.el
index a1546cbc65a..37d2bc3612f 100644
--- a/lisp/vc/vc.el
+++ b/lisp/vc/vc.el
@@ -2045,7 +2045,7 @@ After check-out, runs the normal hook `vc-checkout-hook'."
          (when t
            (let ((buf (get-file-buffer file)))
              (when buf (with-current-buffer buf (read-only-mode -1)))))
-         (signal (car err) (cdr err))))
+         (signal err)))
       `((vc-state . ,(if (or (eq (vc-checkout-model backend (list file)) 'implicit)
                              nil)
                          'up-to-date
@@ -4695,7 +4695,7 @@ tip revision are merged into the working file."
                  (and-let* ((fileset (vc-deduce-fileset 'not-state-changing
                                                         'allow-unregistered)))
                    (vc-find-backend-function (car fileset) 'pull)))
-         (signal (car ret) (cdr ret))))
+         (signal ret)))
       (:success
        (setq backend (car ret) files (cadr ret)
              fn (vc-find-backend-function backend 'pull))))
diff --git a/src/fileio.c b/src/fileio.c
index cc6590130f7..beb020810be 100644
--- a/src/fileio.c
+++ b/src/fileio.c
@@ -286,8 +286,7 @@ void
 report_file_errno (char const *string, Lisp_Object name, int errorno)
 {
   Lisp_Object data = get_file_errno_data (string, name, errorno);
-
-  xsignal (Fcar (data), Fcdr (data));
+  xsignal (data, Qnil);
 }
 
 /* Signal a file-access failure that set errno.  STRING describes the