diff options
| author | Jay Belanger | 2007-04-16 01:54:54 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Jay Belanger | 2007-04-16 01:54:54 +0000 |
| commit | 9893de2a77218b16d505b31ab6358ed4625249a9 (patch) | |
| tree | 3a553c40a029883b83764997f3b437f10a87d963 | |
| parent | 802ed9b9e781f7e580f0248980395ffbae07abde (diff) | |
| download | emacs-9893de2a77218b16d505b31ab6358ed4625249a9.tar.gz emacs-9893de2a77218b16d505b31ab6358ed4625249a9.zip | |
(Title page): Remove the date.
(The Standard Calc Interface): Change the trail title.
(Basic Arithmetic): Emphasize that / binds less strongly than *.
(Copying): Move to the appendices.
(GNU Free Documentation License): Add as an appendix.
| -rw-r--r-- | man/calc.texi | 941 |
1 files changed, 474 insertions, 467 deletions
diff --git a/man/calc.texi b/man/calc.texi index 64ee0b0c93a..15207cc59b8 100644 --- a/man/calc.texi +++ b/man/calc.texi | |||
| @@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or | |||
| 92 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the | 92 | any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
| 93 | Invariant Sections being just ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the | 93 | Invariant Sections being just ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the |
| 94 | Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover | 94 | Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover |
| 95 | Texts as in (a) below. | 95 | Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section |
| 96 | entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.'' | ||
| 96 | 97 | ||
| 97 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify | 98 | (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
| 98 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | 99 | this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
| @@ -111,8 +112,6 @@ Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |||
| 111 | @sp 4 | 112 | @sp 4 |
| 112 | @center GNU Emacs Calc Version 2.1 | 113 | @center GNU Emacs Calc Version 2.1 |
| 113 | @c [volume] | 114 | @c [volume] |
| 114 | @sp 1 | ||
| 115 | @center March 2005 | ||
| 116 | @sp 5 | 115 | @sp 5 |
| 117 | @center Dave Gillespie | 116 | @center Dave Gillespie |
| 118 | @center daveg@@synaptics.com | 117 | @center daveg@@synaptics.com |
| @@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, | |||
| 126 | 125 | ||
| 127 | @c [begin] | 126 | @c [begin] |
| 128 | @ifinfo | 127 | @ifinfo |
| 129 | @node Top, , (dir), (dir) | 128 | @node Top, Getting Started, (dir), (dir) |
| 130 | @chapter The GNU Emacs Calculator | 129 | @chapter The GNU Emacs Calculator |
| 131 | 130 | ||
| 132 | @noindent | 131 | @noindent |
| @@ -145,8 +144,6 @@ longer Info tutorial.) | |||
| 145 | 144 | ||
| 146 | @end ifinfo | 145 | @end ifinfo |
| 147 | @menu | 146 | @menu |
| 148 | * Copying:: How you can copy and share Calc. | ||
| 149 | |||
| 150 | * Getting Started:: General description and overview. | 147 | * Getting Started:: General description and overview. |
| 151 | * Interactive Tutorial:: | 148 | * Interactive Tutorial:: |
| 152 | * Tutorial:: A step-by-step introduction for beginners. | 149 | * Tutorial:: A step-by-step introduction for beginners. |
| @@ -167,7 +164,9 @@ longer Info tutorial.) | |||
| 167 | * Embedded Mode:: Working with formulas embedded in a file. | 164 | * Embedded Mode:: Working with formulas embedded in a file. |
| 168 | * Programming:: Calc as a programmable calculator. | 165 | * Programming:: Calc as a programmable calculator. |
| 169 | 166 | ||
| 170 | * Customizing Calc:: Customizing Calc. | 167 | * Copying:: How you can copy and share Calc. |
| 168 | * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation. | ||
| 169 | * Customizing Calc:: Customizing Calc. | ||
| 171 | * Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs and make suggestions. | 170 | * Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs and make suggestions. |
| 172 | 171 | ||
| 173 | * Summary:: Summary of Calc commands and functions. | 172 | * Summary:: Summary of Calc commands and functions. |
| @@ -180,400 +179,7 @@ longer Info tutorial.) | |||
| 180 | * Lisp Function Index:: Internal Lisp math functions. | 179 | * Lisp Function Index:: Internal Lisp math functions. |
| 181 | @end menu | 180 | @end menu |
| 182 | 181 | ||
| 183 | @node Copying, Getting Started, Top, Top | 182 | @node Getting Started, Interactive Tutorial, Top, Top |
| 184 | @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | ||
| 185 | @center Version 2, June 1991 | ||
| 186 | |||
| 187 | @c This file is intended to be included in another file. | ||
| 188 | |||
| 189 | @display | ||
| 190 | Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
| 191 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | ||
| 192 | |||
| 193 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | ||
| 194 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | ||
| 195 | @end display | ||
| 196 | |||
| 197 | @unnumberedsec Preamble | ||
| 198 | |||
| 199 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | ||
| 200 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | ||
| 201 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | ||
| 202 | software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | ||
| 203 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | ||
| 204 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | ||
| 205 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | ||
| 206 | the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | ||
| 207 | your programs, too. | ||
| 208 | |||
| 209 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | ||
| 210 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | ||
| 211 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | ||
| 212 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | ||
| 213 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | ||
| 214 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | ||
| 215 | |||
| 216 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | ||
| 217 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | ||
| 218 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | ||
| 219 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | ||
| 220 | |||
| 221 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | ||
| 222 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | ||
| 223 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | ||
| 224 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | ||
| 225 | rights. | ||
| 226 | |||
| 227 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | ||
| 228 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | ||
| 229 | distribute and/or modify the software. | ||
| 230 | |||
| 231 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | ||
| 232 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | ||
| 233 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | ||
| 234 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | ||
| 235 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | ||
| 236 | authors' reputations. | ||
| 237 | |||
| 238 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | ||
| 239 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | ||
| 240 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | ||
| 241 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | ||
| 242 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | ||
| 243 | |||
| 244 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | ||
| 245 | modification follow. | ||
| 246 | |||
| 247 | @iftex | ||
| 248 | @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | ||
| 249 | @end iftex | ||
| 250 | @ifinfo | ||
| 251 | @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | ||
| 252 | @end ifinfo | ||
| 253 | |||
| 254 | @enumerate 0 | ||
| 255 | @item | ||
| 256 | This License applies to any program or other work which contains | ||
| 257 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | ||
| 258 | under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, | ||
| 259 | refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' | ||
| 260 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | ||
| 261 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | ||
| 262 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | ||
| 263 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | ||
| 264 | the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. | ||
| 265 | |||
| 266 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | ||
| 267 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | ||
| 268 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | ||
| 269 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | ||
| 270 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | ||
| 271 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | ||
| 272 | |||
| 273 | @item | ||
| 274 | You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | ||
| 275 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | ||
| 276 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | ||
| 277 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | ||
| 278 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | ||
| 279 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | ||
| 280 | along with the Program. | ||
| 281 | |||
| 282 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | ||
| 283 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | ||
| 284 | |||
| 285 | @item | ||
| 286 | You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | ||
| 287 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | ||
| 288 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | ||
| 289 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | ||
| 290 | |||
| 291 | @enumerate a | ||
| 292 | @item | ||
| 293 | You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | ||
| 294 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | ||
| 295 | |||
| 296 | @item | ||
| 297 | You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | ||
| 298 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | ||
| 299 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | ||
| 300 | parties under the terms of this License. | ||
| 301 | |||
| 302 | @item | ||
| 303 | If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | ||
| 304 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | ||
| 305 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | ||
| 306 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | ||
| 307 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | ||
| 308 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | ||
| 309 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | ||
| 310 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | ||
| 311 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | ||
| 312 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | ||
| 313 | @end enumerate | ||
| 314 | |||
| 315 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | ||
| 316 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | ||
| 317 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | ||
| 318 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | ||
| 319 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | ||
| 320 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | ||
| 321 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | ||
| 322 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | ||
| 323 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | ||
| 324 | |||
| 325 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | ||
| 326 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | ||
| 327 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | ||
| 328 | collective works based on the Program. | ||
| 329 | |||
| 330 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | ||
| 331 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | ||
| 332 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | ||
| 333 | the scope of this License. | ||
| 334 | |||
| 335 | @item | ||
| 336 | You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | ||
| 337 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | ||
| 338 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | ||
| 339 | |||
| 340 | @enumerate a | ||
| 341 | @item | ||
| 342 | Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | ||
| 343 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | ||
| 344 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | ||
| 345 | |||
| 346 | @item | ||
| 347 | Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | ||
| 348 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | ||
| 349 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | ||
| 350 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | ||
| 351 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | ||
| 352 | customarily used for software interchange; or, | ||
| 353 | |||
| 354 | @item | ||
| 355 | Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | ||
| 356 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | ||
| 357 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | ||
| 358 | received the program in object code or executable form with such | ||
| 359 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | ||
| 360 | @end enumerate | ||
| 361 | |||
| 362 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | ||
| 363 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | ||
| 364 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | ||
| 365 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | ||
| 366 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | ||
| 367 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include | ||
| 368 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | ||
| 369 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | ||
| 370 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | ||
| 371 | itself accompanies the executable. | ||
| 372 | |||
| 373 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | ||
| 374 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | ||
| 375 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | ||
| 376 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | ||
| 377 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | ||
| 378 | |||
| 379 | @item | ||
| 380 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | ||
| 381 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | ||
| 382 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | ||
| 383 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | ||
| 384 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | ||
| 385 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | ||
| 386 | parties remain in full compliance. | ||
| 387 | |||
| 388 | @item | ||
| 389 | You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | ||
| 390 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | ||
| 391 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | ||
| 392 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | ||
| 393 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | ||
| 394 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | ||
| 395 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | ||
| 396 | the Program or works based on it. | ||
| 397 | |||
| 398 | @item | ||
| 399 | Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | ||
| 400 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | ||
| 401 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | ||
| 402 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | ||
| 403 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | ||
| 404 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | ||
| 405 | this License. | ||
| 406 | |||
| 407 | @item | ||
| 408 | If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | ||
| 409 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | ||
| 410 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | ||
| 411 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | ||
| 412 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | ||
| 413 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | ||
| 414 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | ||
| 415 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | ||
| 416 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | ||
| 417 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | ||
| 418 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | ||
| 419 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | ||
| 420 | |||
| 421 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | ||
| 422 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | ||
| 423 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | ||
| 424 | circumstances. | ||
| 425 | |||
| 426 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | ||
| 427 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | ||
| 428 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | ||
| 429 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | ||
| 430 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | ||
| 431 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | ||
| 432 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | ||
| 433 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | ||
| 434 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | ||
| 435 | impose that choice. | ||
| 436 | |||
| 437 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | ||
| 438 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. | ||
| 439 | |||
| 440 | @item | ||
| 441 | If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | ||
| 442 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | ||
| 443 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | ||
| 444 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | ||
| 445 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | ||
| 446 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | ||
| 447 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | ||
| 448 | |||
| 449 | @item | ||
| 450 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | ||
| 451 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | ||
| 452 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | ||
| 453 | address new problems or concerns. | ||
| 454 | |||
| 455 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | ||
| 456 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any | ||
| 457 | later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions | ||
| 458 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | ||
| 459 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | ||
| 460 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | ||
| 461 | Foundation. | ||
| 462 | |||
| 463 | @item | ||
| 464 | If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | ||
| 465 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | ||
| 466 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | ||
| 467 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | ||
| 468 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | ||
| 469 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | ||
| 470 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | ||
| 471 | |||
| 472 | @iftex | ||
| 473 | @heading NO WARRANTY | ||
| 474 | @end iftex | ||
| 475 | @ifinfo | ||
| 476 | @center NO WARRANTY | ||
| 477 | @end ifinfo | ||
| 478 | |||
| 479 | @item | ||
| 480 | BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | ||
| 481 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN | ||
| 482 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | ||
| 483 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | ||
| 484 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | ||
| 485 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | ||
| 486 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE | ||
| 487 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | ||
| 488 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | ||
| 489 | |||
| 490 | @item | ||
| 491 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | ||
| 492 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | ||
| 493 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | ||
| 494 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | ||
| 495 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | ||
| 496 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | ||
| 497 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | ||
| 498 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | ||
| 499 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | ||
| 500 | @end enumerate | ||
| 501 | |||
| 502 | @iftex | ||
| 503 | @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | ||
| 504 | @end iftex | ||
| 505 | @ifinfo | ||
| 506 | @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | ||
| 507 | @end ifinfo | ||
| 508 | |||
| 509 | @page | ||
| 510 | @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | ||
| 511 | |||
| 512 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | ||
| 513 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | ||
| 514 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | ||
| 515 | |||
| 516 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | ||
| 517 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | ||
| 518 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | ||
| 519 | the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | ||
| 520 | |||
| 521 | @smallexample | ||
| 522 | @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} | ||
| 523 | Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author} | ||
| 524 | |||
| 525 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | ||
| 526 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | ||
| 527 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | ||
| 528 | (at your option) any later version. | ||
| 529 | |||
| 530 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | ||
| 531 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | ||
| 532 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | ||
| 533 | GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
| 534 | |||
| 535 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | ||
| 536 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | ||
| 537 | Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | ||
| 538 | @end smallexample | ||
| 539 | |||
| 540 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | ||
| 541 | |||
| 542 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | ||
| 543 | when it starts in an interactive mode: | ||
| 544 | |||
| 545 | @smallexample | ||
| 546 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author} | ||
| 547 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. | ||
| 548 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it | ||
| 549 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. | ||
| 550 | @end smallexample | ||
| 551 | |||
| 552 | The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show | ||
| 553 | the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | ||
| 554 | commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and | ||
| 555 | @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever | ||
| 556 | suits your program. | ||
| 557 | |||
| 558 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | ||
| 559 | school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | ||
| 560 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | ||
| 561 | |||
| 562 | @example | ||
| 563 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program | ||
| 564 | `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. | ||
| 565 | |||
| 566 | @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | ||
| 567 | Ty Coon, President of Vice | ||
| 568 | @end example | ||
| 569 | |||
| 570 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | ||
| 571 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | ||
| 572 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | ||
| 573 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General | ||
| 574 | Public License instead of this License. | ||
| 575 | |||
| 576 | @node Getting Started, Tutorial, Copying, Top | ||
| 577 | @chapter Getting Started | 183 | @chapter Getting Started |
| 578 | @noindent | 184 | @noindent |
| 579 | This chapter provides a general overview of Calc, the GNU Emacs | 185 | This chapter provides a general overview of Calc, the GNU Emacs |
| @@ -1019,7 +625,7 @@ with the file you were editing on top and Calc on the bottom. | |||
| 1019 | 625 | ||
| 1020 | ... | 626 | ... |
| 1021 | --**-Emacs: myfile (Fundamental)----All---------------------- | 627 | --**-Emacs: myfile (Fundamental)----All---------------------- |
| 1022 | --- Emacs Calculator Mode --- |Emacs Calc Mode v2.1 ... | 628 | --- Emacs Calculator Mode --- |Emacs Calculator Trail |
| 1023 | 2: 17.3 | 17.3 | 629 | 2: 17.3 | 17.3 |
| 1024 | 1: -5 | 3 | 630 | 1: -5 | 3 |
| 1025 | . | 2 | 631 | . | 2 |
| @@ -1348,7 +954,7 @@ A slope of one-third corresponds to an angle of 18.4349488229 degrees. | |||
| 1348 | @c [fix-ref Embedded Mode] | 954 | @c [fix-ref Embedded Mode] |
| 1349 | @xref{Embedded Mode}, for full details. | 955 | @xref{Embedded Mode}, for full details. |
| 1350 | 956 | ||
| 1351 | @node Other C-x * Commands, , Embedded Mode Overview, Using Calc | 957 | @node Other C-x * Commands, , Embedded Mode Overview, Using Calc |
| 1352 | @subsection Other @kbd{C-x *} Commands | 958 | @subsection Other @kbd{C-x *} Commands |
| 1353 | 959 | ||
| 1354 | @noindent | 960 | @noindent |
| @@ -1514,7 +1120,7 @@ and record them as the current keyboard macro. | |||
| 1514 | its initial state: Empty stack, and initial mode settings. | 1120 | its initial state: Empty stack, and initial mode settings. |
| 1515 | @end table | 1121 | @end table |
| 1516 | 1122 | ||
| 1517 | @node History and Acknowledgements, , Using Calc, Getting Started | 1123 | @node History and Acknowledgements, , Using Calc, Getting Started |
| 1518 | @section History and Acknowledgements | 1124 | @section History and Acknowledgements |
| 1519 | 1125 | ||
| 1520 | @noindent | 1126 | @noindent |
| @@ -1617,7 +1223,7 @@ finished in two weeks. | |||
| 1617 | 1223 | ||
| 1618 | @ifinfo | 1224 | @ifinfo |
| 1619 | @c This node is accessed by the `C-x * t' command. | 1225 | @c This node is accessed by the `C-x * t' command. |
| 1620 | @node Interactive Tutorial, , , Top | 1226 | @node Interactive Tutorial, Tutorial, Getting Started, Top |
| 1621 | @chapter Tutorial | 1227 | @chapter Tutorial |
| 1622 | 1228 | ||
| 1623 | @noindent | 1229 | @noindent |
| @@ -1647,7 +1253,7 @@ Press @kbd{1} now to enter the first section of the Tutorial. | |||
| 1647 | @end menu | 1253 | @end menu |
| 1648 | @end ifinfo | 1254 | @end ifinfo |
| 1649 | 1255 | ||
| 1650 | @node Tutorial, Introduction, Getting Started, Top | 1256 | @node Tutorial, Introduction, Interactive Tutorial, Top |
| 1651 | @chapter Tutorial | 1257 | @chapter Tutorial |
| 1652 | 1258 | ||
| 1653 | @noindent | 1259 | @noindent |
| @@ -2557,7 +2163,7 @@ new number. This works for formulas, vectors, and all other types | |||
| 2557 | of values you can put on the stack. The @kbd{`} key also works | 2163 | of values you can put on the stack. The @kbd{`} key also works |
| 2558 | during entry of a number or algebraic formula. | 2164 | during entry of a number or algebraic formula. |
| 2559 | 2165 | ||
| 2560 | @node Modes Tutorial, , Undo Tutorial, Basic Tutorial | 2166 | @node Modes Tutorial, , Undo Tutorial, Basic Tutorial |
| 2561 | @subsection Mode-Setting Commands | 2167 | @subsection Mode-Setting Commands |
| 2562 | 2168 | ||
| 2563 | @noindent | 2169 | @noindent |
| @@ -3895,7 +3501,7 @@ $$ | |||
| 3895 | @noindent | 3501 | @noindent |
| 3896 | @xref{Matrix Answer 3, 3}. (@bullet{}) | 3502 | @xref{Matrix Answer 3, 3}. (@bullet{}) |
| 3897 | 3503 | ||
| 3898 | @node List Tutorial, , Matrix Tutorial, Vector/Matrix Tutorial | 3504 | @node List Tutorial, , Matrix Tutorial, Vector/Matrix Tutorial |
| 3899 | @subsection Vectors as Lists | 3505 | @subsection Vectors as Lists |
| 3900 | 3506 | ||
| 3901 | @noindent | 3507 | @noindent |
| @@ -5645,7 +5251,7 @@ details and examples. | |||
| 5645 | @c hard exercise: simplify (2^(n r) - 2^(r*(n - 1))) / (2^r - 1) 2^(n - 1) | 5251 | @c hard exercise: simplify (2^(n r) - 2^(r*(n - 1))) / (2^r - 1) 2^(n - 1) |
| 5646 | @c to 2^((n-1)*(r-1)). | 5252 | @c to 2^((n-1)*(r-1)). |
| 5647 | 5253 | ||
| 5648 | @node Rewrites Tutorial, , Basic Algebra Tutorial, Algebra Tutorial | 5254 | @node Rewrites Tutorial, , Basic Algebra Tutorial, Algebra Tutorial |
| 5649 | @subsection Rewrite Rules | 5255 | @subsection Rewrite Rules |
| 5650 | 5256 | ||
| 5651 | @noindent | 5257 | @noindent |
| @@ -6761,7 +6367,7 @@ The rest of this manual tells the whole story. | |||
| 6761 | @c Volume II of this manual, the @dfn{Calc Reference}, tells the whole story. | 6367 | @c Volume II of this manual, the @dfn{Calc Reference}, tells the whole story. |
| 6762 | 6368 | ||
| 6763 | @page | 6369 | @page |
| 6764 | @node Answers to Exercises, , Programming Tutorial, Tutorial | 6370 | @node Answers to Exercises, , Programming Tutorial, Tutorial |
| 6765 | @section Answers to Exercises | 6371 | @section Answers to Exercises |
| 6766 | 6372 | ||
| 6767 | @noindent | 6373 | @noindent |
| @@ -9949,7 +9555,7 @@ first, because @code{read-kbd-macro} doesn't need to execute the | |||
| 9949 | definition as it reads it in. For this reason, @code{C-x * m} is often | 9555 | definition as it reads it in. For this reason, @code{C-x * m} is often |
| 9950 | the easiest way to create recursive programs in Calc. | 9556 | the easiest way to create recursive programs in Calc. |
| 9951 | 9557 | ||
| 9952 | @node Programming Answer 12, , Programming Answer 11, Answers to Exercises | 9558 | @node Programming Answer 12, , Programming Answer 11, Answers to Exercises |
| 9953 | @subsection Programming Tutorial Exercise 12 | 9559 | @subsection Programming Tutorial Exercise 12 |
| 9954 | 9560 | ||
| 9955 | @noindent | 9561 | @noindent |
| @@ -10742,7 +10348,7 @@ the stack and mode settings of the buffer being quit as the new defaults. | |||
| 10742 | There is only one trail buffer, @samp{*Calc Trail*}, used by all | 10348 | There is only one trail buffer, @samp{*Calc Trail*}, used by all |
| 10743 | Calculator buffers. | 10349 | Calculator buffers. |
| 10744 | 10350 | ||
| 10745 | @node Troubleshooting Commands, , Multiple Calculators, Introduction | 10351 | @node Troubleshooting Commands, , Multiple Calculators, Introduction |
| 10746 | @section Troubleshooting Commands | 10352 | @section Troubleshooting Commands |
| 10747 | 10353 | ||
| 10748 | @noindent | 10354 | @noindent |
| @@ -10833,7 +10439,7 @@ If you suspect a Calculator cache has become corrupt, you can use the | |||
| 10833 | The @kbd{C-x * 0} (with the zero key) command also resets caches along | 10439 | The @kbd{C-x * 0} (with the zero key) command also resets caches along |
| 10834 | with all other aspects of the Calculator's state. | 10440 | with all other aspects of the Calculator's state. |
| 10835 | 10441 | ||
| 10836 | @node Debugging Calc, , Caches, Troubleshooting Commands | 10442 | @node Debugging Calc, , Caches, Troubleshooting Commands |
| 10837 | @subsection Debugging Calc | 10443 | @subsection Debugging Calc |
| 10838 | 10444 | ||
| 10839 | @noindent | 10445 | @noindent |
| @@ -11910,7 +11516,7 @@ a value into any of these special variables. | |||
| 11910 | 11516 | ||
| 11911 | @xref{Store and Recall}, for a discussion of commands dealing with variables. | 11517 | @xref{Store and Recall}, for a discussion of commands dealing with variables. |
| 11912 | 11518 | ||
| 11913 | @node Formulas, , Variables, Data Types | 11519 | @node Formulas, , Variables, Data Types |
| 11914 | @section Formulas | 11520 | @section Formulas |
| 11915 | 11521 | ||
| 11916 | @noindent | 11522 | @noindent |
| @@ -12356,7 +11962,7 @@ kills the @var{n} lines below or above the selected one. | |||
| 12356 | The @kbd{t .} (@code{calc-full-trail-vectors}) command is described | 11962 | The @kbd{t .} (@code{calc-full-trail-vectors}) command is described |
| 12357 | elsewhere; @pxref{Vector and Matrix Formats}. | 11963 | elsewhere; @pxref{Vector and Matrix Formats}. |
| 12358 | 11964 | ||
| 12359 | @node Keep Arguments, , Trail Commands, Stack and Trail | 11965 | @node Keep Arguments, , Trail Commands, Stack and Trail |
| 12360 | @section Keep Arguments | 11966 | @section Keep Arguments |
| 12361 | 11967 | ||
| 12362 | @noindent | 11968 | @noindent |
| @@ -12858,7 +12464,7 @@ To update @samp{=>} operators in an Embedded buffer while | |||
| 12858 | automatic recomputation is off, use @w{@kbd{C-x * u}}. | 12464 | automatic recomputation is off, use @w{@kbd{C-x * u}}. |
| 12859 | @xref{Embedded Mode}. | 12465 | @xref{Embedded Mode}. |
| 12860 | 12466 | ||
| 12861 | @node Working Message, , Automatic Recomputation, Calculation Modes | 12467 | @node Working Message, , Automatic Recomputation, Calculation Modes |
| 12862 | @subsection Working Messages | 12468 | @subsection Working Messages |
| 12863 | 12469 | ||
| 12864 | @noindent | 12470 | @noindent |
| @@ -13239,7 +12845,7 @@ using a variable for a new purpose, it is best to use @kbd{s d} | |||
| 13239 | or @kbd{s D} to check to make sure you don't still have an old | 12845 | or @kbd{s D} to check to make sure you don't still have an old |
| 13240 | declaration for the variable that will conflict with its new meaning. | 12846 | declaration for the variable that will conflict with its new meaning. |
| 13241 | 12847 | ||
| 13242 | @node Functions for Declarations, , Kinds of Declarations, Declarations | 12848 | @node Functions for Declarations, , Kinds of Declarations, Declarations |
| 13243 | @subsection Functions for Declarations | 12849 | @subsection Functions for Declarations |
| 13244 | 12850 | ||
| 13245 | @noindent | 12851 | @noindent |
| @@ -13939,7 +13545,7 @@ minus sign on the year value. | |||
| 13939 | If you always enter a four-digit year, and use a name instead | 13545 | If you always enter a four-digit year, and use a name instead |
| 13940 | of a number for the month, there is no danger of ambiguity. | 13546 | of a number for the month, there is no danger of ambiguity. |
| 13941 | 13547 | ||
| 13942 | @node Standard Date Formats, , Free-Form Dates, Date Formats | 13548 | @node Standard Date Formats, , Free-Form Dates, Date Formats |
| 13943 | @subsubsection Standard Date Formats | 13549 | @subsubsection Standard Date Formats |
| 13944 | 13550 | ||
| 13945 | @noindent | 13551 | @noindent |
| @@ -14074,7 +13680,7 @@ when positioning by explicit origins and widths. In the latter | |||
| 14074 | case, the display is formatted as specified, and then uniformly | 13680 | case, the display is formatted as specified, and then uniformly |
| 14075 | shifted over four spaces to fit the line numbers. | 13681 | shifted over four spaces to fit the line numbers. |
| 14076 | 13682 | ||
| 14077 | @node Labels, , Justification, Display Modes | 13683 | @node Labels, , Justification, Display Modes |
| 14078 | @subsection Labels | 13684 | @subsection Labels |
| 14079 | 13685 | ||
| 14080 | @noindent | 13686 | @noindent |
| @@ -15365,7 +14971,7 @@ For @samp{a / b} in Big mode, @code{cascent} returns 2 and @code{cdescent} | |||
| 15365 | returns 1. The only formula for which @code{cascent} will return zero | 14971 | returns 1. The only formula for which @code{cascent} will return zero |
| 15366 | is @samp{cvspace(0)} or equivalents. | 14972 | is @samp{cvspace(0)} or equivalents. |
| 15367 | 14973 | ||
| 15368 | @node User-Defined Compositions, , Information about Compositions, Compositions | 14974 | @node User-Defined Compositions, , Information about Compositions, Compositions |
| 15369 | @subsubsection User-Defined Compositions | 14975 | @subsubsection User-Defined Compositions |
| 15370 | 14976 | ||
| 15371 | @noindent | 14977 | @noindent |
| @@ -15496,7 +15102,7 @@ produce a large, unwieldy integer. | |||
| 15496 | You can save your display formats permanently using the @kbd{Z P} | 15102 | You can save your display formats permanently using the @kbd{Z P} |
| 15497 | command (@pxref{Creating User Keys}). | 15103 | command (@pxref{Creating User Keys}). |
| 15498 | 15104 | ||
| 15499 | @node Syntax Tables, , Compositions, Language Modes | 15105 | @node Syntax Tables, , Compositions, Language Modes |
| 15500 | @subsection Syntax Tables | 15106 | @subsection Syntax Tables |
| 15501 | 15107 | ||
| 15502 | @noindent | 15108 | @noindent |
| @@ -15829,7 +15435,7 @@ backs up and tries the other alternative. Thus Calc has ``partial'' | |||
| 15829 | backtracking. A fully backtracking parser would go on to make sure | 15435 | backtracking. A fully backtracking parser would go on to make sure |
| 15830 | the rest of the pattern matched before finalizing the choice. | 15436 | the rest of the pattern matched before finalizing the choice. |
| 15831 | 15437 | ||
| 15832 | @node Conditional Syntax Rules, , Advanced Syntax Patterns, Syntax Tables | 15438 | @node Conditional Syntax Rules, , Advanced Syntax Patterns, Syntax Tables |
| 15833 | @subsubsection Conditional Syntax Rules | 15439 | @subsubsection Conditional Syntax Rules |
| 15834 | 15440 | ||
| 15835 | @noindent | 15441 | @noindent |
| @@ -16005,7 +15611,7 @@ would not work for fixed-point mode, but it wouldn't be hard to | |||
| 16005 | do a full emulation with the help of the @kbd{Z [} and @kbd{Z ]} | 15611 | do a full emulation with the help of the @kbd{Z [} and @kbd{Z ]} |
| 16006 | programming commands. @xref{Conditionals in Macros}.) | 15612 | programming commands. @xref{Conditionals in Macros}.) |
| 16007 | 15613 | ||
| 16008 | @node Calc Mode Line, , Modes Variable, Mode Settings | 15614 | @node Calc Mode Line, , Modes Variable, Mode Settings |
| 16009 | @section The Calc Mode Line | 15615 | @section The Calc Mode Line |
| 16010 | 15616 | ||
| 16011 | @noindent | 15617 | @noindent |
| @@ -16366,20 +15972,24 @@ whereas @w{@samp{[-2 ..@: 3] ^ 2}} is @samp{[0 ..@: 9]}. | |||
| 16366 | @mindex @null | 15972 | @mindex @null |
| 16367 | @end ignore | 15973 | @end ignore |
| 16368 | @tindex / | 15974 | @tindex / |
| 16369 | The @kbd{/} (@code{calc-divide}) command divides two numbers. When | 15975 | The @kbd{/} (@code{calc-divide}) command divides two numbers. Note that |
| 16370 | dividing a scalar @expr{B} by a square matrix @expr{A}, the computation | 15976 | when using algebraic entry, @samp{/} has lower precedence than @samp{*}, |
| 16371 | performed is @expr{B} times the inverse of @expr{A}. This also occurs | 15977 | so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as @samp{a/(b*c)}. |
| 16372 | if @expr{B} is itself a vector or matrix, in which case the effect is | 15978 | |
| 16373 | to solve the set of linear equations represented by @expr{B}. If @expr{B} | 15979 | When dividing a scalar @expr{B} by a square matrix @expr{A}, the |
| 16374 | is a matrix with the same number of rows as @expr{A}, or a plain vector | 15980 | computation performed is @expr{B} times the inverse of @expr{A}. This |
| 16375 | (which is interpreted here as a column vector), then the equation | 15981 | also occurs if @expr{B} is itself a vector or matrix, in which case the |
| 16376 | @expr{A X = B} is solved for the vector or matrix @expr{X}. Otherwise, | 15982 | effect is to solve the set of linear equations represented by @expr{B}. |
| 16377 | if @expr{B} is a non-square matrix with the same number of @emph{columns} | 15983 | If @expr{B} is a matrix with the same number of rows as @expr{A}, or a |
| 16378 | as @expr{A}, the equation @expr{X A = B} is solved. If you wish a vector | 15984 | plain vector (which is interpreted here as a column vector), then the |
| 16379 | @expr{B} to be interpreted as a row vector to be solved as @expr{X A = B}, | 15985 | equation @expr{A X = B} is solved for the vector or matrix @expr{X}. |
| 16380 | make it into a one-row matrix with @kbd{C-u 1 v p} first. To force a | 15986 | Otherwise, if @expr{B} is a non-square matrix with the same number of |
| 16381 | left-handed solution with a square matrix @expr{B}, transpose @expr{A} and | 15987 | @emph{columns} as @expr{A}, the equation @expr{X A = B} is solved. If |
| 16382 | @expr{B} before dividing, then transpose the result. | 15988 | you wish a vector @expr{B} to be interpreted as a row vector to be |
| 15989 | solved as @expr{X A = B}, make it into a one-row matrix with @kbd{C-u 1 | ||
| 15990 | v p} first. To force a left-handed solution with a square matrix | ||
| 15991 | @expr{B}, transpose @expr{A} and @expr{B} before dividing, then | ||
| 15992 | transpose the result. | ||
| 16383 | 15993 | ||
| 16384 | HMS forms can be divided by real numbers or by other HMS forms. Error | 15994 | HMS forms can be divided by real numbers or by other HMS forms. Error |
| 16385 | forms can be divided in any combination of ways. Modulo forms where both | 15995 | forms can be divided in any combination of ways. Modulo forms where both |
| @@ -17363,7 +16973,7 @@ any date form and returns 1 if that date falls on a weekend or | |||
| 17363 | holiday, as defined in @code{Holidays}, or 0 if the date is a | 16973 | holiday, as defined in @code{Holidays}, or 0 if the date is a |
| 17364 | business day. | 16974 | business day. |
| 17365 | 16975 | ||
| 17366 | @node Time Zones, , Business Days, Date Arithmetic | 16976 | @node Time Zones, , Business Days, Date Arithmetic |
| 17367 | @subsection Time Zones | 16977 | @subsection Time Zones |
| 17368 | 16978 | ||
| 17369 | @noindent | 16979 | @noindent |
| @@ -18010,7 +17620,7 @@ Summing columns with @kbd{V R : +} yields @expr{[10000, 10000, 10000]}; | |||
| 18010 | the total depreciation in any method is (by definition) the | 17620 | the total depreciation in any method is (by definition) the |
| 18011 | difference between the cost and the salvage value. | 17621 | difference between the cost and the salvage value. |
| 18012 | 17622 | ||
| 18013 | @node Definitions of Financial Functions, , Depreciation Functions, Financial Functions | 17623 | @node Definitions of Financial Functions, , Depreciation Functions, Financial Functions |
| 18014 | @subsection Definitions | 17624 | @subsection Definitions |
| 18015 | 17625 | ||
| 18016 | @noindent | 17626 | @noindent |
| @@ -18165,7 +17775,7 @@ and the depreciation is zero for all subsequent periods. The @code{ddb} | |||
| 18165 | function returns the amount the book value decreased in the specified | 17775 | function returns the amount the book value decreased in the specified |
| 18166 | period. | 17776 | period. |
| 18167 | 17777 | ||
| 18168 | @node Binary Functions, , Financial Functions, Arithmetic | 17778 | @node Binary Functions, , Financial Functions, Arithmetic |
| 18169 | @section Binary Number Functions | 17779 | @section Binary Number Functions |
| 18170 | 17780 | ||
| 18171 | @noindent | 17781 | @noindent |
| @@ -19096,7 +18706,7 @@ elements of this vector. @xref{Matrix Functions}. | |||
| 19096 | * Random Number Generator:: (Complete description of Calc's algorithm) | 18706 | * Random Number Generator:: (Complete description of Calc's algorithm) |
| 19097 | @end menu | 18707 | @end menu |
| 19098 | 18708 | ||
| 19099 | @node Random Number Generator, , Random Numbers, Random Numbers | 18709 | @node Random Number Generator, , Random Numbers, Random Numbers |
| 19100 | @subsection Random Number Generator | 18710 | @subsection Random Number Generator |
| 19101 | 18711 | ||
| 19102 | Calc's random number generator uses several methods to ensure that | 18712 | Calc's random number generator uses several methods to ensure that |
| @@ -19412,7 +19022,7 @@ distinct factors, this is @expr{(-1)^k}. If the input number has any | |||
| 19412 | duplicate factors (i.e., can be divided by the same prime more than once), | 19022 | duplicate factors (i.e., can be divided by the same prime more than once), |
| 19413 | the result is zero. | 19023 | the result is zero. |
| 19414 | 19024 | ||
| 19415 | @node Probability Distribution Functions, , Combinatorial Functions, Scientific Functions | 19025 | @node Probability Distribution Functions, , Combinatorial Functions, Scientific Functions |
| 19416 | @section Probability Distribution Functions | 19026 | @section Probability Distribution Functions |
| 19417 | 19027 | ||
| 19418 | @noindent | 19028 | @noindent |
| @@ -20862,7 +20472,7 @@ arguments, interpreted in the same way as the other functions | |||
| 20862 | in this section. For example, @samp{vflat(1, [2, [3, 4]], 5)} | 20472 | in this section. For example, @samp{vflat(1, [2, [3, 4]], 5)} |
| 20863 | returns @samp{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}. | 20473 | returns @samp{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]}. |
| 20864 | 20474 | ||
| 20865 | @node Paired-Sample Statistics, , Single-Variable Statistics, Statistical Operations | 20475 | @node Paired-Sample Statistics, , Single-Variable Statistics, Statistical Operations |
| 20866 | @subsection Paired-Sample Statistics | 20476 | @subsection Paired-Sample Statistics |
| 20867 | 20477 | ||
| 20868 | @noindent | 20478 | @noindent |
| @@ -21354,7 +20964,7 @@ computes the square root of @samp{A} given the initial guess @samp{B}, | |||
| 21354 | stopping when the result is correct within the specified tolerance, or | 20964 | stopping when the result is correct within the specified tolerance, or |
| 21355 | when 20 steps have been taken, whichever is sooner. | 20965 | when 20 steps have been taken, whichever is sooner. |
| 21356 | 20966 | ||
| 21357 | @node Generalized Products, , Nesting and Fixed Points, Reducing and Mapping | 20967 | @node Generalized Products, , Nesting and Fixed Points, Reducing and Mapping |
| 21358 | @subsection Generalized Products | 20968 | @subsection Generalized Products |
| 21359 | 20969 | ||
| 21360 | @kindex V O | 20970 | @kindex V O |
| @@ -21389,7 +20999,7 @@ use @kbd{$} twice to take both operator formulas from the stack, the | |||
| 21389 | first (multiplicative) operator is taken from the top of the stack | 20999 | first (multiplicative) operator is taken from the top of the stack |
| 21390 | and the second (additive) operator is taken from second-to-top. | 21000 | and the second (additive) operator is taken from second-to-top. |
| 21391 | 21001 | ||
| 21392 | @node Vector and Matrix Formats, , Reducing and Mapping, Matrix Functions | 21002 | @node Vector and Matrix Formats, , Reducing and Mapping, Matrix Functions |
| 21393 | @section Vector and Matrix Display Formats | 21003 | @section Vector and Matrix Display Formats |
| 21394 | 21004 | ||
| 21395 | @noindent | 21005 | @noindent |
| @@ -22010,7 +21620,7 @@ to be simplified. | |||
| 22010 | @end group | 21620 | @end group |
| 22011 | @end smallexample | 21621 | @end smallexample |
| 22012 | 21622 | ||
| 22013 | @node Rearranging with Selections, , Operating on Selections, Selecting Subformulas | 21623 | @node Rearranging with Selections, , Operating on Selections, Selecting Subformulas |
| 22014 | @subsection Rearranging Formulas using Selections | 21624 | @subsection Rearranging Formulas using Selections |
| 22015 | 21625 | ||
| 22016 | @noindent | 21626 | @noindent |
| @@ -23108,7 +22718,7 @@ on whether you believe @expr{x} is positive or negative). | |||
| 23108 | The @kbd{a M /} command can be used to divide a factor out of | 22718 | The @kbd{a M /} command can be used to divide a factor out of |
| 23109 | both sides of an inequality. | 22719 | both sides of an inequality. |
| 23110 | 22720 | ||
| 23111 | @node Simplification of Units, , Unsafe Simplifications, Simplifying Formulas | 22721 | @node Simplification of Units, , Unsafe Simplifications, Simplifying Formulas |
| 23112 | @subsection Simplification of Units | 22722 | @subsection Simplification of Units |
| 23113 | 22723 | ||
| 23114 | @noindent | 22724 | @noindent |
| @@ -23742,7 +23352,7 @@ The integral of @samp{1/sqrt(x)} from 0 to 1 exists (it can be found | |||
| 23742 | by Calc's symbolic integrator, for example), but @kbd{a I} will fail | 23352 | by Calc's symbolic integrator, for example), but @kbd{a I} will fail |
| 23743 | because the integrand goes to infinity at one of the endpoints. | 23353 | because the integrand goes to infinity at one of the endpoints. |
| 23744 | 23354 | ||
| 23745 | @node Taylor Series, , Numerical Integration, Calculus | 23355 | @node Taylor Series, , Numerical Integration, Calculus |
| 23746 | @subsection Taylor Series | 23356 | @subsection Taylor Series |
| 23747 | 23357 | ||
| 23748 | @noindent | 23358 | @noindent |
| @@ -23988,7 +23598,7 @@ Another way to deal with certain kinds of overdetermined systems of | |||
| 23988 | equations is the @kbd{a F} command, which does least-squares fitting | 23598 | equations is the @kbd{a F} command, which does least-squares fitting |
| 23989 | to satisfy the equations. @xref{Curve Fitting}. | 23599 | to satisfy the equations. @xref{Curve Fitting}. |
| 23990 | 23600 | ||
| 23991 | @node Decomposing Polynomials, , Solving Systems of Equations, Solving Equations | 23601 | @node Decomposing Polynomials, , Solving Systems of Equations, Solving Equations |
| 23992 | @subsection Decomposing Polynomials | 23602 | @subsection Decomposing Polynomials |
| 23993 | 23603 | ||
| 23994 | @noindent | 23604 | @noindent |
| @@ -24299,7 +23909,7 @@ the initial guess is a complex number the variable will be minimized | |||
| 24299 | over the complex numbers; if it is real or an interval it will | 23909 | over the complex numbers; if it is real or an interval it will |
| 24300 | be minimized over the reals. | 23910 | be minimized over the reals. |
| 24301 | 23911 | ||
| 24302 | @node Numerical Systems of Equations, , Minimization, Numerical Solutions | 23912 | @node Numerical Systems of Equations, , Minimization, Numerical Solutions |
| 24303 | @subsection Systems of Equations | 23913 | @subsection Systems of Equations |
| 24304 | 23914 | ||
| 24305 | @noindent | 23915 | @noindent |
| @@ -25347,7 +24957,7 @@ linearizer was unable to put the model into the required form. | |||
| 25347 | The @code{efit} (corresponding to @kbd{H a F}) and @code{xfit} | 24957 | The @code{efit} (corresponding to @kbd{H a F}) and @code{xfit} |
| 25348 | (for @kbd{I a F}) functions are completely analogous. | 24958 | (for @kbd{I a F}) functions are completely analogous. |
| 25349 | 24959 | ||
| 25350 | @node Interpolation, , Curve Fitting Details, Curve Fitting | 24960 | @node Interpolation, , Curve Fitting Details, Curve Fitting |
| 25351 | @subsection Polynomial Interpolation | 24961 | @subsection Polynomial Interpolation |
| 25352 | 24962 | ||
| 25353 | @kindex a p | 24963 | @kindex a p |
| @@ -25944,7 +25554,7 @@ declarations are used when deciding whether a formula is true; | |||
| 25944 | it returns 0 when @code{dnonzero} would return 0 or leave itself | 25554 | it returns 0 when @code{dnonzero} would return 0 or leave itself |
| 25945 | in symbolic form.) | 25555 | in symbolic form.) |
| 25946 | 25556 | ||
| 25947 | @node Rewrite Rules, , Logical Operations, Algebra | 25557 | @node Rewrite Rules, , Logical Operations, Algebra |
| 25948 | @section Rewrite Rules | 25558 | @section Rewrite Rules |
| 25949 | 25559 | ||
| 25950 | @noindent | 25560 | @noindent |
| @@ -27611,7 +27221,7 @@ buffer (with @kbd{C-x k *Trace* @key{RET}}). If you leave it in | |||
| 27611 | existence and forget about it, all your future rewrite commands will | 27221 | existence and forget about it, all your future rewrite commands will |
| 27612 | be needlessly slow. | 27222 | be needlessly slow. |
| 27613 | 27223 | ||
| 27614 | @node Examples of Rewrite Rules, , Debugging Rewrites, Rewrite Rules | 27224 | @node Examples of Rewrite Rules, , Debugging Rewrites, Rewrite Rules |
| 27615 | @subsection Examples of Rewrite Rules | 27225 | @subsection Examples of Rewrite Rules |
| 27616 | 27226 | ||
| 27617 | @noindent | 27227 | @noindent |
| @@ -28033,7 +27643,7 @@ really is unitless.) | |||
| 28033 | 27643 | ||
| 28034 | @c Describe angular units, luminosity vs. steradians problem. | 27644 | @c Describe angular units, luminosity vs. steradians problem. |
| 28035 | 27645 | ||
| 28036 | @node User-Defined Units, , Predefined Units, Units | 27646 | @node User-Defined Units, , Predefined Units, Units |
| 28037 | @section User-Defined Units | 27647 | @section User-Defined Units |
| 28038 | 27648 | ||
| 28039 | @noindent | 27649 | @noindent |
| @@ -28577,7 +28187,7 @@ example, letting @expr{n=2} in @samp{f(n pi)} with @kbd{a b} will | |||
| 28577 | produce @samp{f(2 pi)}, whereas @kbd{s l} would give @samp{f(6.28)} | 28187 | produce @samp{f(2 pi)}, whereas @kbd{s l} would give @samp{f(6.28)} |
| 28578 | since the evaluation step will also evaluate @code{pi}. | 28188 | since the evaluation step will also evaluate @code{pi}. |
| 28579 | 28189 | ||
| 28580 | @node Evaluates-To Operator, , Let Command, Store and Recall | 28190 | @node Evaluates-To Operator, , Let Command, Store and Recall |
| 28581 | @section The Evaluates-To Operator | 28191 | @section The Evaluates-To Operator |
| 28582 | 28192 | ||
| 28583 | @noindent | 28193 | @noindent |
| @@ -29210,7 +28820,7 @@ lines, and the third curve to have lines in style 3. Point styles will | |||
| 29210 | still be assigned automatically, but you could store another vector in | 28820 | still be assigned automatically, but you could store another vector in |
| 29211 | @code{PointStyles} to define them, too. | 28821 | @code{PointStyles} to define them, too. |
| 29212 | 28822 | ||
| 29213 | @node Devices, , Graphics Options, Graphics | 28823 | @node Devices, , Graphics Options, Graphics |
| 29214 | @section Graphical Devices | 28824 | @section Graphical Devices |
| 29215 | 28825 | ||
| 29216 | @noindent | 28826 | @noindent |
| @@ -29641,7 +29251,7 @@ The @kbd{C-x * y} key sequence is equivalent to @kbd{y} except that | |||
| 29641 | it can be typed anywhere, not just in Calc. This provides an easy | 29251 | it can be typed anywhere, not just in Calc. This provides an easy |
| 29642 | way to guarantee that Calc knows which editing buffer you want to use! | 29252 | way to guarantee that Calc knows which editing buffer you want to use! |
| 29643 | 29253 | ||
| 29644 | @node X Cut and Paste, , Yanking Into Buffers, Kill and Yank | 29254 | @node X Cut and Paste, , Yanking Into Buffers, Kill and Yank |
| 29645 | @section X Cut and Paste | 29255 | @section X Cut and Paste |
| 29646 | 29256 | ||
| 29647 | @noindent | 29257 | @noindent |
| @@ -30011,7 +29621,7 @@ With @key{INV}, @key{HYP}, or @key{INV} and @key{HYP}, the | |||
| 30011 | @kbd{"x"} key pushes the variable names @expr{y}, @expr{z}, and | 29621 | @kbd{"x"} key pushes the variable names @expr{y}, @expr{z}, and |
| 30012 | @expr{t}, respectively. | 29622 | @expr{t}, respectively. |
| 30013 | 29623 | ||
| 30014 | @node Keypad Modes Menu, , Keypad Vectors Menu, Keypad Mode | 29624 | @node Keypad Modes Menu, , Keypad Vectors Menu, Keypad Mode |
| 30015 | @section Modes Menu | 29625 | @section Modes Menu |
| 30016 | 29626 | ||
| 30017 | @smallexample | 29627 | @smallexample |
| @@ -30803,7 +30413,7 @@ annotations at all. | |||
| 30803 | When Embedded mode is not enabled, mode-recording modes except | 30413 | When Embedded mode is not enabled, mode-recording modes except |
| 30804 | for @code{Save} have no effect. | 30414 | for @code{Save} have no effect. |
| 30805 | 30415 | ||
| 30806 | @node Customizing Embedded Mode, , Mode Settings in Embedded Mode, Embedded Mode | 30416 | @node Customizing Embedded Mode, , Mode Settings in Embedded Mode, Embedded Mode |
| 30807 | @section Customizing Embedded Mode | 30417 | @section Customizing Embedded Mode |
| 30808 | 30418 | ||
| 30809 | @noindent | 30419 | @noindent |
| @@ -30957,7 +30567,7 @@ is simply a newline, @code{"\n"}, but may be different for different | |||
| 30957 | major modes. If you change this, it is a good idea still to end with a | 30567 | major modes. If you change this, it is a good idea still to end with a |
| 30958 | newline so that mode annotations will appear on lines by themselves. | 30568 | newline so that mode annotations will appear on lines by themselves. |
| 30959 | 30569 | ||
| 30960 | @node Programming, Customizing Calc, Embedded Mode, Top | 30570 | @node Programming, Copying, Embedded Mode, Top |
| 30961 | @chapter Programming | 30571 | @chapter Programming |
| 30962 | 30572 | ||
| 30963 | @noindent | 30573 | @noindent |
| @@ -31410,7 +31020,7 @@ The contents of the stack and trail, values of non-quick variables, and | |||
| 31410 | other settings such as the language mode and the various display modes, | 31020 | other settings such as the language mode and the various display modes, |
| 31411 | are @emph{not} affected by @kbd{Z `} and @kbd{Z '}. | 31021 | are @emph{not} affected by @kbd{Z `} and @kbd{Z '}. |
| 31412 | 31022 | ||
| 31413 | @node Queries in Macros, , Local Values in Macros, Keyboard Macros | 31023 | @node Queries in Macros, , Local Values in Macros, Keyboard Macros |
| 31414 | @subsection Queries in Keyboard Macros | 31024 | @subsection Queries in Keyboard Macros |
| 31415 | 31025 | ||
| 31416 | @c @noindent | 31026 | @c @noindent |
| @@ -31595,7 +31205,7 @@ default simplifications cures this problem: The definition will be stored | |||
| 31595 | in symbolic form without ever activating the @code{deriv} function. Press | 31205 | in symbolic form without ever activating the @code{deriv} function. Press |
| 31596 | @kbd{m D} to turn the default simplifications back on afterwards. | 31206 | @kbd{m D} to turn the default simplifications back on afterwards. |
| 31597 | 31207 | ||
| 31598 | @node Lisp Definitions, , Algebraic Definitions, Programming | 31208 | @node Lisp Definitions, , Algebraic Definitions, Programming |
| 31599 | @section Programming with Lisp | 31209 | @section Programming with Lisp |
| 31600 | 31210 | ||
| 31601 | @noindent | 31211 | @noindent |
| @@ -32300,7 +31910,7 @@ actually they are less efficient because each operation is really | |||
| 32300 | a division by 512 in disguise; @code{idivmod} allows us to do the | 31910 | a division by 512 in disguise; @code{idivmod} allows us to do the |
| 32301 | same thing with a single division by 512. | 31911 | same thing with a single division by 512. |
| 32302 | 31912 | ||
| 32303 | @node Sine Example, , Bit Counting Example, Example Definitions | 31913 | @node Sine Example, , Bit Counting Example, Example Definitions |
| 32304 | @subsubsection The Sine Function | 31914 | @subsubsection The Sine Function |
| 32305 | 31915 | ||
| 32306 | @noindent | 31916 | @noindent |
| @@ -32780,7 +32390,7 @@ Note the use of @code{insert-before-markers} when changing between | |||
| 32780 | ``F'' and ``C'', so that the character winds up before the cursor | 32390 | ``F'' and ``C'', so that the character winds up before the cursor |
| 32781 | instead of after it. | 32391 | instead of after it. |
| 32782 | 32392 | ||
| 32783 | @node Internals, , Calling Calc from Your Programs, Lisp Definitions | 32393 | @node Internals, , Calling Calc from Your Programs, Lisp Definitions |
| 32784 | @subsection Calculator Internals | 32394 | @subsection Calculator Internals |
| 32785 | 32395 | ||
| 32786 | @noindent | 32396 | @noindent |
| @@ -34672,7 +34282,7 @@ If composition @var{c} is a ``flat'' composition, return the last | |||
| 34672 | @comment @noindent | 34282 | @comment @noindent |
| 34673 | @comment (This section is currently unfinished.) | 34283 | @comment (This section is currently unfinished.) |
| 34674 | 34284 | ||
| 34675 | @node Hooks, , Formatting Lisp Functions, Internals | 34285 | @node Hooks, , Formatting Lisp Functions, Internals |
| 34676 | @subsubsection Hooks | 34286 | @subsubsection Hooks |
| 34677 | 34287 | ||
| 34678 | @noindent | 34288 | @noindent |
| @@ -34836,7 +34446,404 @@ used the first time, your hook should add a variable to the | |||
| 34836 | list and also call @code{make-local-variable} itself. | 34446 | list and also call @code{make-local-variable} itself. |
| 34837 | @end defvar | 34447 | @end defvar |
| 34838 | 34448 | ||
| 34839 | @node Customizing Calc, Reporting Bugs, Programming, Top | 34449 | @node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Programming, Top |
| 34450 | @appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | ||
| 34451 | @center Version 2, June 1991 | ||
| 34452 | |||
| 34453 | @c This file is intended to be included in another file. | ||
| 34454 | |||
| 34455 | @display | ||
| 34456 | Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
| 34457 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | ||
| 34458 | |||
| 34459 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | ||
| 34460 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | ||
| 34461 | @end display | ||
| 34462 | |||
| 34463 | @unnumberedsec Preamble | ||
| 34464 | |||
| 34465 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | ||
| 34466 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | ||
| 34467 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | ||
| 34468 | software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | ||
| 34469 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | ||
| 34470 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | ||
| 34471 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | ||
| 34472 | the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | ||
| 34473 | your programs, too. | ||
| 34474 | |||
| 34475 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | ||
| 34476 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | ||
| 34477 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | ||
| 34478 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | ||
| 34479 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | ||
| 34480 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | ||
| 34481 | |||
| 34482 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | ||
| 34483 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | ||
| 34484 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | ||
| 34485 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | ||
| 34486 | |||
| 34487 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | ||
| 34488 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | ||
| 34489 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | ||
| 34490 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | ||
| 34491 | rights. | ||
| 34492 | |||
| 34493 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | ||
| 34494 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | ||
| 34495 | distribute and/or modify the software. | ||
| 34496 | |||
| 34497 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | ||
| 34498 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | ||
| 34499 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | ||
| 34500 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | ||
| 34501 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | ||
| 34502 | authors' reputations. | ||
| 34503 | |||
| 34504 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | ||
| 34505 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | ||
| 34506 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | ||
| 34507 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | ||
| 34508 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | ||
| 34509 | |||
| 34510 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | ||
| 34511 | modification follow. | ||
| 34512 | |||
| 34513 | @iftex | ||
| 34514 | @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | ||
| 34515 | @end iftex | ||
| 34516 | @ifinfo | ||
| 34517 | @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | ||
| 34518 | @end ifinfo | ||
| 34519 | |||
| 34520 | @enumerate 0 | ||
| 34521 | @item | ||
| 34522 | This License applies to any program or other work which contains | ||
| 34523 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | ||
| 34524 | under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, | ||
| 34525 | refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' | ||
| 34526 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | ||
| 34527 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | ||
| 34528 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | ||
| 34529 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | ||
| 34530 | the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. | ||
| 34531 | |||
| 34532 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | ||
| 34533 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | ||
| 34534 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | ||
| 34535 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | ||
| 34536 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | ||
| 34537 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | ||
| 34538 | |||
| 34539 | @item | ||
| 34540 | You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | ||
| 34541 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | ||
| 34542 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | ||
| 34543 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | ||
| 34544 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | ||
| 34545 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | ||
| 34546 | along with the Program. | ||
| 34547 | |||
| 34548 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | ||
| 34549 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | ||
| 34550 | |||
| 34551 | @item | ||
| 34552 | You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | ||
| 34553 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | ||
| 34554 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | ||
| 34555 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | ||
| 34556 | |||
| 34557 | @enumerate a | ||
| 34558 | @item | ||
| 34559 | You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | ||
| 34560 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | ||
| 34561 | |||
| 34562 | @item | ||
| 34563 | You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | ||
| 34564 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | ||
| 34565 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | ||
| 34566 | parties under the terms of this License. | ||
| 34567 | |||
| 34568 | @item | ||
| 34569 | If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | ||
| 34570 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | ||
| 34571 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | ||
| 34572 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | ||
| 34573 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | ||
| 34574 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | ||
| 34575 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | ||
| 34576 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | ||
| 34577 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | ||
| 34578 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | ||
| 34579 | @end enumerate | ||
| 34580 | |||
| 34581 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | ||
| 34582 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | ||
| 34583 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | ||
| 34584 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | ||
| 34585 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | ||
| 34586 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | ||
| 34587 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | ||
| 34588 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | ||
| 34589 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | ||
| 34590 | |||
| 34591 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | ||
| 34592 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | ||
| 34593 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | ||
| 34594 | collective works based on the Program. | ||
| 34595 | |||
| 34596 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | ||
| 34597 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | ||
| 34598 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | ||
| 34599 | the scope of this License. | ||
| 34600 | |||
| 34601 | @item | ||
| 34602 | You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | ||
| 34603 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | ||
| 34604 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | ||
| 34605 | |||
| 34606 | @enumerate a | ||
| 34607 | @item | ||
| 34608 | Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | ||
| 34609 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | ||
| 34610 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | ||
| 34611 | |||
| 34612 | @item | ||
| 34613 | Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | ||
| 34614 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | ||
| 34615 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | ||
| 34616 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | ||
| 34617 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | ||
| 34618 | customarily used for software interchange; or, | ||
| 34619 | |||
| 34620 | @item | ||
| 34621 | Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | ||
| 34622 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | ||
| 34623 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | ||
| 34624 | received the program in object code or executable form with such | ||
| 34625 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | ||
| 34626 | @end enumerate | ||
| 34627 | |||
| 34628 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | ||
| 34629 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | ||
| 34630 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | ||
| 34631 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | ||
| 34632 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | ||
| 34633 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include | ||
| 34634 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | ||
| 34635 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | ||
| 34636 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | ||
| 34637 | itself accompanies the executable. | ||
| 34638 | |||
| 34639 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | ||
| 34640 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | ||
| 34641 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | ||
| 34642 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | ||
| 34643 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | ||
| 34644 | |||
| 34645 | @item | ||
| 34646 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | ||
| 34647 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | ||
| 34648 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | ||
| 34649 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | ||
| 34650 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | ||
| 34651 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | ||
| 34652 | parties remain in full compliance. | ||
| 34653 | |||
| 34654 | @item | ||
| 34655 | You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | ||
| 34656 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | ||
| 34657 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | ||
| 34658 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | ||
| 34659 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | ||
| 34660 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | ||
| 34661 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | ||
| 34662 | the Program or works based on it. | ||
| 34663 | |||
| 34664 | @item | ||
| 34665 | Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | ||
| 34666 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | ||
| 34667 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | ||
| 34668 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | ||
| 34669 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | ||
| 34670 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | ||
| 34671 | this License. | ||
| 34672 | |||
| 34673 | @item | ||
| 34674 | If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | ||
| 34675 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | ||
| 34676 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | ||
| 34677 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | ||
| 34678 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | ||
| 34679 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | ||
| 34680 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | ||
| 34681 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | ||
| 34682 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | ||
| 34683 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | ||
| 34684 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | ||
| 34685 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | ||
| 34686 | |||
| 34687 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | ||
| 34688 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | ||
| 34689 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | ||
| 34690 | circumstances. | ||
| 34691 | |||
| 34692 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | ||
| 34693 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | ||
| 34694 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | ||
| 34695 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | ||
| 34696 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | ||
| 34697 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | ||
| 34698 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | ||
| 34699 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | ||
| 34700 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | ||
| 34701 | impose that choice. | ||
| 34702 | |||
| 34703 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | ||
| 34704 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. | ||
| 34705 | |||
| 34706 | @item | ||
| 34707 | If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | ||
| 34708 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | ||
| 34709 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | ||
| 34710 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | ||
| 34711 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | ||
| 34712 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | ||
| 34713 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | ||
| 34714 | |||
| 34715 | @item | ||
| 34716 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | ||
| 34717 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | ||
| 34718 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | ||
| 34719 | address new problems or concerns. | ||
| 34720 | |||
| 34721 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | ||
| 34722 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any | ||
| 34723 | later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions | ||
| 34724 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | ||
| 34725 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | ||
| 34726 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | ||
| 34727 | Foundation. | ||
| 34728 | |||
| 34729 | @item | ||
| 34730 | If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | ||
| 34731 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | ||
| 34732 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | ||
| 34733 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | ||
| 34734 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | ||
| 34735 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | ||
| 34736 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | ||
| 34737 | |||
| 34738 | @iftex | ||
| 34739 | @heading NO WARRANTY | ||
| 34740 | @end iftex | ||
| 34741 | @ifinfo | ||
| 34742 | @center NO WARRANTY | ||
| 34743 | @end ifinfo | ||
| 34744 | |||
| 34745 | @item | ||
| 34746 | BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | ||
| 34747 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN | ||
| 34748 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | ||
| 34749 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | ||
| 34750 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | ||
| 34751 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | ||
| 34752 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE | ||
| 34753 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | ||
| 34754 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | ||
| 34755 | |||
| 34756 | @item | ||
| 34757 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | ||
| 34758 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | ||
| 34759 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | ||
| 34760 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | ||
| 34761 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | ||
| 34762 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | ||
| 34763 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | ||
| 34764 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | ||
| 34765 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | ||
| 34766 | @end enumerate | ||
| 34767 | |||
| 34768 | @iftex | ||
| 34769 | @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | ||
| 34770 | @end iftex | ||
| 34771 | @ifinfo | ||
| 34772 | @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | ||
| 34773 | @end ifinfo | ||
| 34774 | |||
| 34775 | @page | ||
| 34776 | @unnumberedsec Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | ||
| 34777 | |||
| 34778 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | ||
| 34779 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | ||
| 34780 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | ||
| 34781 | |||
| 34782 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | ||
| 34783 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | ||
| 34784 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | ||
| 34785 | the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | ||
| 34786 | |||
| 34787 | @smallexample | ||
| 34788 | @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} | ||
| 34789 | Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author} | ||
| 34790 | |||
| 34791 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | ||
| 34792 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | ||
| 34793 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | ||
| 34794 | (at your option) any later version. | ||
| 34795 | |||
| 34796 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | ||
| 34797 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | ||
| 34798 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | ||
| 34799 | GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
| 34800 | |||
| 34801 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | ||
| 34802 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | ||
| 34803 | Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | ||
| 34804 | @end smallexample | ||
| 34805 | |||
| 34806 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | ||
| 34807 | |||
| 34808 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | ||
| 34809 | when it starts in an interactive mode: | ||
| 34810 | |||
| 34811 | @smallexample | ||
| 34812 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author} | ||
| 34813 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. | ||
| 34814 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it | ||
| 34815 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. | ||
| 34816 | @end smallexample | ||
| 34817 | |||
| 34818 | The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show | ||
| 34819 | the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | ||
| 34820 | commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and | ||
| 34821 | @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever | ||
| 34822 | suits your program. | ||
| 34823 | |||
| 34824 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | ||
| 34825 | school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | ||
| 34826 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | ||
| 34827 | |||
| 34828 | @example | ||
| 34829 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program | ||
| 34830 | `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. | ||
| 34831 | |||
| 34832 | @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | ||
| 34833 | Ty Coon, President of Vice | ||
| 34834 | @end example | ||
| 34835 | |||
| 34836 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | ||
| 34837 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | ||
| 34838 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | ||
| 34839 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General | ||
| 34840 | Public License instead of this License. | ||
| 34841 | |||
| 34842 | @node GNU Free Documentation License, Customizing Calc, Copying, Top | ||
| 34843 | @appendix GNU Free Documentation License | ||
| 34844 | @include doclicense.texi | ||
| 34845 | |||
| 34846 | @node Customizing Calc, Reporting Bugs, GNU Free Documentation License, Top | ||
| 34840 | @appendix Customizing Calc | 34847 | @appendix Customizing Calc |
| 34841 | 34848 | ||
| 34842 | The usual prefix for Calc is the key sequence @kbd{C-x *}. If you wish | 34849 | The usual prefix for Calc is the key sequence @kbd{C-x *}. If you wish |
| @@ -36461,7 +36468,7 @@ in your Calc init file or @file{.emacs} file. | |||
| 36461 | 36468 | ||
| 36462 | @printindex vr | 36469 | @printindex vr |
| 36463 | 36470 | ||
| 36464 | @node Lisp Function Index, , Variable Index, Top | 36471 | @node Lisp Function Index, , Variable Index, Top |
| 36465 | @unnumbered Index of Lisp Math Functions | 36472 | @unnumbered Index of Lisp Math Functions |
| 36466 | 36473 | ||
| 36467 | The following functions are meant to be used with @code{defmath}, not | 36474 | The following functions are meant to be used with @code{defmath}, not |