* lisp/so-long.el (so-long-invisible-buffer-function): New user option.
(so-long--set-auto-mode): Use so-long-invisible-buffer-function.
(so-long-deferred): New function/value for so-long-invisible-buffer-function.
(so-long, so-long--disable): Support for so-long-deferred.

* test/lisp/so-long-tests/autoload-longlines-mode-tests.el
* test/lisp/so-long-tests/autoload-major-mode-tests.el
* test/lisp/so-long-tests/autoload-minor-mode-tests.el
* test/lisp/so-long-tests/so-long-tests.el:
Support for so-long-deferred.

Pre-existing tests have been updated to ensure the buffer is already
displayed in cases where a call to `normal-mode' is the (potential)
trigger for `so-long'.

* lisp/so-long.el: Documentation fixes.  For the purposes of
consistency, this reverts some of the changes made in commit
41ba8231ef072571e1a6feabc15d113e5cf57556, including one which
had introduced inconsistent spelling.

ispell configuration and LocalWords have been added such that
`ispell-buffer' should find no misspellings for this library.

* test/lisp/so-long-tests/spelling-tests.el (so-long-spelling):
New test to check the spelling using `ispell-buffer'.

* time-stamp.el (time-stamp-string-preprocess): Change new format for
numeric time zone from %:z to %5z to match format-time-string better.
(time-stamp-format): Document support for numeric time zone.
See discussion in bug#32931.

* NEWS: Mention time-stamp-format %5z.

* lisp/net/tramp.el (tramp-backup-directory-alist)
(tramp-echoed-echo-mark-regexp, tramp-syntax-values)
(tramp-lookup-syntax, tramp-build-prefix-format)
(tramp-build-prefix-regexp, tramp-build-method-regexp)
(tramp-build-postfix-method-format)
(tramp-build-postfix-method-regexp)
(tramp-build-prefix-ipv6-format, tramp-build-prefix-ipv6-regexp)
(tramp-build-postfix-ipv6-format)
(tramp-build-postfix-ipv6-regexp)
(tramp-build-postfix-host-format)
(tramp-build-postfix-host-regexp, tramp-unknown-id-string)
(tramp-unknown-id-integer, tramp-build-file-name-regexp)
(tramp-build-completion-file-name-regexp, tramp-chunksize)
(tramp-find-method, tramp-find-user, tramp-find-host)
(tramp-dissect-file-name, tramp-get-buffer)
(tramp-get-connection-buffer, tramp-debug-message, tramp-error)
(with-tramp-connection-property, tramp-run-real-handler)
(tramp-file-name-for-operation, tramp-file-name-handler)
(tramp-completion-file-name-handler)
(tramp-completion-handle-file-name-completion)
(tramp-completion-dissect-file-name)
(tramp-completion-dissect-file-name1)
(tramp-handle-file-name-as-directory)
(tramp-handle-file-name-directory)
(tramp-handle-file-name-nondirectory, tramp-mode-string-to-int)
(tramp-file-mode-from-int):
* lisp/net/tramp-adb.el (tramp-adb-file-name-p):
* lisp/net/tramp-archive.el (tramp-archive-run-real-handler)
(tramp-archive-file-name-handler)
(tramp-archive-dissect-file-name)
(with-parsed-tramp-archive-file-name)
(tramp-archive-gvfs-file-name, tramp-archive-handle-access-file):
* lisp/net/tramp-cmds.el (tramp-list-remote-buffers):
* lisp/net/tramp-compat.el (tramp-unload-file-name-handlers)
(tramp-compat-funcall, tramp-compat-tramp-file-name-slots):
* lisp/net/tramp-ftp.el (tramp-ftp-file-name-handler)
(tramp-ftp-file-name-p):
* lisp/net/tramp-gvfs.el (tramp-gvfs-file-name-p)
(tramp-gvfs-file-name-handler)
(tramp-gvfs-stringify-dbus-message)
(tramp-gvfs-monitor-process-filter)
(tramp-gvfs-handler-mounted-unmounted):
* lisp/net/tramp-integration.el
(tramp-rfn-eshadow-update-overlay-regexp):
* lisp/net/tramp-rclone.el (tramp-rclone-file-name-p)
(tramp-rclone-file-name-handler, tramp-rclone-send-command):
* lisp/net/tramp-sh.el (tramp-sh--quoting-style-options)
(tramp-sh-gio-monitor-process-filter)
(tramp-sh-gvfs-monitor-dir-process-filter)
(tramp-sh-inotifywait-process-filter, tramp-find-executable)
(tramp-set-remote-path, tramp-open-shell, tramp-find-shell)
(tramp-send-command-and-check, tramp-shell-case-fold)
(tramp-get-remote-path):
* lisp/net/tramp-smb.el (tramp-smb-file-name-p)
(tramp-smb-file-name-handler)
(tramp-smb-do-file-attributes-with-stat)
(tramp-smb-handle-substitute-in-file-name)
(tramp-smb-get-stat-capability, tramp-smb-shell-quote-argument):
* lisp/net/tramp-sudoedit.el (tramp-sudoedit-file-name-p)
(tramp-sudoedit-file-name-handler)
(tramp-sudoedit-send-command-string):
* test/lisp/net/tramp-archive-tests.el (tramp-archive-test-all):
* test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el (tramp--test-gvfs-p)
(tramp--test-with-proper-process-name-and-buffer)
(tramp-test-all): Adapt docstrings according to `checkdoc'.

* lisp/net/ange-ftp.el (ange-ftp-repaint-minibuffer): Use empty message.
(ange-ftp-quote-string): Unquote the string.
(ange-ftp-substitute-in-file-name, ange-ftp-access-file)
(ange-ftp-copy-directory, ange-ftp-make-symbolic-link)
(ange-ftp-add-name-to-file): New defuns.  Set 'ange-ftp property.
(ange-ftp-real-substitute-in-file-name)
(ange-ftp-real-copy-directory): New defuns.
(ange-ftp-file-name-as-directory): Care about `non-essential'.
(ange-ftp-file-attributes): Handle ID-STRING.
(ange-ftp-copy-file-internal, ange-ftp-rename-file)
(ange-ftp-make-directory): Improve error handling.
(ange-ftp-insert-directory): Initialize SWITCHES if they are nil.

* test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el (ange-ftp-make-backup-files): Declare.
(tramp-test39-make-nearby-temp-file, tramp--test-ange-ftp-p): New defun.
(tramp-test05-expand-file-name-relative)
(tramp-test06-directory-file-name, tramp-test10-write-region)
(tramp-test11-copy-file, tramp-test12-rename-file)
(tramp-test17-insert-directory)
(tramp-test26-file-name-completion)
(tramp-test37-make-auto-save-file-name)
(tramp-test38-find-backup-file-name)
(tramp--test-special-characters): Use it.

* test/lisp/comint-tests.el (comint-testsuite-password-strings): Test
that 'comint-password-prompt-regexp' matches 'git push'
output.  (Bug#20910)

* time-stamp.el: Implement %:z as expanding to the numeric time zone
offset, to address the feature request of bug#32931.  Do not document it
yet, to discourage compatibility problems in mixed Emacs 26 and Emacs 27
environments.  Documentation will be added in a subsequent release at
least two years later.  (We cannot yet use %z for numeric time zone
because in Emacs 26 it was documented to do something else.)

* time-stamp-tests.el (time-stamp-test-format-time-zone): expand this
test and break it into two tests, time-stamp-test-format-time-zone-name
and time-stamp-test-format-time-zone-offset.

* lisp/net/tramp-adb.el (tramp-adb-handle-make-directory):
* lisp/net/tramp-gvfs.el (tramp-gvfs-handle-make-directory):
* lisp/net/tramp-sh.el (tramp-sh-handle-make-directory):
* lisp/net/tramp-smb.el (tramp-smb-handle-make-directory):
* lisp/net/tramp-sudoedit.el (tramp-sudoedit-handle-make-directory):
Signal `file-already-exists' if DIR exists.

* test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el (tramp-test04-substitute-in-file-name):
Fix thinko.
(tramp-test13-make-directory, tramp-test14-delete-directory)
(tramp-test15-copy-directory): Extend tests.

* lisp/net/tramp.el (tramp-set-syntax): Add missing argument.
(tramp-signal-hook-function): Make it more robust.
(tramp-handle-directory-files):
* lisp/net/tramp-adb.el
(tramp-adb-handle-directory-files-and-attributes)
(tramp-adb-handle-copy-file, tramp-adb-handle-rename-file):
* lisp/net/tramp-gvfs.el (tramp-gvfs-do-copy-or-rename-file):
* lisp/net/tramp-rclone.el (tramp-rclone-do-copy-or-rename-file)
(tramp-rclone-handle-directory-files):
* lisp/net/tramp-sh.el (tramp-sh-handle-directory-files-and-attributes)
(tramp-sh-handle-copy-directory, tramp-do-copy-or-rename-file):
* lisp/net/tramp-smb.el (tramp-smb-handle-copy-directory)
(tramp-smb-handle-copy-file, tramp-smb-handle-directory-files)
(tramp-smb-handle-rename-file):
* lisp/net/tramp-sudoedit.el (tramp-sudoedit-do-copy-or-rename-file):
Improve error handling.

* test/lisp/net/tramp-tests.el (tramp-test11-copy-file)
(tramp-test12-rename-file, tramp-test14-delete-directory)
(tramp-test15-copy-directory, tramp-test16-directory-files)
(tramp-test19-directory-files-and-attributes): Extend tests.